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Effect of colorectal cancer screening programs on lethality and incidence from this disease in the Czech Republic modeled by an APC approach
Čady, Ondřej ; Hulíková Tesárková, Klára (advisor) ; Kurtinová, Olga (referee)
This work will first introduce the problems related to the colorectal cancer - its epidemiology and screening possibilities. Next the main topic is addressed - i.e. to ascertain the influence of national screening programmes for colorectal cancer on really observed data of lethality and incidence of this disease. Group of so-called APC models was selected as a useful tool for this purpose. Applying these methods on data of The National Oncological Registry of the Czech Republic for the period between 1980 till 2009 this work aims to prove expected reducing effect of area-wide screening programme on incidence and lethality related to colorectal cancer. Using the AP model and data of previous period before the screening introduction (i.e. 1980-1999) the values of incidence and lethality were predicted for the period in question (i.e. 2000-2009). Mere comparison of this predicted values with really observed data showed that real lethality and incidence was significantly lower in both sexes as compared to the model without the screening intervention. Difference between predicted and real data corroborates positive influence of colorectal cancer screening.
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The development of fertility in the context of populationpolicies in the Netherlands during the period from 1963 to 2006
Kratochvíl, Martin ; Kučera, Tomáš (advisor) ; Kurtinová, Olga (referee)
The aim of this thesis is to describe the development of fertility in the Netherlands during the last half-century and look at it in the context of Dutch population policies in that period. Fertility is represented by the period total fertility rate and some other selected indicators relate to population policies. The second demographic transition theory provides this work with a theoretical basis. The core of the work consists of statistical data analysis, which purpose is to discover and statistically confirm the relationship between the period total fertility rate and population policy mesures implemented by the Dutch governments. Methods used are time series analysis, factor analysis and elements of regression analysis. It was concluded that the influence of most variables on the period total fertility rate cannot be statistically proven. The only indicator that is at least partly related to the period total fertility rate is ratio of female to male hourly wages. The results of this thesis show that the changes in gender equality presumably influence fertility the most.
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Development of the secondary sex ratio in India and China
Aubrecht, Vratislav ; Kurtinová, Olga (advisor) ; Fialová, Ludmila (referee)
Development of the secondary sex ratio in India and China Abstract The main objective of this thesis is to describe the population development and the development of the sex ratio at birth in India and China from 1950 to the present. In the majority of the populations of the world the sex ratio at birth (number of males born per 100 females) has usually values between 104- 106 male live births per 100 female live births, although determining exact borders varies depending on source. In some countries, the sex ratio at birth has risen to unnaturally high values in recent decades. This has happened in East and Southeast, South and West Asia or in Southeast Europe. In those countries, the son preference is deeply rooted. This is determined by many cultural, political, social and economic conditions. When two of the signs of gender discrimination are increasing sex ratio at birth and excessive female infant mortality, it brings a number of demographic consequences, which have further economic and social impact on society. No wonder many governments of the affected countries pay attention to this phenomenon, because those generated problems could affect and in some countries probably will affect society dozens years after sex ratio at birth returns to biologically normal values. Keywords: secondary sex ratio,...
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Unemployment in the Czech Republic and EU: methodology, trends and structure
Čebiš, Tomáš ; Rychtaříková, Jitka (advisor) ; Kurtinová, Olga (referee)
Unemployment in the Czech Republic and EU: methodology, trends and structure Abstract Unemployment is one of the most debated issues of our time. The aim of the thesis is to analyze and describe the development of unemployment in the Czech Republic by demographic attributes and then make a comparison with selected countries of the European Union. The work is divided into theoretical and analytical part. The theoretical part describes the methodology and unemployment. The analytical part deals with the development of unemployment in the Czech Republic from various demographic characteristics using data from the Czech Statistical Office and the Ministry of Labour and Social Affairs. In the second part of the analysis compares the evolution of unemployment in the Czech Republic and in selected European Union countries using data from the European Statistical Office. For the analysis are used appropriate indicators. Keywords: unemployment, methodology, trends, age, sex, education, Czech Republic, European Union
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Mortality in the czech countries in the years 1920-1937 with emphasis on selected infectious diseases
Skalák, Zdeněk ; Fialová, Ludmila (advisor) ; Kurtinová, Olga (referee)
Mortality in the Czech countries in the years 1920-1937 with emphasis on selected infectious diseases Abstract The aim of this work is to analyze mortality rates in the czech countries in the years 1920-1937. We focus on a group of infectious diseases that had in this period in terms of cause of death still a high proportion. The rate of mortality due to infectious diseases is dependent on many aspects, such as the correct detection of the disease, effective vaccines and the level of medicine. It is these causes that brought about the sharp decline in mortality due to infectious diseases in the late 19th century. Hovewer, the First World War interupted this permanent decline and the newly created Czechoslovak state had to deal with relatively high mortality due to these diseases. The inter-war period saw recurrent epidemies of infectious deseases, nevertheless until the Second World War we can see the change in mortality due to causes. The infectious diseases are gradually replaced by modern diseases, especially cancers and diseases of the circulatory system. Key words: mortality, causes of death, infectious diseases, decomposition, classification of causes of death, medical discoveries, the level of health
