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Process of treating obsessive-compulsive disorder in children and adolescents
Mašková, Viktorie ; Maulisová, Alice (referee)
This rigorous thesis focuses on methods that treat obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) in children and adolescents. The literature review contains basic nformation about OCD in children and adolescents and a summary of the aspects concerning the process of treating mental disorders in this population. Following this is a summary of therapeutic methods in OCD- affected children and adolescents as found in scientific literature. Furthermore, there is a chapter describing the situation in the Czech Republic regarding care for children and adolescents with OCD in contrast to care practices available in the USA. The research consists of two parts, both qualitative in character. It aims to gain insight into psychotherapeutic and psychiatric practices in the context of treating OCD in children and adolescents using semistructured interviews as a method of gathering data in both cases. The data acquired in the first part of the research is analyzed using thematic analysis. The data in the second part is presented casuistically and analyzed holistically. Results of the first part describe which key themes of the process of treating OCD in children and adolescents are common among pedopsychiatrists and psychologists, which therapeutic approach is regarded as best by certain experts, and what limits they perceive in...
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Complex Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder in Individuals with ADHD
Pertlová, Klára ; Záplatová, Klára (advisor) ; Maulisová, Alice (referee)
This bachelor's thesis focuses on the diagnosis of Complex Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (Complex PTSD), which appears officially in the new version of the International Classification of Diseases, 11th Revision (ICD-11). Complex PTSD is then associated with Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). The theoretical part of the thesis briefly introduces the diagnosis of PTSD and particularly delves into the issues of complex trauma, especially concerning childhood experiences. Additionally, the thesis presents the ADHD syndrome and, in the final chapter, explores studies that investigate the co-occurrence of PTSD/Complex PTSD and ADHD, along with treatment approaches for both diagnoses. The empirical part includes a proposed research project whose main objective is to determine whether the symptomatology of Complex PTSD is more prevalent in adults with ADHD compared to individuals without this diagnosis. Another important aspect of the research is to investigate whether childhood traumatic experiences are linked to the symptomatology of Complex PTSD. For this purpose, the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ), the International Trauma Questionnaire (ITQ), and the Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale (ASRS) will be utilized. Studies examining the symptomatology of PTSD and Complex PTSD in individuals...
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Association between Motor and Cognitive Development in Preschool Children
Brodská, Kateřina ; Musálek, Martin (advisor) ; Maulisová, Alice (referee)
The thesis focuses on the relationship between motor constructs from Stodden's model, and cognitive development in preschool-age children. The objective of the study is to determine the significance of these relationships within the structural model. The theoretical background of cognitive and motor development in preschool-age children is described in the literature review section, followed by an overview of the current state of knowledge in the field of professional literature. The empirical part is designed as a quantitative research study with the aim of investigating the extent of the relationships between motor constructs and cognitive development. Data on cognitive functions were collected through the use of the IDS-P method's subtest. The level of motor skills was assessed using internationally recognized motor tests and methods, namely TGMD-2 (Test of Gross Motor Development) and MCA (Motor Competence Assessment). The results indicated possible significantly positive correlations between motor competencies and selective thinking, as well as between motor competencies and conceptual thinking. Negative correlations were found between physical activity and phonological memory, as well as between physical fitness and selective attention. Additionally, as hypothesized, there was a relationship...
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Relationship between brain asymmetry and performance in dichotic listeing in patients with epilepsy
Mikysková, Karolína ; Javůrková, Alena (advisor) ; Maulisová, Alice (referee)
The bachelor thesis deals with dichotic listening (DL) as a non-invasive tool to determine the direction and degree of functional asymmetry of the brain hemispheres for processing speech stimuli and its use in patients with epilepsy. The literature review section focuses primarily on DL with verbal stimuli, summarizes existing knowledge on the reliability and validity of DL, provides information on the differences between various DL paradigms, and discusses variables that may influence performance in a DL task. It further describes the differences between individuals with epilepsy (especially temporal lobe epilepsy) and neurologically healthy individuals - concerning their lateralization of speech functions in the brain and overall performance in DL. In the second part, it proposes a quantitative research project with the aim of examining differences in overall performance and direction and degree of hemispheric lateralization for processing verbal stimuli (in the form of a laterality index) in DL with syllables as stimuli between patients with epilepsy (left hemisphere temporal lobe, right hemisphere temporal lobe, and extratemporal lobe) and healthy individuals. Furthermore, it aims to investigate the relationship between these two variables (overall performance and laterality index) in healthy...
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Monitoring one's own activity using digital technologies in treatment of eating disorders
Eliášová, Marie ; Papežová, Hana (advisor) ; Maulisová, Alice (referee)
The diploma thesis approaches the issue of monitoring one's own activity using digital technologies in the context of eating disorders. The aim of the research part is to use a non- interventional quantitative quasi-experimental study to map the impact of using a smart watch, i.e. a specific type of monitoring tool that monitors daily physical activity, on selected areas of treatment for eating disorders. The treatment was assessed in terms of general symptomatology, excessive exercise, regulation of emotions and overall assessment of therapy. Data collection was carried out at the Center for Eating Disorders at the Psychiatric Clinic of the 1st Faculty of Medicine of Charles University and the General University Hospital in Prague. The research compared scores obtained at two time points, based on the use of smart watches patients with an eating disorder (n = 35) were divided into two groups in the analysis. The statistical analysis of the data showed that patients using smart watches did not achieve statistically significantly more severe manifestations of eating disorders, even during specialized treatment. However, it seems that the group using smart watches shows a tendency towards more severe manifestations in the area of general symptoms and excessive exercise. Key words eating disorders;...
