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Vliv podávání prášku na mechanické vlastnosti plazmových nástřiků mědi a wolframu
Mušálek, Radek ; Matějíček, Jiří
Nuclear fusion is considered to be a promising energy source for the future. One of the biggest problems which has to be solved is the development of inner wall material of the fusion reactor. For the inner parts which will be exposed to high levels of heat and particle flux, a combination of tungsten layer on copper parts was proposed. Tungsten is refractory material resistant to high heat and particle flux, while copper can efficiently remove heat due to its high thermal conductivity. But high stress concentration on the materials interface can occur due to the thermal expansion coefficient (CTE) mismatch of both materials when exposed to high temperatures. Therefore plasma spraying is promising technology for this application. One of the critical plasma spraying parameters is the carrier gas flow which has to be optimized to ensure proper particle trajectory along the centerline of the plasma flame. Obtained results are currently being used for the development of FGM coatings.
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Tungsten filters
Brožek, Vlastimil ; Matějíček, Jiří ; Neufuss, Karel
Spheroidized tungsten powder was sintered by HIP and BELT methods at 1750°-1950°C. Sintering temperature and sintering pressure, which controls the pore distribution in final products, was optimized by increased hardness of tungsten particles through the formation of unreacted WC ore W2C core. Porosity and permeability of tungsten filters, which application is foreseen in high temperature filtration of metals and melts inorganic substances were measured.
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Plasma spray deposition of tungsten matrix cermets
Brožek, Vlastimil ; Matějíček, Jiří ; Neufuss, Karel
This article describes experimental results of plasma spray deposition of tungsten carbide molten by a water stabilized plasma in a WSP® generator. During the deposition on ceramic or metallic substrates, chemical changes take place: decrease of bonded carbon content and formation of metallic tungsten. In the deposit, tungsten forms a matrix that fixates the unreacted monocarbide WC from the starting powder and hemicarbide W2C formed by the thermal decomposition. the ration of these carbides and the tungsten matrix can be controlled by a complex array of spraying parameters. These parameters, such as starting powder size, injection velocity, feeding distance, spraying distance and cooling mode, are confronted with the final product properties – structure, composition and mechanical properties (hardness and Young’s modulus). The materials presented here reached Young’s moduli between 135 and 250 MPa and microhardness of the matrix around 9.23 GPa.
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Photocatalytic activity of titanium precursors treated in low temperature plasma
Brožek, Vlastimil ; Matějíček, Jiří ; Šrank, Z. ; Mastný, L. ; Janča, J.
In order to obtain compact photocatalytically active materials, the possibility of preparation of new titania forms by oxidation of titanium compounds, having different crystal structures and oxidation degree, was verified. Four model substances were chosen: titanium carbide, nitride, diboride and Ti2O3. These compounds were prepared in the form of high-specific-surface powder, as well as large-area compact free-standing parts by CVD, PVD and especially plasma spraying. After high temperature treatment in a water stabilized plasma, generated by the WSP torch, a measurable photoactivity was observed; this could be further improved by controlled oxidation below 450°C. Oxidation in an RF-generated oxygen plasma appeared more efficient, especially in shorter reaction times. However, the experiments have shown that even keeping the reactor walls at 450°C did not prevent the uncontrolled temperature rise inside, during the reaction of the oxygen plasma with titanium compounds.
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Treatment of tungsten carbide in low temperature plasma
Brožek, Vlastimil ; Matějíček, Jiří ; Neufuss, Karel
Tungsten carbide powder was thermally processed in a water stabilized plasma, using the WSP plasma torch developed in the Institute of Plasma Physics, where the plasma temperatures can reach 30 000 K at the nozzle exit. Oxidation of the molten carbide was suppressed by a nitrogen atmosphere during deposition on substrates positioned immediately above liquid nitrogen level. Analyses of both the deposits and spheroidized particles in the 5 – 63 μm size range determined the W:W2C:WC ratios and mechanical properties.
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Photocatalytic aktivity of plasma treated titanium precursors
Brožek, Vlastimil ; Matějíček, Jiří ; Šrank, Z. ; Mastný, L. ; Janča, J.
Photoactive solid parts of chemical reactors could be produced via plasma deposition of boron carbide and titanium diboride using water-stabilized plasma torch WSP. Photocatalytic effectivity of TiC and TiB2 was measured, as well as those of their oxidation products gained at 450 and 1000°C on air as well as at 450°C in oxygen plasma. Photocatalytic effectivity of all studied substances was compared with those of plasma- treated TiO2 and Ti2O3, whose photocatalytic activity is known from plenty of practical applications.
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Plasma deposition of tungsten coatings
Brožek, Vlastimil ; Matějíček, Jiří ; Neufuss, Karel
Tungsten coatings on steel or ceramic substrates were prepared by water stabilized plasma generator WSP®. It operates on the Gerdien arc principle and produces plasma reaching temperatures up to 28000 K and velocities several Mach at the nozzle exit. Tungsten particles are melted and accelerated to velocities 30-70 m/s in the turbulent plasma that transports them to the substrate, where the particles rapidly solidify, forming characteristic splats and porous coatings. Protection of the molten 20-63 μm tungsten particles against oxidation by argon and acetylene shrouding was found to be inadequate. Therefore, a new method was tested, using hydrogen as a carrier gas in a special, house-built powder feeder. Another modification of the spraying process consisted of admixture of stoichiometric amount of tungsten monocarbide. During melting, it decomposes to W2C and carbon, which oxidizes and forms a protective cloud of carbon monoxide around the particles.
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Behaviour of tungsten carbide during plasma deposition
Brožek, Vlastimil ; Flemr, V. ; Matějíček, Jiří ; Neufuss, Karel
Analysis of the spheroidized tungsten carbide powder prepared by plasma spraying showed marked changes in chemical and phase composition, especially in dependence on particle size. In sub-micrometric or nanometric particles, the bonded carbon content is reduced to nearly zero and increases with particle diameter. Nanometric particles consist of almost pure tungsten. this permits to draw some conclusions about the tungsten carbide decomposition and carbon transport in molten carbide under extreme conditions of plasma melting and deposition onto solid substrates.
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