National Repository of Grey Literature 29 records found  1 - 10nextend  jump to record: Search took 0.01 seconds. 
Regulation of human adipose tissue gene expression in relation to obesity and insulin resistance
Klimčáková, Eva ; Štich, Vladimír (advisor) ; Kunešová, Marie (referee) ; Vidal, Hubert (referee)
Obesity is associated with insulin resistance (IR) and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Among possible mechanisms leading to IR are increased plasma levels of free fatty acids and Alfred levels of adipokines secreted from adipose tissue (AT). In the first part of the work, we studied obese patients during different nutritional and physical activity interventions. Phenotypic data were related to the expression of AT genes potentially involved in the regulation of insulin sensitivity (IS) and/or low-grade inflammation. We confirmed that aerobic and dynamic strength training improved IS and demonstrated that these interventions do not promote changes in subcutaneous AT gene expression or in plasma levels of adiponectin, interleukin-6, interleukin-1 beta and tumor necrosis factor-alpha, but decrease circulating leptin level. Very low calorie diet followed by low calorie diet and weight maintenance period enhanced IS in obese women and diminished retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) in plasma, but RBP4 mRNA levels were reduced only after very low calorie diet. Our findings indicate that the investigated adipokines, except potentially leptin, might not be mediators of changes in IS induced by lifestyle interventions. In the second part of the work, we investigated the role of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors...
Association of fatty acid composition in serum and / or adipose tissue lipids with lipid and carbohydrate metabolism in obese subjects of different age categories
Metelcová, Tereza ; Kunešová, Marie (advisor) ; Müllerová, Dana (referee) ; Štich, Vladimír (referee)
Obesity is a chronic disease that is caused by many factors. Excessive adipose tissue is involved in the development of metabolic and cardiovascular diseases. Prevention of cardiometabolic risks includes lifestyle arrangement, including an increased intake of omega 3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). In additional to lifestyle factors, genetics factors also significantly contribute to influencing carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. In study A, we monitored 670 subjects (336 girls and 334 boys). Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the FADS1 gene (rs174546, rs174537) was assessed using real-time PCR and then we determined the spectrum of fatty acids (FAs). The results show that SNPs in the FADS1 affect the efficiency of synthesis by affecting the activity of delta 5 desaturase. Abnormal FAs composition can affect cardiometabolic health. Study B examined a cohort of 215 individuals (131 women and 84 men) who participated in both rounds of the Childhood Obesity Prevalence And Treatment (COPAT) project. The individuals were divided into two groups: BMI≤25 kg/mš and BMI≥25 kg/mš. This model was evaluated regardless of sex because the variable sex did not correlate significantly with the variable weight status. The percentage of adipose tissue was used as the second parameter. The second parameter...
Comparison of factors affecting the origin of overweight and obesity at seven years old children and adolescents
Hanusová, Tereza ; Kunešová, Marie (advisor) ; Vignerová, Jana (referee)
This diploma thesis is based on a study of seven year old children Childhood Obesity Surveillance Initiative (COSI) processed by Institute of Endocrinology sponsored by WHO Europe and MZ ČR and on a study of adolescents Childhood Obesity Prevalence And Treatment (COPAT) organized by Institute of Endocrinology sponsored by Norway grants and MŠMT ČR. These studies were focused on the prevalence of overweight and obesity among children and adolescents and on factors possibly related to origin of overweight and obesity. Obesity is a severe chronical multifactorial disease that significantly affects health conditions and development of children. Obesity, as a risk factor, is involved in origin of cardiometabolic problems (II. type diabetes mellitus, ischemic heart disease, hypertension, dyslipidemia), cancer, musculosceletal problems and reproductive system disorders (infertility, hypogonadism, polycystic ovary syndrome, disorders of sexual development in children). Preventive programs, focused on childhood obesity, are important part of health care. These programs are based on results of factors involved in the origin of obesity. The aim of this thesis is determine and compare the prevalence of overweight and obesity in seven year old children and adolescents by classification of Czech republic, WHO...
Monitoring of antropometric characteristics in 7-year children. Relation to family and school environment . WHO project: Monitoring of childhood obesity.
