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Perception and Interpretation of Fractions by Pupils in the 5th Grade of Primary School
Vašíčková, Jana ; Tichá, Marie (advisor) ; Macháčková, Jana (referee)
The essential part of this diploma thesis is a classification of works obtained from an investigation aimed on determination of conceptions of fractions by pupils in the fifth form of the primary school. The experiment consists of four tasks, which were given to children in four different classes. I have classified produced works according to bases of division, which I had established. Mainly concerned classifications are the thematic classifying, classifying in accordance with the "type of children's works" and classifying based on occurred interpretations of fractions. I was trying to find such criterions that would state in evidence of what conceptions and knowledge of fractions do the pupils in the fifth form have. According to gained results I think that I fulfilled this goal. When I was sorting the works of children, I found out that there is a huge amount of large-scaled works that can become basis for another research.
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Methods for overcoming differences in pace of students in mathematics lessons
Plívová, Anežka ; Havlíčková, Radka (advisor) ; Macháčková, Jana (referee)
- 4 - ABSTRACT This diploma thesis is focused on teacher's strategies in mathematics lessons with different work paces of pupils, specifically pupils with above-average pace. The theoretical part of the thesis summarizes and explains the basic concepts related to the identification of smart and gifted pupils. The next part is focused on models of talent, teaching pupils with above- average pace, as well as a transmissive and a constructivist approach to teaching. The used research method was observation and discussion in focus groups. The basis of the practical part of the diploma thesis is a set of collected information and its arrangement into the so- called typology of teacher strategies when working with a pupil who works at an above- average pace in mathematics lessons with the described advantages or risks of individual strategies. The main goal of this diploma thesis was to collect ways in which the teacher copes with the different paces of students in mathematics lessons, mainly focusing on pupils with above-average work rates. Thesis describes benefits as well as risks that could arise in the application of strategies for the described individual methods. KEYWORDS above-average pace, mathematics teaching, gifted pupil, bright pupil, teacher's strategy
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World of plane and world of space in pre-mathematical literacy
Lorencová, Karolina ; Kaslová, Michaela (advisor) ; Macháčková, Jana (referee)
The diploma thesis deals with the issue of distinguishing and denominating of geometric models by children aged five to six years. The aim of the work is to find out to what extent children are currently able to distinguish the world of the plane and the world of space and to what extent these two worlds merge for children. There are three hypotheses. H1: "Children are able to identify at least half of objects from a set of spatial bodies selected from a construction set.", hypothesis H2: "More than a half of children are confused naming planar and spatial objects." and hypothesis H3: "When identifying some of the objects familiar to children, they come up with their own names for them." To verify them, quantitative research was used, which also used audio recording to get data and to be able analyze the observed phenomena. The research confirmed all of those three these hypotheses. Two thousand two hundred data were analyzed. The work on a sample of hundred children shows what the level of object distinction and naming them is currently among preschool children in the Pilsen region. It opens up a number of other areas that need to be further addressed and lots of questions to be answered. These include mixing the world of space and the plane. KEYWORDS Space; plane; identification of 3D objects;...
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Activities for next expansion with mathematically gifted pupil at the primary school
Reslová, Eliška ; Kloboučková, Jaroslava (advisor) ; Macháčková, Jana (referee)
This diploma thesis is focused on issues connected to possibilities of developement of mathematically talented pupils from the first grade. In the theoretical part there basic terms related to the education of talented pupils in th Czech Republic are summarised and explained. In next part motivation, processes of motivatiom and the most frequent usage of Math competitions as a part of the education in the Czech Republic are presented. The base of the practical part of this diploma thesis is a set of non standardized tasks and problems, whose target is to activate the cognitive developement of talented pupils. Part of the practical part of this thesis is a protocol about an experiment and analysis of the particular tasks and activities for talented pupils. The main aim of this thesis is to emphasise the importance of the developement of talented pupils and compile/form enriching tasks for talented pupils during Maths lessons. KEYWORDS Talent, talent models, motivation, cognitive process, non standardized tasks, aktivity.
