|
|
The effect of soil successional development in spoil heap on plant germination and growth
Pavlíčková, Hana ; Frouz, Jan (advisor) ; Mudrák, Ondřej (referee)
Previous field research show, that late successional species correspond with soil development, especially with organomineral A horizon developing. Aim of my thesis was to compare plant growth on different types of soil from spoil heaps. They were taken from three chronosequencies of different age - nonrecultivated and soils recultivated with planting of alder (Alnus) and spruce (Picea). In my research were used 7 types of plants - Arrhenatherum elatius, Centaureae jacea, Festuca rubra, Lychnis flos-cuculi, Lotus corniculatus, Plantago major, Trifolium medium. Spontaneous sites support more species than reclaimed ones this difference increase with plot age without distinct difference between early and late succession species. Key words Succession, recultivation, germination alder (Alnus), spruce (Picea), Arrhenatherum, Centaureae, Festuca, Lychnis, Lotus, Plantago, Trifolium.
|
|
|
Spontaneous succession and its role in vegetation recovery of post mining sites and other disturbed areas
Dobešová, Alena ; Frouz, Jan (advisor) ; Mudrák, Ondřej (referee)
Ecosystem restoration is vitally important, to return ecosystem in acceptable stage after anthropogenic disturbance. Spontaneous succession when disturbed area spontaneously recovers over time can be also considered as restoration method. This will restore vegetation cover, the interactions between biotic and abiotic components of the ecosystem, energy transfer, nutrient cycling and other important functions. In this thesis, I examined the influence of environmental variables on the cover of vegetation during succession. It was a mean annual temperature, mean annual precipitation, pH and soil types. The optimal course of succession appears to be a large increase of coverage at an early stage and its basically unchanged trend in other stages of succession. This was achived with an average annula temperature of 7řC, with an annual rainfall of 900 mm at pH 5 and the light and heavy soils. Key words: spontaneous succession, vegetation recovery, vegetation cover, disturbed areas
|
|
|
Current occurrence of eyebright (Euphrasia) in the Krkonoše (Giant) Mountains and the evaluation of the effect of the time of mowing
Blahník, Jan ; Krahulec, František (advisor) ; Mudrák, Ondřej (referee)
At the time the Black and Red List of the Vascular Plants of the Krkonoše (Giant) Mountains was being compiled it was found that no information was available about the distribution of eyebright (Euphrasia) or other facts concerning this hemiparasite growing in the Krkonoše. The aim of this work was to fill the gap. This was to be done by creating a GIS layer with the current distribution of eyebright in the mountains, by analysing the soils taken in places of eyebright occurrence, in neighbouring places and those closely resembling them but without eyebright. The soils were taken each time from five places in the particular locality and were analysed as a mixed sample. In all, 107 mixed soil samples were taken, of which 53 in places where eyebright occurred and in 54 similar places where eyebright was absent. Eyebright grows in places with a higher pH and it performs better in lower available phosphorus concentration. Management test was used to test the earlier time of mowing meadows containing eyebright, when a larger number of flowering eyebright occurs among the plants in comparison with the number of flowering eyebright on surfaces mown at a later time.; Management testing was carried out from June to July 2011 in six localities, with five plots in each locality, in the Eastern and Western...
|
|
|
The effect of habitat continuity and management on species composition and diversity
Hubáčková, Barbora ; Münzbergová, Zuzana (advisor) ; Mudrák, Ondřej (referee)
Semi-natural grasslands of the eastern Moravia have big potential to host species-rich plant communities. However, changes in land-use during the second half of the last century were rapid and vast and many grasslands had been ploughed over. In the early 80s some arable lands were sown with low diversity clover-grass mixture and transferred back to grassland. Restoration of grasslands on former arable fields is a major challenge. Their colonisation by grassland species may be complicated by initial seeding productive low diversity seed mixtures. The aim of this study was to estimate differences in species composition and species diversity between ex-arable artificially seeded grasslands and fragments of grasslands with continuity over 70 years in the north part of White Carpathian Mts., SE Czech Republic and identify species traits limiting species ability to colonize the ex-arable grasslands. Target plant species (total of 137) were surveyed on 66 grasslands. Surveyed grasslands were according to continuity and type of management. Coordinates of centroids from each polygon (i. e. surveyed grassland) were used to treat the spatial correlation of the surveyed grasslands. The effect of continuity on species composition and diversity was tested after accounting for differences in the management and...
|
|
|
Ant succession in post mining sites
Hovorková, Marie ; Frouz, Jan (advisor) ; Mudrák, Ondřej (referee)
Succession is often studied by using a chronosequence. When using a chronosequence we study a set of sites with different ages at the same time and by comparing them we conclude what kind of changes occurred during time (space for time substitution). Only a few studies however compare how results obtained by using a chronosequence differ from those obtained by long-term studies. In my theses I repeated a study that investigated succession of ant communities on brown coal mining spoil dumps in Sokolov district after 19 years. There are chronosequences of two types of sites (spontaneous succession and recultivation) in Sokolov coal mining district. By repeating the original study I could compare changes that occurred du- ring time with changes along a chronosequnce. Relationship between occurrence of ant groups with different ecological requirements and age of site was also investigated. RDA model and variation partitioning were used to find out statistical significance between sites and their age. An increase in number of species was recorded on the spoil dumps. 22 ant species were found in the year 2020, from which 5 species were new on the dumps. All the new species are specialists, two of them are dendrophilous. A statistically significant increase in abundance of forest species with site age was...
