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Synthesis of Mineral Oils by Oligomeration of 1-alkenes
Porubský, Tomáš ; Kučera, František (referee) ; Petrůj, Jaroslav (advisor)
The theoretical part presents a summary of existing information and procedures for the oligomerization of 1 alkenes. It also introduces suggestion of the new method for preparing poly(1-hexene) by controlled or living polymerization with nitroxyl radicals. In the experimental part was synthesized oligomer of 1-hexene with DBP or AIBN radical initiators and coordination Ziegler-Natta catalysts, which consisted of TiCl4 and organometallic compounds TIBA or TNHA. GC/MS analysis of the radical polymerization reaction mixture, showed no oligomer formation even after 6 hours. Effect of Ti/Al ratio, temperature and type of organoaluminium compund on conversion and molecular weight were investigated. Reaction products were analyzed by 1H NMR and GC/MS spectrometry. Results showed that the obtained oligomer was a mixture of oligomers with a degree of polymerization 2-9 and average molecular weight of 220-270 g/mol. Monomer conversion reached values of 72 98 %.
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Taxation of Incomes arising from the Construction Contract realized in Slovakia
Minář, Michal ; Kučera, František (referee) ; Brychta, Karel (advisor)
This diploma thesis deals with the obligations for implementing the construction project in the Slovakia and its taxation. At first is defined basic terminology, concept of single market of the European Union and the harmonization process of direct and indirect taxation. In the analytical part of the thesis are relevant sources of international, union and national law analyzed. The practical part is focused on specification construction contract, accomplishment all obligations and an exemplary taxpayer's tax liability is calculated.
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Photopolymerization
Kučera, Vladimír ; Petrůj, Jaroslav (referee) ; Kučera, František (advisor)
The bachelor thesis deals with the photochemistry of macromolecular substances, especially with photopolymerization and photocrosslinking reactions. In the theoretical section there is at first a summary of the current knowledge from the area of the general photochemistry and principles of photochemical reactions which are also applied in photopolymerization. There are also both types of photopolymerization analysed – cationic and free-radical, photocrosslinking reactions and photopolymerization applications. In the experimental part, the testing of two fotopolymerization systems was performed. In both of them, styrene was used as a monomer. In one case benzoin was used as a photoinitiator, in the second one there was benzoin ethyl ether used. Furthermore, the photoinitiation ability of these two photoinitiators was compared at the base of conversion and molecular weight of products that were synthetized at different concentrations of photoinitiators and different time periods of irradiation of the mercury lamp.
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Influence of catalysts on polyurethane formation
Chadima, David ; Petrůj, Jaroslav (referee) ; Kučera, František (advisor)
The bachelor thesis deals with the influence of catalysts on polyurethane formation. The theoretical part includes basic knowledge of polyurethane chemistry complemented by a literature review contains information about catalysis and reaction mechanism of polyurethane formation. In experimental part were studied effects of catalysts N,N,N',N' tetramethylethylenediamine, Stannous octoate, 1,4-Diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane and Dibutyltin dilaurate at the rate of synthesis of the polyurethane resin. The measurement was based on measuring the time for which the reaction mixture reaches the maximum temperature. Effective concentrations of catalysts use were calculated. By additional measurement was performed simplified calculation of the activation energy for the demonstration of the effect of temperature on the observed reaction.
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Testing of surfactants for copolymerization of acrylic monomers
Novotný, Igor ; Arvai, Tomáš (referee) ; Kučera, František (advisor)
The Bachelor thesis deals with testing effect of surfactants for preparing acrylate copolymers of methyl methacrylate and butyl arylate via emulsion copolymerization. The effect of concentration of surfactant used to rate of copolymerization during copolymerization was investigated. By DLS was measured particle size and relative average molecular weight was determinate via capillary viscometer for characterization of prepared copolymers. Data acquired from measurements were compared and analyzed if it has some contribution when surfactants are mixed together.
