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Reservations to international human rights treaties
Machoňová Schellongová, Ivana ; Šturma, Pavel (advisor) ; Hofmannová, Mahulena (referee) ; Válek, Petr (referee)
1 Reservations to international human rights treaties Abstract Reservations to human rights treaties have been focus of theory and practice of international law for many years. While the Advisory Opinion of the International Court of Justice on the Reservations to the Genocide Convention and the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties set key parameters for making reservations to international treaties, in particular criteria of compatibility of reservations with the object and purpose of a treaty, many questions remained unanswered. A question whether the regime of the Vienna Convention of the Law of Treaties is appropriate for international human rights treaties, due to the special character of the later, raised to heated debates. Authority of treaty bodies, e.g. committees monitoring implementation of these treaties by their States parties, to decide upon compatibility of reservations with object and purpose of these treaties and consequences of such decision, has been discussed. In the meantime, the treaty bodies, as well as the regional courts, developed a rich jurisprudence in this respect. Finally, the International Law Commission analysed the issue of reservation thoroughly over 18 years, leading to adoption of the Guide to Practice on Reservations to Treaties (2011) clarifying most of the...
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Protection of Human Rights with respect to Activities of Transnational Corporations and other Business Enterprises under International Law
Machoňová Schellongová, Ivana ; Šturma, Pavel (advisor) ; Balaš, Vladimír (referee)
This thesis analyses the current status of international human rights law concerning protection of human rights with respect to activities of transnational corporations and other business enterprises. The first part addresses direct obligations of transnational corporations under international law. The second part maps States obligations to ensure fulfilment of human rights and their protection against third parties violations, including corporations and business enterprises. The third part describes the efforts of international community towards further clarification of responsibility of corporations and other business enterprises, especially the "Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights: Implementing the United Nations "Protect, Respect and Remedy" Framework". The following parts depict some significant universal and regional initiatives and address several specific issues, such as extraterritoriality or crimes under international law. Finally, the thesis outlines current international development in this field.
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