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Pedometer and fall detection
Vraňáková, Sofia ; Vítek, Martin (referee) ; Němcová, Andrea (advisor)
This work is focused on the issue of human activity sensing using inertial sensors built into intelligent devices and followed by detection of walk, detection of steps and fall from the accelerometer-scanned signal in the smartphone. The walk detection is performed by using signal envelope, a first signal difference and a standard deviation of the signal. The step detection is implemented by using the method of searching local maximum values and the customized filtering method. Fall detection is realized by using the method of searching maximum and minimum values and using the appropriate threshold values.
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Application for heart rate estimation using smartphone
Šara, Kryštof ; Vítek, Martin (referee) ; Němcová, Andrea (advisor)
This student work deals with the issue of heart biosignals, their processing, the possibility of their acquisition using conventional and smart devices, and the regulation of mobile devices in healthcare. The work also includes the design of a mobile application, which can be used to a quick estimation of the human heart rate (HR). The optimized functional application algorithm was tested on a sample of independent subjects and a mean deviation of 0.74 beats per minute (BPM), relative to the ECG reference record, was reached.
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Production of Selected Yeast Metabolites Applicable to Food Supplements
Němcová, Andrea ; Čertík, Milan (referee) ; Vávrová, Milada (referee) ; Márová, Ivana (advisor)
Carotenoids are naturally occurring pigments of plants also produced in many bacteria, and fungi. They represent one of the widest group of natural antioxidants with significant biological effects and numerous of industrial applications. There is an increased interest in carotenoids as natural antioxidants for their ability to reduce chronic diseases, various pathological stages and aging. The area of their application concerns mainly food industry; however, they are used in chemical, pharmaceutical, and cosmetics industry as well. One possibility is study of potential of red yeasts that are able to convert various substrates into carotenoid pigments. In presented thesis carotenogenic yeast belonging to the genus Rhodotorula, Sporobolomyces and Cystofilobasidium were tested for ability to use of selected waste substrates and also random mutagenesis in order to increase the production of biomass and specific metabolites – carotenoids and other lipid-soluble substances. As alternative nutrient sources derived from waste substrates from agricultural and food production (rapeseed substrate, rice, wheat, apple fiber, pasta and lignocellusic materials) were tested. To selected production media extracellular hydrolytic enzymes or commercial enzymes degrading polysaccharide were added. All tested red yeast strains were able to utilize these substrates as the only carbon source and simultaneous produce carotenoid enriched biomass. In this work, characterization of carotenogenic yeast using molecular techniques was studied. For this usage, interspecific variables of strongly conserved sequences of genomic DNA, especially rDNA D1/D2 large ribosomal subunit and ITS1 and 5,8-ITS2 rDNA regions were amplified. These sequences were subjected analysed by DGGE method to compare differences of carotenogenic yeasts. Isolation procedure of the intact DNA were optimized for caryotypic yeast characterization by pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). The karyotype of tested yeasts contain visible differences between yeast species and genera.
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Testing the effects of a mixture of beta-glucans and antimicrobial extracts
Mihálová, Veronika ; Bendová, Agáta (referee) ; Němcová, Andrea (advisor)
The bachelor thesis aims to describe the effects of a mixture of selected natural substances in conjunction with -glucan obtained from the cell wall of the studied yeast species. The theoretical part describes bioactive substances and compounds with antioxidant activity. Subsequently, selected species of plants and herbs are characterized as direct sources of bioactive substances. In parallel, the following chapters of the theoretical part present as sources of -glucan representatives of yeast species with their morphological characterization. - glucan, its structure, biological effects, as well as the principles of methods used in the determination and preparation of bioactive mixtures of plant extracts and -glucan are described. In the experimental part of the work, attention is paid to the preparation, cultivation of yeast, isolation, and determination of -glucan content using the enzymatic method. The amount of polyphenols, flavonoids, and antioxidant activity in aqueous plant extracts is determined. The content of fatty acids, carotenoids, and coenzyme Q is determined in yeast. Subsequently, the antimicrobial and antioxidant effects of mixtures of plant extracts and -glucan are tested.