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Academic development of students with learning disability at the Faculty of Economics and Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters
MACHÁČKOVÁ, Jana
My diploma work is divided into theoretical and practical part. In theoretical part I engage with particular defect of studying, their types and demonstration. I also deal with their diagnostic and amendment. In the connection to particular defects of studying I also describe the trouble of defect of behaviour, mostly ADHD, including the defect of studying of adults. I also focus on education of individual with the particular defect of studying at university. I describe the system of studying at university with the possibility of advantage for students with particular defect of stuyding. The end of my theoretical part I aim on University of South Bohemia itself, its history and operating of each faculty. In my practical part I deal with analyze of students´branch/programmes of daily studying in two faculties of University of South Bohemia - Faculty of Economy and the Faculty of Fishing. Each subjects which are taught in particular studying branch I analyze and I show the requirements which are needed to pass that subject. After this I try to deduce the charge on students which has been defined on the base of analyze of each students branch in different faculties. It will be confronted with the theoretical piece of knowledge, which relates to needs and rarity of the students with the particular defect of studying while being a student at university.
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Board game stimulating logical thinking of children aged 5 to 7 years
Čtvrtníková, Katrin ; Kaslová, Michaela (advisor) ; Macháčková, Jana (referee)
The bachelor thesis supposed that the preschool children of the age 5-7 are able to play simple table games with rules. The goal is to investigate whether the preschool children in solving the game situations of a particular game"Goblíci jedlíci" are able to apply elements of logical thinking. The qualitative research has been used to prove it. The goal is based on the cognitive and development psychology of preschool age and on possibilities of pre-mathematical literacy. The teoretical part is focused on the preschool development in connection with the main topic of the thesis and the appropriate part of the game theory. The practical part contains the experiments and the data proceeding. For detailed observation and interpretation of the children's reactions and for data processing, description of situations, tabulation and comparison the video documentation has been used. The conclusion contains the core of experiments analysis with disscusion, and recomendations for practice. The experiment proved that children easily understand the rules and play with interest and the majority of them e able to apply some elements of logical thinking after some experience eventhough this ability has not been developed in their previous preschool education. Keywords: logical thinking development; cogitation,...
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Creating images of fraction at the elementary school
Siblíková, Marta ; Tichá, Marie (advisor) ; Macháčková, Jana (referee)
This thesis "Creating images of fraction at the elementary school" is divided into theoretical and practical part. The theoretical part defines the subject matter of fractions in curriculum, deals with a mathematical literacy concept and introduces basic conceptions related to fractions and propaedeutic of fractions at the Primary School. The practical part consists of a preparatory research and a consequential research. The goal of the preparatory research is fractions knowledge mapping on Primary School pupils comparing to an expert knowledge acquired in the theoretical part. The consequential research focuses on confirming results of the preparatory research, respectively preferring the circle model off other models. It also checks if pupils get acquainted with other models (line segment, rectangle, and set of discrete objects). Key words Fraction, propaedeutic, models, representation, primary education, curricula.
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Ways of creativity development in elementary mathematics education
Horáčková, Klára ; Tichá, Marie (advisor) ; Macháčková, Jana (referee)
3 TITLE: Ways of creativity development in elementary mathematics education SUMMARY: This thesis deals with creativity - from a general concept to a more specific perspective - creativity in mathematics lessons and textbooks at elementary schools in relation to the curriculum method and transformation of a number of textbooks towards unique teaching methods. The aim of this thesis is to describe the current situation on a selected sample of experimental groups - elementary school classes (two of them second year and three of them fourth year) which specialize on integration of pupils with specific learning and behavioral disabilities as well as extraordinarily talented pupils and thus provide the broadest possible range of pupils, which enables to find possible links between the used methods and creative teaching approach including creating one's own teaching materials and consequently searching for possible ways to develop creativity of pupils in relation to used methods, textbooks, other materials and forms of work. This thesis uses the following research methods: quantitative and qualitative research, empirical methods - observation, description, analysis. KEYWORDS: creativity, talent, imagination, originality, diagnosis, motivation
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