Guttenbergerová, Tereza ; Kunešová, Marie (advisor) ; Pařízková, Jana (referee)
The topic of this diploma thesis is based on European study: Childhood Obesity Surveillance Initiative (COSI). It is WHO Europe project. In the Czech Republic is this project lead by Institute of Endocrinology. The goal of this work is to determine childhood obesity prevalence and to monitor prevalence in relation to family and school environment. Obesity in children is an important health problem, accelerating throughout the world with particularly alarming trends in Europe. It causes a wide range of serious health and social consequences and increases the likelihood of morbidity in children and adults such as dyslipidaemia, hyperinsulimia, hypertension, type 2 diabetes, early atherosclerosis etc. Obesity is also strongly associated with orthopaedic problems and mental disorders, therefore, it is very important to monitor obesity prevalence in childhood. The goal of the work is to determine the prevalence of overweight and obesity in 7-year children in the year 2010 (WHO classification and classification method of Czech republic). Another goal is to find a relation of the anthropometric data to environmental factors - identified by parents of children and representatives of schools (socioeconomic characteristics, eating habits, physical activities etc.). In this diploma thesis were measured 2594...
Role of adiponectin and B-type natriuretic peptide in the regulation of adipose tissue lipolysis
Wedellová, Zuzana ; Štich, Vladimír (advisor) ; Kunešová, Marie (referee) ; Cahová, Monika (referee) ; Horáková, Olga (referee)
Obesity is a most common metabolic disorder worldwide. Prevalence of obesity is consistently growing in all continents during last years. Primarily the increase of incidence of obesity in children is alarming. Obesity is linked to elevated risk of type 2 diabetes, hyperlipidemia, cardiovascular diseases, some cancers and disorders of musculoskeletal system. The cost of the treatment of diseases linked to obesity is annually increasing and obesity represents very important part of costs of health system in developed - and recently also developing - countries. This fact shows the necessity of research in the area of preventive and therapeutic procedures. The development of metabolic disturbances linked to obesity is associated with dysfunction of adipose tissue. Its two main features are: 1) altered secretion of specific substance with hormonal or paracrinne charakter (called adipokines) and 2) elevated mobilization of non- esterified fatty acids (NEMK) from adipose tissue and subsequently their increased release into the circulation (1). In our studies we paid attention to the study of lipolysis. The rate of lipolysis is the primary factor that determines the release of NEFA from adipose tissue. We focused to a role of adiponectin and natriuretic peptid type B (BNP) in the regulation of lipolysis in...
Molecular adaptations of adipose tissue in relation to dietary treatment of obesity in human
Tencerová, Michaela ; Štich, Vladimír (advisor) ; Flachs, Pavel (referee) ; Kazdová, Ludmila (referee) ; Kunešová, Marie (referee)
The general goal of this work was to investigate the molecular adaptations of human AT in relation to DIs with respect to its secretory activity as well as cellular composition focused on macrophages population. Specifically, we studied the role of novel adipokines, such as visfatin and RBP4, related to insulin resistance and AT metabolism. Furthermore, we wanted to characterize the effect of the dietary-induced changes on the content of ATM together with metabolic amelioration. In our studies, we found that lifestyle modifications had a beneficial effect on metabolic and biochemical parameters depending on the duration and type of DI. Regarding both of the investigated adipokines, visfatin and RBP4, we revealed modifications at the transcriptional and cirulating levels during DI. However, we did not find any association with the pattern of evolution of insulin resistance. Our findings do not support a clear hypothesis on the role of these adipokines in the diet-induced improvement of insulin sensitivity and other obesity-related metabolic disturbances. In respect to the changes of ATM content during long-term DI, we demonstrated using flow cytometry that the AT composition was changed at the end of the whole dietary intervention (i.e. after WM phase). This diet-induced AT remodelling was expressed by a...
Effect of fatty acids on lipid metabolism and weight reduction
Hlavatý, Petr ; Kunešová, Marie (advisor) ; Müllerová, Dana (referee) ; Flachs, Pavel (referee)
Fat tissue plays a main role in the development of the metabolic syndrome. Many components of the metabolic syndrome may be improved by dietary arrangements, including an increased intake of n-3 PUFA. In addition to the positive effect of n-3 PUFA, a possible effect of a higher calcium intake on influencing weight loss and energy metabolism has also been discussed for a long time. In addition to nutritional factors, genetic factors significantly contribute to influencing weight and lipid and glucose metabolism. In study A, 40 obese women were observed during three weeks of weight reduction management. Women were randomly divided into two groups. The first group received yogurt enriched with n-3 PUFA, and the second group consumed yoghurt without the supplementation. The results show that low-dose supplementation with n-3 PUFA in yogurt in combination with a reduced energy intake increases n-3 PUFA content in serum lipids and prevents adverse changes in the composition of FA in serum after a short-term low-calorie diet. In study B, we monitored the influence of n-3 PUFA supplementation on short-term weight management with VLCD in 20 women with severe obesity, who were randomly divided into two groups. The first group received VLCD enriched with n-3 PUFA, the second group VLCD with a placebo. The addition of...