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Nutritional and microbiological characterization of soya tempeh cheese
Sobotková, Markéta ; Vespalcová, Milena (referee) ; Němcová, Andrea (advisor)
Tempeh belongs to the fermented probiotic soybean products. Tempeh is a valuable nutritional foodstuff due to its rich source of protein, content of unsaturated fatty acids essential for human and high amount of antioxidants. The theoretical part describes nutritional composition of tempeh and soybeans. In the thesis are discussed positive and negative effects of soy on human health. In the thesis were followed up changes in the nutritional components caused by the fermentation process and the action of microorganisms. The experimental part deals with the identification of microorganisms, which are contained in three types of tempeh. Microorganisms were detected using method polymerase chain reaction. DNA was isolated from the products by use phenol extraction, using magnetic microparticles F-kol 77ox and magnetic nanoparticles F79/L3 PLL. As part of the nutritional analysis changes in individual nutrients and other substances in soybeans after tempeh fermentation have been studied. In the chosen products total content of essential nutrients – carbohydrates, lipids and proteins were analyzed. Amount of antioxidants such as phenolics and flavonoids were analysed by UV-VIS spectrophotometry. Determination of vitamin E content which was analysed by HPLC and determination presence of fatty acids which was determined by GC was incorporated to this thesis.
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Use of rare oils in cosmetics
Pilipenco, Alina ; Szotkowski, Martin (referee) ; Němcová, Andrea (advisor)
The purpose of this bachelor thesis was to research rare oils. The oils from selected plants (poppy, cannabis, thistle) is characterized by the content of active phenolic compounds, fatty acid composition, antioxidant and antimicrobial effects. First part of the thesis is a literary research on a given topic, which contains the following parts: the universal chemical composition of vegetable oils, the characteristics and effects of selected oils and the ways of their obtaining for cosmetic purposes. The experimental part is focused primarily on the basic analysis of selected oil components and the preparation of the shower oil based on the obtained results. In conclusion are presented an overview of all the properties of selected oils, their practical use and assessment of their application in cosmetics.
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Measuring of pulse rate using smartphone
Víteček, Jiří ; Smital, Lukáš (referee) ; Němcová, Andrea (advisor)
This bachelor thesis deals with the possibility to measure heart rate using a smartphone. Today, many people own a smartphone. Newer devices can record various data thanks to its sensors and additional equipment. The current trend is to use the data so that the mobile phone can replace other devices, e.g. navigation, camera, camcorder or multimedia player. Recently, mobile phones have also been used in the field of medicine and, thanks to their mass extension, there is the potential to use them to detect health problems early on. With a functional mobile application, testing becomes cheap, fast, always available and easy to the general public. The beginning of the thesis describes the basic facts about physiology and anatomy of the heart, and circulatory system. Methods of heart rate monitoring using standard devices and smartphones, and measurement history are discussed as well. Two proposed methods using the smartphone's microphone and accelerometer are described below. For each method, testing and statistical evaluation are described. The thesis confirmed the possibility of using these methods for relatively accurate pulse rate measurement, even under different measuring conditions. Created applications with graphical user interfaces are described in the thesis including examples. The last part contains a comparison of methods, recommendations for measurement and final evaluation.
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Fatigue evaluation using electrooculography
Němcová, Andrea ; Vítek, Martin (referee) ; Janoušek, Oto (advisor)
The master´s thesis deals with fatigue evaluation in electrooculography records (EOG). The theoretical part focuses on electrooculography itself, fatigue and methods used for fatigue detection from EOG. The practical part includes a plan of optimal methodology for fatigue evaluation using EOG. The EOG signals are recorded during the volunteers are watching prepared scenes. Those scenes are desribed here. There is also definition of signal processing methods with relevant block diagrams. Laboratory protocol describing EOG signals recording using Biopac data acquisition system is included. Ten volunteers were measured according to this protocol and the signal database was created. In brief questionnaire volunteers were supposed to evaluate fatigue and discomfort of the measurment. Recorded signals were processed and acquired parameters were statistically evaluated. Then the parameters were discussed in terms of fatigue detection ability. On the basis of that software application was created. This application detects fatigue in selected signal. The thesis includes detailed laboratory manual for students.
