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The effect of fertilization on potato tuber yield
Mikula, Václav ; Černý, Jindřich (advisor) ; Šárka, Šárka (referee)
Potatoes are the fourth worldwide most important crop for human nutrition after rice, wheat and maize. In the Czech republic growing of potatoes has a tradition and a huge food significance. In last years importatnt decline of growing areas have taken place and the area has stabilized on a little less than 30 000 ha, and average yield on 20 t.ha-1. Experimentally was achieved yield of 120 t.ha-1 thus the potatoes can perform importatnt part in solving shortage of food.
The aim of this thesis was to evaluate the impact of different fertilizers on potato tuber yield under different soil-climatic conditions. This thesis is a part of long-term stationary experiments which was established in 1996 on five sites with different soil-climatic conditions, but deals only with Suchdol, Humpolec and Hněvčeves. Three crops (potatoes, winter wheat, spring barley) are rotated on each site within the experiment under different fertilizers, using organic fertilizers, mineral fertilizers and the combination of them.
In Suchdol site the biggest yields were obtained in the Manure (22,8 t.ha-1) and NPK (22,3 t.ha-1) plots and resulted in higher yield by 8,1 % and by 5,7 % over control, respectively. Small differences were probably caused by high natural soil fertility. In Humpolec application of sewage sludge and nitrogen resulted in yield higher by 34,5 % (yielding 19,5 t.ha-1) and by 22,8 % (yieling 17,8 t.ha-1) over control. The lowest yield was obtained after application of manure, yield declined by 9,7 % under control. In Hněvčeves application of NPK and N+straw resulted in higher yield by 129,5 % (yielding 28,0t.ha-1) and by 112,3 % (yielding) over control, respectively.
Plots fertilized by the half dosage of manure and nitrogen to preceding crops always belonged to top 3 plots. Due to different soil-climatic conditions diverse fertilizers can be recomended. Manure for Suchdol site, sewage sludge for Humpolec and NPK for Hněvčeves.
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