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Divorce and post-divorce communication between parents and adolescent psychosocial development
Smužanica, Kateřina ; Šporclová, Veronika (advisor) ; Maulisová, Alice (referee)
The goal of the diploma thesis is to outline the possible connections of divorce or separation and the subsequent communication between the parents and selected areas of psychosocial development of adolescents, especially with their well-being. The part dedicated to literature review gradually introduces adolescent development, family breakdown in the Czech Republic and subsequently, the topic of conflict and family breakdown in relation to adolescents. The topics are set in the context of current research findings. This part also comments on the circumstances and strategies, which help adolescents to cope with the situation. The empirical part presents a study focusing on the connection between the level of conflict between the parents at the time of separation, the age of the adolescent, and well-being. The collected sample provided no significant connection between the three aspects. Possible reasons are discussed. Key words: Adolescent; psychosocial development; divorce; break-up; parents; conflict; well- being
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Body Image and body dissatisfaction
Procházková, Jana ; Maulisová, Alice (referee)
Title: Body image and body dissatisfaction Author: Mgr. Jana Procházková Department: Department of Psychology, Charles University, Faculty of Arts Abstract This thesis deals with the topic of body image and bodily dissatisfaction with a focus on gender aspects, weight problem, obesity and eating disorders. It has two main parts - theoretical and empirical. The theoretical part focuses on the term body image as a psychological concept that is a component of self- concept. For that reason, there is a definition of the overall self-concept and the difference between the real self and the ideal self. This part of the thesis stresses out the theoretical basis of the term. An important part is a chapter describing factors influencing a development of the bodily self-concept that influences the development and extent of bodily dissatisfaction. I talk about the current western society and its high standards on a physical appearance for both men and women. The thesis then deals with possible consequences of this dissatisfaction on human behavior, again with respect to the gender differences. The thesis also mentions human sexuality that is related to one's relationship with their own body. I talk about the eating disorders and obesity problems. In the end of the theoretical part there are some possibilities for...
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Perception of friendship in children with lighter form of autism spectrum disorder
Vysocká, Julie ; Šporclová, Veronika (advisor) ; Maulisová, Alice (referee)
This thesis deals with friendship in children with autism spectrum disorder. The literature indicates that the friendships of children with ASD are of lower quality than the friendships of neurotypical peers. High-quality friendships act as protection against bullying, which children with ASD are exposed to more often than typically developing children. Children with ASD may encounter problems with loneliness, bullying or difficulties in establishing and maintaining friendships in their journey to make friends. The aim of this work was to compare the quality of friendships between children with ASD aged 11 to 15 and their neurotypical peers and to gain deeper insight into the perception of friendships of children with ASD. The Friendship Qualities Scale (Bukowski et al., 1994) was used to compare the quality of friendship. A significantly lower score for scale help was found. No significant difference was found between children with and without ASD in the other scales. It was also found that children with ASD have significantly fewer friends than children without the disorder. A semi-structured interview with five respondents was used to explore the perception of friendship among children with ASD. The thematic analysis showed that for children with ASD, a friend is someone they can rely on, with...
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Parents about Children and Adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorders in Relation to the Covid-19 Pandemic
Doubravová, Nikola ; Kolečková, Tereza (advisor) ; Maulisová, Alice (referee)
(in English): The thesis is focused on behavioral problems in children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorders from the parents' perspective, in the context of the covid-19 pandemic. It is precisely this specific population that is particularly vulnerable in the context of the pandemic and the measures associated with it. The reason for that is higher emotional reactivity, clinging to routines and stereotypes and poorer ability to adapt to changes, which are some of the typical manifestations of ASD. In the literary-overview part, the thesis deals with the classification and manifestations of ASD, its prevalence and etiology, development, diagnosis and intervention options. It also maps current knowledge regarding the impact of the pandemic on mental health and mentions current research focused on the problematic behavior of children with ASD from the perspective of their caregivers in the context of the covid-19 pandemic. The goal of the research part is to compare behavioral problems before the pandemic and during its beginning in the spring of 2020. For this, a newly created problem behavior questionnaire is used that is sent to clients and employees of the National Institute for Autism (Nautis). Respondents, mostly parents of children with ASD, evaluate 21 statements regarding their...
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Pediatric Clinical Oncopsychology
Janda, Tadeáš ; Maulisová, Alice (referee)
The aim of this rigorous thesis is to present the theoretical basis and practical applications of pediatric clinical oncopsychology. The literary briefing section is divided into five chapters. The first chapter presents the general medical characteristics of childhood malignancies and the principles of treating pediatric oncology diseases. The second chapter captures key findings of developmental psychology to ontogenesis in childhood and adolescence. The third chapter focuses on the psychosocial aspects of oncological treatment and psychological interventions applied during this treatment. The fourth chapter deals with the use of psychodiagnostics in pediatric oncology. The fifth chapter deals with palliative care in pediatric oncology and the psychological context of the child's death and family bereavement. Qualitative research consists of a set of six descriptive case reports of patients and their parents who are in the acute phase of cancer treatment or are shortly after its completion. The case reports present the experience of these patients and parents with treatment, its course and impacts in a broad psychosocial context. Keywords Pediatric Oncology, Pediatric Hematooncology, Pediatric Oncopsychology, Developmental Psychology, Pediatric Patient, Adolescent Patient, Communication,...
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