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Analysis of Gretchen Hagen 3 gene family in tobacco BY-2 cell culture
Helusová, Lenka ; Müller, Karel (advisor) ; Pěnčík, Aleš (referee)
Auxin conjugation is one of the crucial metabolic processes regulating auxin activity in plant cells. Gretchen Hagen 3 (GH3) is a family of acyl amido synthetases that conjugates auxin with amino acids and belongs amongst important enzymes involved in auxin conjugation. Due to the existence of more sensitive methods to detect auxin metabolites and the current study of abiotic stress effects, research on GH3 enzymes is intensified these days. These enzymes are best known in thale cress (Arabidopsis thaliana), soya bean (Glycine max), rice (Oryza sativa). These models don't allow to study their activities in a biochemical way. Therefore, the aim of this work was to monitor the auxin metabolism in the established model tobacco BY-2 cell lines (Nicotiana tabacum). The NtGH3.1 and NtGH3.6 genes, which were shown to have a variability in their expression regulation by auxin, were targeted and mutated using tne CRISPR/Cas9 method. Mutations in the derived lines were detected by sequencing. In the derived lines, auxin metabolic profililing was analysed by LC/MS. Metabolic profiling showed a correlation between the NtGH3.6d form and the specific production of the metabolite oxIAA- Gln (N-(2-onindole-3-acetyl)-glutamine). The study of an eventual substitution of individual GH3 gene forms in mutant lines...
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Formation of market institutions at the turn of 19 and 20 centry in Russia
Zhereb, Alexandra ; Müller, Karel (advisor) ; Šubrt, Jiří (referee)
Diploma thesis "Formation of market institutions in Russia at the turn of 19th and 20th century" discusses the creation of a modern capitalist economy and the market institutions in Russia in the 19th century. The selected period undoubtedly changed not only the social and economic system, but the overall Russian history. In this study, the significant role plays the analysis of trade institutions, which are very important in determining the modern economic system. Also, one of the parts of this thesis is the analysis of social, economic and community development, geographical particularities, international relations and the level of industrialization. The aim of this diploma thesis is to analyse the causes and results of the formation of market institutions in Russia, as the criteria for the transition from traditional to modern society. The thesis also compares the Russian experience with the experience of other European countries.
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