National Repository of Grey Literature 164 records found  1 - 10nextend  jump to record: Search took 0.02 seconds. 
The History of Yersinia Pestis in Europe from the Perspective of Ancient DNA
Nováková, Veronika ; Ehler, Edvard (advisor) ; Vojíř, Karel (referee)
je gramnegativní bakterie, která byla na konci devatenáctého století odhalena jako původce moru. je blízce příbuzná , od níž se liší přítomností určitých virulentních faktorů. Právě virulentní faktory umožňují efektivní přežití hmyzích vektoru, kterým je blecha. Blecha poté zajišťuje úspěšný přenos bakterie na obratlovce, což je nejčastěji hlodavec, případně člověk. Bakterie je geneticky vybavena tak, aby unikla imunitnímu systému. Během lidské historie proběhly tři morové pandemie, Justiniánský mor, Černá smrt a moderní pandemie, u všech z nich byla pomocí aDNA z kosterních pozůstatků potvrzena přítomnost . Mor způ době bronzové. Sekvenace aDNA a zdokonalování molekulárních metod při studiu historických pandemií se jeví jako vhodná strategie pro pochopení možných budoucích pandemií. Pomocí aDNA lze zjistit nejen fylogenezi patogenů, ale je možné i sledovat změny genofondu populace napříč historií a jak v migracemi, tak i možnými změnami způsobenými samotným KLÍČOVÁ SLOVA mor, bakterie, migrace, populace, mikrobiologie, starodávná DNA
Synthesis of Alkaloid-like Compounds with Quaternary Carbon Centers
Jansa, Petr ; Matoušová, Eliška (advisor) ; Baszczyňski, Ondřej (referee) ; Nováková, Veronika (referee)
Synthesis inspired by natural products has a long tradition in drug development. Because the structure of bioactive natural compounds is often very complex, preparation of their derivatives requires the development of specific synthetic procedures. This thesis focuses on derivatives of certain alkaloids from the Amaryllidaceae plant family as examples of such compounds. The thesis explores the possibilities of preparing polycyclic compounds that contain the structural motif present in tazettine, crinine, or mesembrine-type alkaloids. This motif includes a quaternary all-carbon center, for which a method involving a tandem cyclization/Suzuki coupling reaction and a halocarbocyclization was developed and optimized in this work. The scope of these reactions was studied, and variously substituted products containing oxygen and nitrogen cycles were prepared. Furthermore, methods for the synthesis of N-alkylated derivatives, dehydrohalogenation to form a double bond, or various mainly oxidative modifications of the cycle adjacent to the aromatic ring were developed. After developing a method for the preparation of enantiomerically enriched starting material, an asymmetric version of the entire synthesis was successfully performed. Finally, biological properties of selected compounds were studied. Some...
Design, synthesis and evaluation of heterocyclic compounds with potential antimicrobial activity VI
Abdalrahman, Nechirwan Taimur ; Zitko, Jan (advisor) ; Nováková, Veronika (referee)
(In English) Charles University Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis Author: Nechirwan Abdalrahman Supervisor: Assoc. Prof. PharmDr. Jan Zitko, Ph.D. Title: Design, synthesis, and evaluation of heterocyclic compounds with potential antimicrobial activity VI Despite the existence of a well-established treatment regimens, tuberculosis (TB) continues to be the most leading cause of death by a single microorganism, as reported by WHO. One of the reasons behind treatment failure in completely eradicating this infection is drug resistance. Novel 3-(phenylureido)pyrazine-2-carboxamide derivatives, refer to figure below, were synthesized by reacting 3-chloropyrazine-2-carboxamide with ammonia to produce 3- aminopyrazine-2-carboxamide as an intermediate building block, followed by reacting with various substituted phenyl isocyanates using a microwave reactor. The synthesized compounds were evaluated for in vitro activity against various mycobacterial strains, where most active ones among them showed moderate to low activities; 4-tertiary butyl (MIC 62.5 µg/mL), 4-NO2 (MIC 62.5 µg/mL), 4-Bromo (MIC 250 µg/mL), 4-Cl (MIC 250 µg/mL), 2-F (MIC 250 µg/mL), and non-substituted (MIC 500 µg/mL). As a complementary study in silico, the synthesized...
