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Design for waste gas cleaning
Kubík, Michal ; Lisá, Hana (referee) ; Baláš, Marek (advisor)
This diploma thesis deals with impurities in waste gases and syngas. Those gases usually have low heating value and contain impurities which are the main issue of those gas fuels. Waste gases and syngas can replace natural gas after right gas treatment. First part is theoretical. It starts with description of biomass and gasification technology. Then the waste gases are described – their origin and usual composition. Next part is dedicated to impurities and is followed by impurities treatment technologies. For removing of almost every type of impurity wet scrubber can be used which is described in detail in following part. There are other types of gas cleaning technologies, so they are described too but not in such detail as wet scrubber. In second part the wet scrubber is designed, and its function is tested by cleaning syngas from fluidized-bed gasifier called Biofluid. During gas cleaning in wet scrubber the influence of water temperature on efficiency of tar removal is examined.
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Methods of Determination of Moisture Content
Bezdíček, Jiří ; Lachman, Jakub (referee) ; Lisá, Hana (advisor)
With the growing interest in the energy use of biomass in the form of solid biofuels, the requirements for determining the moisture content of these fuels are also growing. Moisture is an important factor not only in the production of biofuels, where the moisture values must be ideal, eg in the production of pellets, but also in storage and other processes. The aim of the work was to determine the suitability of methods for determining moisture for various types of solid biofuels. The main subject of interest was fuels with grain structure. A search of the basic distribution of fuels and introduced and new methods for determining moisture was performed. The research was focused on oven drying methods. The result is the determination of the unsuitability of the method of drying scales for fuels with grain structure, the suitability of all investigated methods for wood fuels, the accuracy of the reference method for most fuels and the susceptibility of the analytical method to the homogeneity of the test portion.
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Emissions from biomass combustion
Ptáček, Pavel ; Lisá, Hana (referee) ; Baláš, Marek (advisor)
Bachelor thesis deals with production of gaseous emissions from biomass combustion. It describes how emissions arise and how they affect human health and environment. In experimental part of the thesis emissions were measured and compared for different types of fuel in two combustion devices. Emission classes of combustion devices were also determined.
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Fuel properties: Determination of moisture solid fuels
Tretera, Michal ; Musilová, Petra (referee) ; Lisá, Hana (advisor)
This bachelor's thesis deals with the determination of moisture content in solid fuels. First part contains classification of solid fuels, proximate analysis of solid biofuels and a research of methods for determination of moisture content in solid biofuels. Description of impacts of the moisture content on fuel is included in the proximate analysis. Second part of the thesis is experimental. Thirteen solid biofuels and one solid recovered fuel were measured to obtain their moisture content. The methods used to determine the moisture content include four different drying methods and a xylene distillation method. For each method there are details of the procedure and a summary of the results.
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Question of determination of analgetics in waters
Benešová, Markéta ; Lisá, Hana (referee) ; Vávrová, Milada (advisor)
The bachelor thesis is focused on the optimization of the method for the determination of analgetics in waters. The aim of this work is to work up the methodical procedure for determination of chosen pharmaceuticals i.e. salicylic acid and naproxen in model water samples. Analytes were isolated by solid phase extraction (SPE); they were identified by high performance liquid chromatography with UV-VIS detection of diode – array type (HPLC – DAD). The optimal method was selected from several verified procedures on the basis of practical experience.
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Analysis of the heat utilisation from biogas stations for heating
Kareš, Martin ; Lisá, Hana (referee) ; Milčák, Pavel (advisor)
This bachelor thesis deals with the analysis of the use of heat from biogas stations. The first part describes the production of biogas, its combustion efficiency and the development of energy production thus obtained. In the second part it deals with individual solutions of the application of heat produced and in the last chapter it analyses the balance of the specific solution of heat transfer and its impact on the environment.
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New generation of biofuels
Pražák, Vojtěch ; Lisá, Hana (referee) ; Baláš, Marek (advisor)
This bachelor's thesis deals with different generations of biofuels. Their advantages and disadvantages and problems associated with their use in practice. The first part of the theses focuses on legislation and acquaintance with the issue of biofuels as a whole. The second part is focused on acquaintance and description of individual biofuels with examples of use in practice. At the end of the work there is an analysis of individual generations, representation in the fuel market and their efficiency.
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Agropellets for Combustion
Nejerál, Michal ; Lisá, Hana (referee) ; Lisý, Martin (advisor)
Agropellets are one of the alternative fuels which have been used very often nowadays. Therefore, this thesis deals with the use of agropellets as a fuel. It‘s focused on the generation of emissions during combustion. There are described properties of pollutants released during combustion and properties of agropellets. In a sample of selected fuels, the proportion of chemical composition of elements in the combustible and the calculation of their calorific value are experi-mentally determined. Furthermore, we found out the basic elemental composition of the flue gas, which was measured during combustion on the pilot unit.
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Application of gas chromatography for determination of drug residuals
Sýkora, Richard ; Lisá, Hana (referee) ; Vávrová, Milada (advisor)
Analgesics are nowadays widely used group of drugs in human and also in veterinary medicine. Residuals of these drugs enter surface waters via discharges from the waste water treatment plants as the result of insufficient efficiency of their removal during cleaning process. In this bachelor thesis the possibilities of the analgesics residuals determination in waters using derivatization followed by gas chromatography with mass spectrometric detection were experimentally evaluated. Individual derivatization procedures were compared too. Several derivatization agents were tested and experimental parameters for selected analgesics were optimized (reaction time and temperature, amount of derivatizing agent). Further, several procedures of isolation of target compounds from water based on Solid Phase Extraction were verified. In all cases, gas chromatography with TOF-based mass spectrometric detection acts as final analytical method.
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Conventional and small modular reactors
Vintr, Lukáš ; Lisá, Hana (referee) ; Milčák, Pavel (advisor)
This thesis deals with nuclear energy. It contains a brief history of the development of this industry and provides insight into the process and control of the fission chain reaction used in nuclear reactors. It also describes conventional reactor types and the current state of their use in the world. It then mentions the research objectives set by the Generation IV International forum. Finally, it defines small modular reactors, describes a number of conceptual designs, and presents an analysis of the current state of their development, together with the possibilities of their use for the production of electricity or process heat.
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