|
|
|
The effect of earthworms on plant communities
Čápová, Kateřina ; Frouz, Jan (advisor) ; Mudrák, Ondřej (referee)
The thesis provides a literature review, which mainly deals with the distinction of short-term and long-term effect of earthworms on the soil. The work describes the whole process of succession, succession on dump, the research part is carried out on land from dumps. The influence of plants on soil and the influence of soil on plants are described. As well as the effects of biota on soil and soil on biota. In particular, the effect of earthworms on the area and the distinction between short-term and long-term earthworm effects are described. The research part deals with the distinction between short-term and long-term effects of earthworms on the soil and plant growth. Above all, a detailed analysis of the soil on which the pot experiment took place. Aboveground and underground biomass and growth of early and late successive plant species were examined, as well as soil pH, conductivity, microbial respiration, PLFA, ergosterol, determination of NO3-, P, carbon, nitrogen, sulfur and C: N ratio. Thanks to these analyzes, we can better distinguish our investigative issue. The results of my work showed a significant effect of both the immediate presence of earthworms and long-term presence on plant growth and microbial activity. These interactions have been shown to have a complicated pattern during...
|
|
|
The growth of leguminous plants during primary succession in post-mining sites
Zedníková, Petra ; Frouz, Jan (advisor) ; Mudrák, Ondřej (referee)
Post-mining sites are characterized by unfavorable conditions limiting the rapid development of natural vegetation, which is particularly low nitrogen in the soil. Plants with symbiotic nitrogen fixation can be used for reclamation these degraded areas because they increase the nitrogen content in soil and accelerate the primary succession on the dump. The aim of this study was to evaluate the growth of three species of plants of the family Fabaceae, namely red clover (Trifolium pratense), bird's foot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus) and bird wetch (Vicia cracca), in differently old soils from dumps that were reclaimed and compare them to the growth in soils from areas that developed by spontaneous succession. Furthermore, to compare the changes in the growth of these species of plants in a situation where they grew separately in the soil compared to the growth in competition with grass (Poa compressa). Another aim was to evaluate the influence of the growth of these plants on soil properties during primary succession on the basis of measurement of various parameters in soil. The mentioned species of plants were sown into the sifted soils taken from the Velká podkrušnohorská výsypka after brown coal mining near Sokolov. The growth took place in a greenhouse for 5 months. Subsequently, above-ground and...
|
|
|
Final report about research in Sokolov post mining sites in 2018 based on agreement between ENKI ops and Institute of Soil Biology BC CAS
Frouz, Jan ; Mudrák, Ondřej ; Sun, Daquan ; Müllerová, V. ; Ardestani, Masoud Mortazavi ; Zeníková, P. ; Veselá, H. ; Veselá, M. ; Cejpek, J. ; Dvorščík, P. ; Hnilička, F. ; Jačka, L. ; Walmsley, A. ; Kučera, J. ; Bednářová, E. ; Buchbauerová, L. ; Reinshmitová, E. ; Vicentini, Fabio ; Baldrian, Petr ; Lin, Qiang
The report brings main results of the research about soil and ecosystem recovery in post mining landscape near Sokolov based on agreement between ENKI ops and Institute of soil biology, BC CAS.
|
|
|
Final report about research in Sokolov post mining sites in 2017 based on agreement between ENKI ops and Institute of Soil Biology BC CAS
Frouz, Jan ; Mudrák, Ondřej ; Kučera, J. ; Tejedor, Javier ; Kaneda, S. ; Reinshmitová, E. ; Šimáčková, H. ; Albrechtová, J. ; Lhotáková, Z. ; Kukla, J. ; Kopecký, T. ; Vindušková, O. ; Moradi, J. ; Vicentini, Fabio ; Benetková, P. ; Pižl, Václav ; Tajovský, Karel ; Starý, Josef
The report brings main results of the research about soil and ecosystem recovery in post mining landscape near Sokolov based on agreement between ENKI ops and Institute of soil biology, BC CAS.
|
|
|
The effect of N fertilization on plant growth during primary succession
Müllerová, Věra ; Frouz, Jan (advisor) ; Mudrák, Ondřej (referee)
Nitrogen as the fourth most educated element of living organisms and the limiting factor of the aquatic and terrestrial ecosystem is still a major problem for scientists around the world. Today, developed countries are able to store their inputs in the form of depositions in the same values, but there is a question of long-term effects of chronic nitrogen add-ons. The aim of the thesis is to compare the effect of long-term and one-time fertilization on various plant species, especially on grass and nitrogen fixation plants in relation to the age of the soil on which they grow. This connection will be investigated by the ANOVA method in a practical experiment on selected plants growing on different old soils that have been or have not been fertilized for long periods with nitrogen. As model organisms, I chose a nitrogen fixing device, Lotus corniculatus, and Festuca rubra an unstable plant, which is also a representative of the grass. One-off fertilization had a positive effect on the growth of above-ground biomass on all plants. We have a different impact according a type of plant on long-term fertilization. In this case, I recommend more detailed testing of a wider sample of plants.
|
guest ::
