|
|
Zinc - chelating activity of selected novel chelators from 4-acylpyrazol-5-one group
Nováková, Jana ; Mladěnka, Přemysl (advisor) ; Kučerová, Marta (referee)
Charles University Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Candidate: Jana Nováková, MSc. Consultant: Assoc. Prof. Přemysl Mladěnka, PharmD., Ph.D. Co-consultant: Václav Tvrdý, MSc. Title of thesis: Zinc-chelating activity of selected novel chelators from 4-acylpyrazol-5-one group Zinc plays a key role in many physiological functions in the human body. In case of increased concentrations of zinc in the body, a number of pathological manifestations may occur. In less severe cases, gastrointestinal discomfort and nausea can occur while in a worse case, cardiovascular failure can develop. After the diagnosis of zinc intoxication is confirmed, the chelation therapy is used. Its principle is based on the formation of complexes with excessive metal and their excretion. Substances from the group 4-acylpyrazol-5-ons were previously shown to be strong iron chelators. The aim of this thesis was to test the ability of these substances the chelate zinc and determine the structure-activity relationship. Based on the obtained results, it can be concluded that most of the tested 4-acylpyrazol-5-ons were almost inactive or showed ability to chelated zinc ions only at very high excess over Zn2+ . The most effective substances were H2QPyQ and H2Q4Q. However, each of them...
|
|
|
Membrane endoglin and its role in pathogenesis of endothelial dysfunction in vitro
Vicen, Matej ; Nachtigal, Petr (advisor) ; Mladěnka, Přemysl (referee) ; Štěrba, Martin (referee)
Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove Department of Biological and Medical Sciences Candidate: M. Sc. Matej Vicen Supervisor: Prof. PharmDr. Petr Nachtigal, Ph.D. Title of Doctoral Thesis: Membrane endoglin and its role in pathogenesis of endothelial dysfunction in vitro Membrane endoglin (Eng) is a transmembrane glycoprotein that acts as a co-receptor in the transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) signalling cascade. Its expression and function have been extensively studied predominantly in relation to endothelial function under various pathological conditions, including hypercholesterolemia and atherogenesis. However, its role in the development of endothelial dysfunction remains controversial. Eng contributes to the formation of nitric oxide (NO) and is crucial in in vivo conditions for the development of the cardiovascular system and especially the heart. On the other hand, it may play an important role in inflammatory adhesion and transmigration of leukocytes to the endothelium, thus contributing to the development of endothelial dysfunction as the first stage of atherogenesis. Experiments on endothelial cells isolated from various blood vessels are used to study short-term effects of substances and drugs on the endothelium. One of the effects studied in endothelial cell...
|
|
|
Study of interactions of antiviral drugs with selected placental transporters
Karbanová, Sára ; Štaud, František (advisor) ; Kacerovský, Marian (referee) ; Mladěnka, Přemysl (referee)
Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Candidate: Sára Karbanová, MSc. Supervisor: prof. PharmDr. František Štaud, Ph.D. Consultant: doc. PharmDr. Lukáš Červený, Ph.D. Title of Dissertation Thesis: Study of interactions of antiviral drugs with selected placental transporters The backbone of HIV treatment in pregnant women is the combination antiretroviral therapy which effectively suppresses the viral proliferation in maternal blood circulation. One of drugs in this therapy regimen should be a molecule with high placental transfer to assure the prophylaxis of viral transfer to fetus. There is no approved guideline for pharmacotherapy of pregnant women infected with hepatitis C (HCV), however recent evidence suggests that lowering the maternal viral load could correlate with lower likelihood of HCV transmission to the fetus. To assure and further develop the effective and safe pharmacotherapeutic approaches for treatment of HIV and HCV in pregnancy with respect to fetal safety, it is essential to understand mechanisms of placental transfer of anti(retro)viral drugs. In this Dissertation thesis we focused on molecules derived from nucleosides (anti-HIV abacavir, emtricitabine, zidovudine, tenofovir disoproxil fumarate and anti-HCV...