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Time use dependent on presence of children in household for generation 40s to 70s of the 20th century in the United States of America
Slabá, Jitka ; Kurtinová, Olga (advisor) ; Šťastná, Anna (referee)
Time use dependent on presence of children in household for generation 40s to 70s of the 20th century in the United States of America Abstract: The fertility of women has declined under reproduction level 2.1 children per women in economic developed countries during the last few decades. At the same time the employment of women has risen and time use has changed. Main aim of this thesis is to understand how generations born in 1940-1979 living in the USA changed the spending of their time. The AHTUS data set is analysed by comparing averages of times spent by total work, paid work, unpaid work and child care. The time spent by total work declined between generations born at 40s and 70s. Average time spent by paid work declined too. The men's average time spent by unpaid work increased and women's average time decreased. In spite of fertility decrease between 40s and 70s generations, the women's and men's time spent by childcare extremely increased. The men's time spent by child care increased five times, while women's time spent by child care increased more than three times. The rise of time spent by child care is realized by increasing in primary and secondary activities. Primary activities contain time spent by childcare, secondary activities include all activities where childcare was declared e as a...
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The effect of population policy in Czechoslovakia on fertility in the period of 1950 to 1965
Křesťanová, Jana ; Kocourková, Jiřina (advisor) ; Kurtinová, Olga (referee)
The effect of population policy in Czechoslovakia on fertility in the period of 1950 to 1965 Abstract The main aim of this thesis is to describe the implemented measures of the population policy in Czechoslovakia between 1950 and 1965 and analyze their effect on fertility and on the other components of the population development in its context. The effectiveness of the population policy in this thesis is evaluated on the basis of identified patterns of development of fertility, abortion, marriages and divorce. Most of the adopted measures were not effective, because they had not been forestalled with any solutions to the problems such as unsatisfactory standards of living, high female employment, a lack of knowledge of the methods of modern contraception, and insufficient development of public services, which were completely affecting the population climate. The greatest impact on women's fertility was the approval of the abortion act, which resulted in decrease of number of births. The second significant intervention of population policy appears between 1963 and 1964 by pledging to prolong maternity leave. The fertility increased, but just for a short time. Overall character of the population policy was ineffective. Keywords: Population Policy, Population Climate, Fertility, The Abortion Act, Czechoslovakia
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Active fatherhood as a part of family policy in EU
Rathouská, Kateřina ; Kocourková, Jiřina (advisor) ; Kurtinová, Olga (referee)
Active fatherhood as a part of family policy in EU Abstract The main objective of this thesis is to explore the conditions that determine the active involvement of men in the care of children in European Union member states and to analyze the impact of active fatherhood on the economic activity of women and fertility. A part of this study is a typology of family leaves with regard to the possibilities of fulfilling nature of active fatherhood, analysis of legislative conditions connected to paternity and parental leave as well as analysis of the Eurobarometer 59.1 survey dealing with the attitudes of men to use parental leave and the circumstances of these attitudes. The relationships between the main factors that influence the decision making of men about their participation in the care of the youngest children are analyzed and there is also tested the effect of this decision. In conclusion, the study outlines the development of conditions of childcare by men and summarizes proposals of legislative changes in conjunction of the studied issue in the Czech Republic.
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Regional development of smoking-related mortality in the Czech Republic in 1994-2009
Čejková, Markéta ; Burcin, Boris (advisor) ; Kurtinová, Olga (referee)
Regional development of smoking-related mortality in the Czech Republic in 1994-2009 Abstract This work deals with the development of mortality from smoking-related diseases in the Czech Republic and regions of the Czech Republic in 1994-2009. Analytical part assesses the development of mortality on selected groups of diagnoses or individual causes of death associated with smoking in the Czech Republic. For the regional analysis, six specific diagnoses with the largest share of the total intensity of mortality in the Czech Republic are chosen. The author concludes that the intensity of mortality from all diseases related to smoking decreased among both sexes in all regions, mainly due to decline in mortality from circulatory system diseases. There was observed opposed development of the intensity of mortality from the cause of malignant neoplasm of bronchus, trachea and lungs between the sexes, where there were reduced the level of mortality by men and increased by women. From the results of the analysis it is evident that the areas with the highest intensity of mortality related to smoking are in the north-western Bohemia. Keywords: mortality, causes of death, smoking, Czech Republic, regions
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