Underweight in the Czech seven year old children - comparison with overweight and obesity prevalence
Malechová, Anežka ; Kunešová, Marie (advisor) ; Pařízková, Jana (referee)
This diploma thesis is based on the fifth round of the Childhood Obesity Surveillance Initiative (COSI). This study is lead by World Health Organisation and on this study cooperate European countries including the Czech republic. In the Czech republic the study lead by Institute of Endocrinology in collaboration with practical paediatricians since the year 2008. The fifth round of this study took place in the Czech republic in 2019. We collected anthropometric data and characteristic of family and school enviroment from 2289 children 6,5-7,99 years old. Prevalence of underweight according to cut offs of WHO was 2,88% (2,74-3,02), according to National Anthropological Survey (NAS) was 2,27% (1,84- 2,7) and according to International Obesity Task Force was 1,35% (1,13-1,57). Prevalence of underweight was compared with prevalence of underweight in the last rounds of this study and with prevalence of overweight and obesity. Decrease of prevalence of underweight (WHO) in comparsion with last round of COSI study (2016) was significant in boys. We found non- significant increase in underweight prevalence in girls. A mild non-significant decrease of underweight in all children.. Prevalence of overweight and obesity according to cut offs of WHO was 22,24% (22,16-22,32), according to NAS was 18,92%...
Relationship between circadian rhythms and selected biopsychosocial phenomena in healthy and clinical population
Fárková, Eva ; Kopřivová, Jana (advisor) ; Kunešová, Marie (referee) ; Sumová, Alena (referee)
Introduction: Circadian rhythms are typically manifested by individual timing of the sleep-wake cycle, expressed as a specific chronotype. Social jet-lag (SJL) is a phenomenon related to circadian preference as it reflects the phase misalignment of internal biological and external social time. SJL occurs when a person does not have the opportunity to fall asleep and get up in accordance with chronotype. Chronotype and SJL are phenomena that have recently been increasingly associated with the pathogenesis of sleep disorders and many civilization diseases, especially diseases of metabolic system. Aims and objectives: The aims of the thesis were: 1/ To determine chronotype and social jet-lag and observe further links between sex, age, BMI and other parameters in a selected sample of the Czech population across socio-demographic categories. 2/ To find out whether chronotype and the SJL play a role in the treatment of obesity. 3/ To revise the commonly used methods for chronotype assessment (questionnaires and actigraphy) for their future use in the Czech environment. Material and methods: The thesis consists of three follow-up studies (questionnaire, actigraphic and combined). Both subjective and objective methods of chronotype and SJL assessment were used in the thesis. 1) The first study was a...
The latent form of obesity in preschool children, secular changes in body composition
Samešová, Daniela ; Sedlak, Petr (advisor) ; Kunešová, Marie (referee)
The aim of the diploma thesis is to describe and evaluate the relation of mass proportionality and adiposity in the context of secular changes in body composition of Czech preschool children over the last 25 years. The study was conducted in the form of transversal research between years 2016-2018 at seven kindergartens from Prague and its surroundings and one from Ústí nad Labem. 551 children (271 boys, 280 girls), in age of four to six years, were examined. The data was supplemented by a set of 208 children (101 boys and 107 girls), which were part of a pilot study from 2013-2014. In total, the group comprised 759 children. The actual set of individuals was compared with a representative database of Czech preschool children from the 1990s. There was no significant difference in the parameters describing weight proportionality in current preschool children, however the proportion of the individual components of the body composition has changed. The fat component increased significantly in six-year-old boys, five- year-old and six-year-old girls. At the same time, we observed insufficient development of active body mass in relation to the reference group. These trends are also evidenced by the increase in the percentage of latent forms of obesity over the past 25 years. The lack of active movement...

National Repository of Grey Literature : 29 records found   1 - 10nextend  jump to record:
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4 KUNEŠOVÁ, Martina
1 Kunešová, Magdaléna
3 Kunešová, Marcela
4 Kunešová, Martina
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