|
|
|
The ex vivo effects of selected silymarin flavonolygnans on isolated rat aorta
Sloukgi, Tatiana ; Pourová, Jana (advisor) ; Mladěnka, Přemysl (referee)
Charles University Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology Student: Tatiana Sloukgi Supervisor: PharmDr. Jana Pourová, Ph.D. Title of Diploma Thesis: The effect of Silymarin Flavonolignans and their sulfated conjugates on blood vessels ex vivo. Silymarin flavonolignans have recently shown some positive effects on the cardiovascular system. In this work, we studied the vasodilatory effect on rat aorta ex vivo of three silymarin conjugates, silybin A-20-sulfate, silybin B-20-sulfate and 2,3- dehydrosilychristin-19-O-sulfate, and one parent flavonolignan 2,3- dehydrosilychristin. For each substance, a concentration response curve was created and the concentration that produces 50% of maximum relaxation was determined (EC50). All substances exerted very low or no vasodilatory activity. Finally, we focused on the mechanism of action of silybin A. We tested whether its vasorelaxant activity depends on the presence of intact endothelium. The vasorelaxant effect of silybin A on isolated rat aorta ex vivo was clearly endothelium-dependent.
|
|
|
Preparation of a novel method for screeing of cobalt chelators
Moravcová, Monika ; Mladěnka, Přemysl (advisor) ; Karlíčková, Jana (referee)
Charles University Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology Student: Monika Moravcová Supervisor: Assoc. Prof. Přemysl Mladěnka, Pharm.D., Ph.D. Title of thesis: Preparation of a Novel Method for Screening of Cobalt Chelators Cobalt as a structural part of the vitamin B12 is an essential microelement for living organisms including humans. However, its excess is associated with pathological conditions. Cobalt poisoning can be caused for example by exposure to cobalt metal dust during the production of hard metals or follow the corrosion of metal hip prosthesis. Patients intoxicated by cobalt can develop different manifestations including neurological impairment, hypothyroidism or cardiomyopathy. The aim of this work is to prepare a standardized, rapid, cheap but precise method for the screening of cobalt chelators. For this purpose, spectrophotometric detection using 1-nitroso-2-nafphhol-3,6-disulfonic acid disodium salt as the indicator was used. Firstly, it was found that the addition of cobalt ions led to a clear bathochromic shift of the maximum absorbance of the indicator. The relationship between the absorbance and cobalt concentration was highly linear from 470 to 560 nm at all 4 tested pH conditions (4.5, 5.5, 6.8 and 7.5). The sensitivity of the method...
|
|
|
Chelation of copper ions by thiol containing chelators
Kladivová, Andrea ; Mladěnka, Přemysl (advisor) ; Carazo Fernández, Alejandro (referee)
Charles University Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology Student: Andrea Kladivová Consultant: Václav Tvrdý, MSc. Supervisor: Assoc. Prof. Přemysl Mladěnka, PharmD., Ph.D. Title of diploma thesis: Chelation of copper ions by thiol containing chelators Copper is an essential trace element that is important for many physiological functions. On the other hand, disruption of copper homeostasis associated with its elevated level is dangerous for the organism, because of the formation of free radicals. Copper chelators can represent an effective tool in the treatment of such conditions. Due to the ability of a thiol group to bind metal ions and form a chelate, thiol containing chelators are promising compounds for the reduction of copper levels. Within this diploma thesis, four compounds containing a thiol group were tested for the ability to chelate copper ions. Spectrophotometric measurement was used for this determination. It is a simple, fast but precise method for determination of the chelation properties in vitro. In addition, the ability of these compounds to reduce cupric ions was examined. When using the basic hematoxylin method, all the tested substances proved they can chelate copper. Their efficacy was practically identical except for the...
|
|
|
Screening of novel chelators of microbiogenic metals
Catapano, Maria Carmen ; Mladěnka, Přemysl (advisor) ; Hrdina, Radomír (referee) ; Musiol, Robert (referee)
Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Candidate: Maria Carmen Catapano, MSc. Supervisor: Assoc. Prof. Přemysl Mladěnka, PharmD., Ph.D. Co-supervisor: Assoc. Prof. Laura Mercolini, Ph.D. Title of Doctoral Thesis: Screening of novel chelators of microbiogenic metals Iron, copper and zinc are microbiogenic elements which play crucial roles in a series of physiological processes in human organism. Homeostasis of these transition metals is strictly regulated since, among others: a) free or loosely bound iron or copper can catalyse the production of hydroxyl radical; b) lack of zinc but also of the previously mentioned metals is associated with significant impairments. Hereditary hemochromatosis, transfusion-induced secondary iron overload and Wilson's disease are known as pathological conditions associated with metal overload in the organism. Chelator agents have vital relevance for the treatment of these impairments. There are also numerous diseases with homeostatic imbalances in iron, copper and or zinc: neurodegenerative diseases, cardiovascular diseases, cancer and diabetes mellitus. Different chelating compounds have been examined for the treatment of these impairments. The aim of this doctoral thesis was to perform a screening of metal...