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Technology of injection molding of thermoplastic test specimens
Khamzin, Yersin ; Petruš, Josef (referee) ; Kučera, František (advisor)
The diploma thesis focuses on the optimization of technological parameters of plastic injection molding and the study of the influence of technological parameters on the quality of molded test specimens’ type 1A. The quality of molded parts for 3 types of polypropylene (PP) with different melt flow rate (Mosten GB 002, Mosten GB 218, Mosten MA 230) and 1 type of polystyrene (PS) (Krasten PS GP 154) was evaluated in terms of dimensional stability and weight. The contribution of software for modeling the plastic injection molding process was evaluated in this work. SOLIDWORKS Plastics software was used to optimize technological parameters. The construction of the bodies, mold and cooling system was constructed, and test bodies were produced on the basis of parameters obtained from the simulation of the injection molding process. Their quality parameters were compared with a 3D model and for each of the studied materials the optimal technological parameters were selected in terms of quality and the degree of influence of individual injection parameters on the quality of moldings was evaluated. The accordance of the results of the theoretical simulation with the real experiment was proved and a computational module independent of the optimized quality parameters, generally suitable for optimizing the quality parameters of the injected parts, was developed.
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Automotive plastics with increased scratch resistance
Vida, Mikuláš ; Kučera, František (referee) ; Jančář, Josef (advisor)
The aim of this bachelor thesis was the investigation of changes of mechanical and rheological properties of nanocomposites based on PMMA, where filler was fumed silica of four types (different surface area and producer). The thesis focuses on the theoretical part of the current state of research, preparation and properties of nanocomposites. The solvent method was chosen for the preparation of nanocomposites, where silica was mixed with dissolved PMMA. Tensile mechanical properties were measured below Tg, while viscoelastic response was measured above Tg. Silica had not significant influence on the modulus below Tg, but above Tg (180 °C) both modulus, storage and loss, have increased with increasing silica content and with increasing frequency (0,1–100 Hz). The particle size and surface area of silica in a content of 1 % influenced storage modulus of nanocomposites more with respect to the content of 2 %. For samples containing 1 % showed that the significant role played particle size and surface area of silica. The greatest increase of storage and loss modulus of PMMA was reached for silica M-5 in content 1 %. All type of silica decreased tensile strength and strain with increasing silica content in the same way.
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Preparation of PP composites by grafting using monomer treated filler
Kramerová, Nina ; Žídek, Jan (referee) ; Kučera, František (advisor)
Bachelor thesis is focused on preparation of composite materials with polypropylene matrix. The composites were prepared “in situ” with using Brabender mixer. Homogenization of matrix and filler and grafting of PP with anhydride of itaconic acid treated filler proceed together according to radical mechanism of polymerization. Luperox 101 [2,5-dimethyl-2,5-di(tertbutyl-peroxy)hexane] was used as an initiator of the reaction, the concentration of the initiator was 0.5 wt %, processing temperature 210 °C, 30 rpm. PP-g-IA is a compatibilizer between the matrix and the filler. Glass fibers, calcite and two types of ground wood pulp were used as filler. Two analytical methods were chosen to analyze the efficiency of grafting, acid-base titration and infrared spectroscopy. Assigned conversion of monomer was from 42 to 87 % for various fillers.
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Flame retarders of polymeric materials
Winkler, David ; Poláček, Petr (referee) ; Kučera, František (advisor)
Bachelor thesis focuses on the study of expanded graphite as flame retardant added to low density polyethylene and it´s potential synergistic effect with ammonium polyphosphate. Additive and non-additive dog-bone samples were prepared by compounding and injection. Crystalization, melting point and thermal decomposition of the samples were monitored by TGA and DSC thermal analysis methods. The effect of expanded graphite on the mechanical proporties of the materiál was monitored by a tenssile test. The effect of expanded graphite as a flame retardant and its synergistic effect with ammonium polyphosphate was confirmed by a flame test in the horizontal position of the sample.
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