Synthesis of neutral amphiphilic phthalocyanines
Sidorová, Barbora ; Zimčík, Petr (advisor) ; Nováková, Veronika (referee)
Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department: Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis Candidate: Barbora Sidorová Supervisor: prof. PharmDr. Petr Zimčík, Ph.D. Consultant: PharmDr. Jan Kollár, Ph.D. Diploma thesis: Preparation of neutral amphiphilic phthalocyanines Phthalocyanines are synthetic planar macrocycles, with structure similar to porphyrins. They contain 18 delocalized π electrons, which give these substances unique photophysical features. These substances have many industrial applications. One of these applications is the use of phthalocyanines as photosensitizers in photodynamic therapy, for treating both oncological and non-oncological diseases. When photosensitizer is activated by radiation at a specific wavelength (in the visible light range), it enters its excited state. It dissipates the absorbed energy by transferring it to an oxygen molecule, creating thus reactive molecule of singlet oxygen, that causes tissue damage. The subject of this thesis is synthesis of asymmetric derivatives of phthalocyanines with amphiphilic character, which, due to their structure, could be incorporated into cell membranes and subsequently used as photosensitizers. The first step of this synthesis was preparation of the precursor...
The Formation of Authority in Women's Volleyball: The Influence of Gender on Building Power Techniques and Strategies in Coaching
Nováková, Veronika ; Országhová, Kristína (advisor) ; Numerato, Dino (referee)
This bachelor's thesis is about the influence of gender on the construction of power techniques or strategies that female volleyball coaches use to build their authority. It analyses the attitudes of male and female coaches towards their trainees and their interaction with them, but also with other coaches within the framework of cooperation in one team. The thesis focuses on the individual findings of the interviewed respondents who influence the building of authority and communication with the wards of the performance level of volleyball. The work is based on the assumption that women and men, depending on gender, bring different methods to sport through which they shape their authority and communication. In the theoretical part, gender and the sports environment which is associated with masculinity are discussed (Connell, 1995). Furthermore, attention is paid to the role of the coach and his competencies, including the concept of authority and its distribution, which in the coach's position is central to cooperation with the trainees. The work was prepared using qualitative research methods. Data were collected using semi-structured interviews with female volleyball coaches. Their statements and attitudes were supported by non-participant observation. All generated data were analyzed by content...
Studies of precursor forms of SARS-CoV-2 3-CL protease
Nováková, Veronika ; Majerová, Taťána (advisor) ; Novotný, Marian (referee)
The SARS-CoV-2 virus (Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2), the causative agent of the disease COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019), is an enveloped virus with a positive RNA genome. After the binding of the virus to the cell receptor and the release of the genome into the cytoplasm, the viral genome is immediately translated. It is translated into a polyprotein consisting of non-structural proteins necessary for viral replication. A part of this polyprotein is also protease 3-CL, which autocatalytically cleaves itself out from this polyprotein and further releases (and thus activates) individual proteins. Due to this key function in virus replication, 3-CL protease has become an important target for the design of specific antiviral drugs. As part of this thesis, we focused on the study of the precursor form of this protease, i.e. the protease that is still embedded in the polyprotein. The precursor form of the 3-CL protease was mimicked by attaching a 100 amino acid extramembrane C-terminal fragment of the nsp4 protein to the N-terminus of the mature form of the protease. The aim was to find out, how the sequence added to the N-terminus of the matured protease affects its enzymatic characteristics. As a part of this work, mutations of the N-terminal autoprocessing site were identified,...