|
|
|
The influence of polyphenolic compounds and their metabolites on platelet activation
Applová, Lenka ; Mladěnka, Přemysl (advisor) ; Bultas, Jan (referee) ; Šimůnek, Tomáš (referee)
Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Candidate: Applová Lenka, MSc. Supervisor: Assoc. Prof. Přemysl Mladěnka, PharmD., Ph.D. Title of Doctoral Thesis: The influence of polyphenolic compounds and their metabolites on platelet activation Blood aggregation is a very difficult and complex process, in which platelets play crucial role. On the other hand, their activation is excessive and therefore undesirable under pathophysiological conditions. Cardiovascular diseases are the most common cause of mortality in developed countries and unfortunately, despite significant advances in treatment, the Czech Republic remains in mortality from these diseases behind most Western European countries. Epidemiological studies suggest, that higher intake of (iso)flavonoids is associated with reduced cardiovascular mortality. It is also worth mentioning, that the Czech Republic is among European countries with the lowest content of flavonoids in diet. The aim of this doctoral thesis was to find out, if polyphenolic compounds, especially (iso)flavonoids and/or their metabolites, are able to influence platelet aggregation and thus indirectly to support epidemiological findings, i.e. whether there may be a link between these substances and possible positive...
|
|
|
Effect of cholinesterase inhibitors on monoaminergic system and energic metabolism
Nowak, Tereza ; Mladěnka, Přemysl (advisor) ; Štěpánková, Šárka (referee)
Charles University Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology Student: Tereza Kalinová Supervisor: Assoc. Prof. Přemysl Mladěnka, Pharm.D., Ph.D. Mentor: Assoc. Prof. Jana Hroudová, Pharm.D., Ph.D. Title of diploma thesis: Effect of cholinesterase inhibitors on monoaminergic system and energy metabolism Cholinesterase (ChE) inhibitors play an essential role in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD). They effect positively cognitive, functional and behavior symptoms of AD. Up to date, donepezil, rivastigmine and galantamine represent the only ChE inhibitors approved for AD treatment. The first ChE inhibitor was tacrine, which was withdrawn from market due to its toxicity and adverse effects. Recently, novel tacrine and 7-methoxytacrine (7-MEOTA) derivatives were synthetized and extensively investigated to find less toxic compounds affecting pathological mechanisms associated with development of AD. There is less known about effects of these drugs on mitochondrial functions and cellular energy metabolism. The aim of this project is to examine in vitro effects of ChE inhibitors on energy metabolism and cellular respiration, specifically on mitochondrial electron transport chain complexes and an enzyme of the citric acid cycle - citrate synthase. Inhibitory effects...
|
|
|
Transcriptomic analysis of cutaneous inflammatory biomarkers in a mouse model of small fiber neuropathy
Benčová, Simona ; Mladěnka, Přemysl (advisor) ; Smutný, Tomáš (referee)
Charles University Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Student: Simona Benčová Supervisors: Dr. Claire Demiot, Dr. Aurore Danigo Assoc. Prof. Přemysl Mladěnka, Ph.D Title of diploma thesis: Transcriptomic analysis of cutaneous inflammatory biomarkers in a mouse model of small fiber neuropathy. Peripheral neuropathy is an expanding public health problem conditioned by various diseases and associated with several adverse effects such as the occurrence of chronic pain or increased risk of pressure ulcers (PUs). The aim of this study is to explore, whether the inflammatory state of the skin is modified during peripheral neuropathy and in the course of the formation of a pressure ulcer. The transcriptomic analysis was performed with two different models of mice: PU model and uninjured model, to determine genes that differ in expression and in particular, those involved in inflammation. Small fiber neuropathy was induced in young mice by intraperitoneal injection of resiniferatoxin (50 µg/kg, i.p.) - transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) agonist. PUs were induced by applying two magnetic plates on the dorsal skin. Gene expression was obtained based on RNA microarray and the results were subsequently verified by qPCR. The transcriptomic analysis of PU...
|
guest ::