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Use of high resolution melting analysis for the study of lactic acid bacteria
Knápková, Monika ; Němcová, Andrea (referee) ; Brázda, Václav (advisor)
Currently, there is a growing interest in the use of probiotic products, and there are many of them in the market. With the growing interest, greater emphasis is placed on the identification of declared probiotic microorganisms. Precise identification of microbial composition is often a difficult task and it requires more advanced methods especially in the field of molecular diagnostics. The diploma thesis was focused on the verification of the presence od declared probiotic microorganisms in probiotic food supplements GS Laktobacily Forte 21, Biopron 9 Premium and Linex® Forte. DNA was isolated from the complex matrices by phenol extraction, commercial kit and magnetic carriers F79/L3-PLL in the quality suitable for PCR. Subsequently, the isolated DNA was amplified by real-time polymerase chain reaction using genus- and species-specific primers. The specific PCR product was subjected to agarose gel electrophoresis, whereas species identification was not always in compliance with the data declared by producers. The next part of the thesis was focused on polymerase chain reaction with high-resolution melting analysis to distinguish bacterial strains belonging to the Lactobacillus group and to identify probiotic microorganisms present in the complex matrices of the probiotic food supplements. Eight primer sets were tested (V1F HRM a V1R-HRM, CHAU-V3F a CHAU-V3R, CHAU-V6F a CHAU-V6R, LAC2 a LAC4, LAC1 a LAC2, P1V1 a P2V1, poxcDNAFw a poxPromRVC, poxcDNAFw a poxPromRVT). Three primer pairs (V1F HRM a V1R-HRM, poxcDNAFw a poxPromRVC, poxcDNAFw a poxPromRVT) were evaluated as the most suitable for distinguishing Lactobacillus bacterial strains.
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Production of pigments by yeasts
Gonová, Dominika ; Hlaváček, Viliam (referee) ; Němcová, Andrea (advisor)
Carotenoids are naturally occurring pigments synthesized by yeast, bacteria, filamentous fungi and plants. In recent years, the interest in the study of these pigments and their microbiological production is increasing mainly due to significant biological effects attributed to carotenoids. This work is conceived as comparative study of six carotenogenic yeasts: two strains of species Rhodotorula glutinis, Rhodotorula mucilaginosa, Sporobolomyces roseus, Sporobolomyces metaroseus a Sporobolomyces pararoseus. Their cultivation was carried out in various media where the oxidative stress was applied in the form of hydrogen peroxide and also waste material – egg pasta – was used as a nutrition source. All studied strains were able to use waste substrate as a source of nutrients, in case of the genus Sporobolomyces increasing production of metabolites was observed. Under the oxidative stress, the majority of the studied yeast showed overproduction of carotenoids and accompanying lipid substances. Sporobolomyces roseus CCY 19-6-4 was characterized by the highest production of carotenoids (1923.78 µg/g -carotene) at the egg pasta media, but on the other hand, it showed a significant decline in biomass. As potentially the best producer of biomass (9.85 g/l) and carotenoids (780.24 µg/g of -carotene), the yeast Rhodotorula glutinis CCY 20-2-26 was observed. Pulcherrimin, synthesized mainly by yeast but also by some spore-forming bacteria, also belongs among natural pigments. Recently, its antagonistic effect that was shown against several microorganisms has been intensively studied, as it seems to be very relevant in regard to biological control. The second part of the work deals with the regulation of pulcherrimin production and its antimicrobial activity. As the pigment-producing yeast strains were used Metschnikowia pulcherrima 145, Metschnikowia pulcherrima 147, Mestchnikowia pulcherrima 149, Metschnikowia andauensis 129, which were cultured on various media containing different concentrations of metal ions and hydrogen peroxide as exogenous stress. In the study of pulcherrimin antagonistic effect, gram-positive bacteria Lactobacillus sakei, gram-negative bacteria Escherichia coli, yeast Candida glabrata and filamentous fungi Phanrochaete chrysosporium were used as tested microorganisms. All studied yeasts were able to produce pulcherrimin, and therefore to show antagonist effect, only in media supplemented with iron, while the color intensity was proportional to the concentration of iron. Antimicrobial activity of pulcherrimin was not observed only against bacteria Escherichia coli.
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