Synthesis of coumarin based fluorophore probes
Koutníková, Barbora ; Doležal, Martin (advisor) ; Nováková, Veronika (referee)
Charles University Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis Student: Barbora Koutníková Supervisor: prof. PharmDr. Martin Doležal, Ph.D. Consultant: prof. Janez Ilaš, M. Pharm., Ph.D. Title of diploma thesis: Synthesis of coumarin based fluorophore probes Cancer remains to be one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Despite the progress in anti-cancer treatment, therapy of cancer is still associated with many disadvantages including an absence of selectivity as a major issue. The aim in development of chemotherapeutic drugs is to prepare more selective and better tolerated anti-cancer agents. Topoisomerases play an important role in the therapy of bacterial infections as well as anti-cancer treatment. Both types (human topo I and II) can be targeted during anti-cancer therapy. Isoform IIα is overexpressed during proliferation of the cell and therefore it is characteristic for cancer cells. Inhibition of this isoform leads to excessive DNA damage or to malfunctions during cell proliferation and consequently to cell apoptosis. This is why inhibitors of topoisomerase IIα are studied as candidates for anti-cancer therapy. The aim of this work was to prepare three compounds that would be later tested for inhibitory activity on human topoisomerase IIα. Optimization of the...
Synthesis and study of subphthalocyanines axially modified with an amino adamantyl
Danková, Eva ; Nováková, Veronika (advisor) ; Demuth, Jiří (referee)
Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis Candidate Eva Danková Supervisor doc. PharmDr. Veronika Nováková, Ph.D. Title of Thesis Synthesis and study of subphthalocyanines axially modified by amino adamanthyl Photodynamic therapy is a promising approach for cancer treatment that relies on the administration of a photosensitizer, followed by illumination of the tumor. The generated oxidative stress subsequently activates several mechanisms of cell death. One of the novel groups of photosensitizers are subphthalocyanines with a conical π surface, which renders them less prone to aggregation and offers the possibility to tune their properties through axial substitution (aside peripheral modification). Due to the lipofilicity of the macrocycle, it is necessary to increase its water solubility. This work focused on the possibility of forming supramolecular host-guest complexes with hydrophilic macrocycles in order to increase the hydrophilicity of a subphthalocyanine. In particular, cucurbituril-7 (CB[7]) was chosen since it forms one of the most stable supramolecular interactions in water with 1-aminoadamantane, which was therefore proposed as the axial substituent on subphthalocyanine core. Synthesis of the...
Detection of human adenoviruses from the respiratory samples from the patients of Motol University Hospital
NOVÁKOVÁ, Veronika
Human adenoviruses are world-wide pathogens causing endemic and epidemic outbre-aks of disease. Adenoviral infections are related with high morbidity and mortality especially among the paediatric allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell recipients. Presented work is comparing the commercial and in-house assay for detection of the adenoviruses to improve the diagnostics of these viruses in Motol University Hospital, especially among the immunocompromissed patients, in which is the rapid and precise detection highly important. Theoretical part of work presents the characteristics of adenoviruses, clinical symptoms and diseases of the adenoviral infection, their use in the experimental therapy. Practical part is aiming the screening of the respiratory tract samples with quantitative in-house test and comparing of the results with previously performed detection by commercial Anyplex TM II RV16 test. Detection of adenoviruses was performed in 1,881 samples from 1,420 patients with symptoms of respiratory tract infection by real-time PCR. In total, adenovirus was detected in 187 samples (9.9%) from 169 patients (11.9%). One hundred samples (53.5%) was positive by both methods, 26 (13.9%) with commercial detection only and 61 (32.6%) was positive only with in-house assay. Most frequently, adenoviruses were detected among the patients from Dept. of Paediatrics, Dept. of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology and from adult patients from 3rd Dept. of Surgery and Dept. of Anaestesiology, resuscitation and intensive medicine. In all positive samples, subsequent sequence analysis of hypervariable part of 1-6 hexon gene was performed and representative sequence for identification was obtained in 70 samples. Most frequently detected adenovirus genotypes were C2 (25.7 %), A31 (24.3 %), B3 (15.7 %) a C1 (11.4 %). From 26 samples positive by Anyplex TM II RV16, only 3 samples were identified (all as genotype B3). Contrary, among 61 positive samples detected only with in-house assay, 15 samples were identified as genotype A31 and 3 as AdV from group C. Our results shows the lower sensitivity of the commercial test in detection of adenoviru-ses.

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