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Distribution of regular and irregular participles in Spanish: norm and usage
Tajbl, Tadeáš ; Čermák, Petr (advisor) ; Kratochvílová, Dana (referee)
This thesis focuses on the distribution of the regular and irregular participles of the verbs elegir, freír, imprimir, prender and proveer, and aims to determine whether the theoretical language description given in Nueva gramática de la lengua española corresponds to the actual language usage. The thesis is divided into two parts: a theoretical one and a practical one. The theoretical part presents a classification of participles and covers its grammatical features in terms of morphology, syntax and diachrony (language evolution). Furthermore, the theoretical part explains the methods of research, that is, the corpus analysis, and describes the characteristics of the corpora used. The practical part introduces the process and the results of the corpus data analysis. It examines the occurrences of the regular and irregular participles in the following contexts: (a) Participle in a compound verb form (meaning the perfect verb tenses, the passive voice, and the verbal periphrases); (b) participle with an adjectival function; and (c) participle with a substantive function. The conclusion of each chapter and of the thesis itself summarizes the key findings, generalizes them, and compares them with the "rules" mentioned in Nueva gramática de la lengua española.
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Lexical Elatives in Spanish and in Czech
Michalová, Lucie ; Kratochvílová, Dana (advisor) ; Čičmanec, Róbert (referee)
(English) This thesis deals with the issue of Spanish and Czech lexical elatives. It describes in which types of texts they most frecuently occur, whether they appear more often in the comparative form or in the superlative form, it compares a frequency of their occurrence in both languages. Regarding Spanish elatives, the thesis describes methods of their translation into the Czech language. Theoretical part generally discusses adjectives, their types and graduation of adjectives. It also deals with the concept of lexical elative. Theoretical part is based on the information of the Spanish Royal Academy and on the language theories of the Spanish and Czech linguists who deal with the topic of adjectives. Analytical part compares the use of 6 selected elatives in Spanish and in Czech, offers ways of translating Spanish elatives to Czech and analyzes texts in which stated elatives occur. Analytical part also includes particular examples of graduated elatives from corpus, possibly their Czech translations. Elatives were analyzed by using data in the InterCorp formed by Spanish/Czech originals and in the CORPES XXI. The result of the thesis is a detailed analysis of 6 Spanish and Czech elatives, including types of texts in which they appear, their Czech translations and the definition of the areas of...
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Cognitive Approaches to Verbal Humour with Reference to Spanish
Pazlarová, Magdaléna ; Kratochvílová, Dana (advisor) ; Čermák, Petr (referee)
(in English) This master's thesis's objective is to analyze a few selected examples of Spanish verbal humor and apply two theories explaining their humorous effect during their analysis. The used theories are two. The first is Attardo's theory about humorous metaphors, and the second is Coulson's theory about frame-shifting. Both are explained in detail in the first part of the paper, including other aspects connected to them. The second part of the paper consists of the aforementioned examples of Spanish verbal humor. These authentic examples are analyzed using the theories mentioned previously in the paper, and their humorous mechanism is explained using these methods.
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Interjections in Czech and Spanish with regard to Catalan Language
Žežulková, Jana ; Čermák, Petr (advisor) ; Kratochvílová, Dana (referee)
The aim of the thesis is to analyse the interjections in Spanish and Czech with regard to Catalan. The thesis consists of two parts - theoretical and practical. The theoretical one is focused on the definition of interjections form the grammatical point of view; moreover, it describes the distinction between proper and improper interjections. Subsequently, it goes through the role of interjections in the field of pragmatics, especially in terms of interpretation of the utterance and expression of its modal meanings. According to the predominant function, they are classified into mainly three categories - expressive, apellative and phatic. The practical part is focused on analysing some of the most important Spanish proper interjections: eh, ah, oh, ay, bah, uy, ja, zas, pum, hum and uf and their Catalan equivalent eh, ah, oh, ai, bah, ui, ha ha, zas (or xac), pum, hum and uf. The analysis is based on the linguistic corpus InterCorp. The most important part of the practical part are Spanish interjections and their Czech equivalents, while the Catalan ones are considered complementary. Key words: interjections - Spanish - Czech - Catalan - modality - pragmatics - linguistic corpus
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Diminutive Suffixation in Spanish
Zemanová, Simona ; Kratochvílová, Dana (advisor) ; Čermák, Petr (referee)
in English: Diminutive Suffixation in Spanish The present paper addresses the topic of diminutive suffixation in Spanish and different ways of its translation to Czech. The thesis is divided into two parts. The first part is concerned with the typology of Spanish and Czech diminutive suffixes, their meaning and usage in the present day Spanish and Czech. The second part is dedicated to a corpus analysis based on the examples excerpted from the parallel language corpus InterCorp. The research focuses on the suffix -ito/a as it is the most commonly used diminutive suffix in the Hispanic world. The analysis is done on three parts of speech: nous, adjectives and adverbs. Subsequent translation analysis deals with the most frequent diminutives of these parts of speech and concludes that Czech tends to express certain values of Spanish diminutives through other means. Key words: diminutives, suffix, corpus, derivation, morphology, Spanish
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Conditional sentences: sociolinguistic factors of deviations from the norm
Vinarčíková, Jana ; Čermák, Petr (advisor) ; Kratochvílová, Dana (referee)
The aim of this thesis is to describe the form and the meaning of Spanish conditional sentences. The thesis consists of theoretical and practical part. In the theoretical part we define basic terms and introduce 3 types of conditional sentences. We also try to clarify the use of the verbal modes and tenses and to describe what they express from the semantic point of view. Then we describe the use of non-normative forms of conditional sentences and we focuse on the non-normative use of the conditional instead of the subjunctive. The theoretical part is followed by the practical part, in which we analyse conditional conjunctions via parallel language corpus InterCorp. The aim of this analysis is to characterize chosen conditional conjunctions from their specific and practical point of view. Key words: conditional sentences, Spanish, norm, deviations from the norm, conditional conjunctions, corpus, InterCorp
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The category of mood in nominal clauses in contemporary Spanish
Tomeš, Jan ; Čermák, Petr (advisor) ; Kratochvílová, Dana (referee)
KEY WORDS subjunctive, nominal clauses, Spanish, Czech, norm, usage ! ABSTRACT Many works and studies have been dedicated to the usage of indicative and subjuntive in Spanish. It still remains a wildly discussed topic, however, since it is interlocutor's attitude which makes the usage often differ from the codified norm. This paper focuses on the usage of indicative and/or subjuntive in nominal clauses with verbs entender, comprender, admitir, aceptar, explicar, sospechar, imaginar(se), figurarse, suponer and quejarse in the main clause. The norm, explained in the theoretical part of this work, is later confronted with the analysis of selected occurences in CRAE, i.e. the usage. Second analysis executed with paralel corpus InterCorp servers as comparison with the situation in Czech.
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Terminative and resultative verbal periphrasis in Spanish and Portuguese
Hrobská, Eva ; Čermák, Petr (advisor) ; Kratochvílová, Dana (referee)
This diploma thesis is dedicated to the topic of Terminative and resultative verbal periphrasis in Spanish and Portuguese and is divided into two parts, theoretical and practical. In the first part, we give a general summary and classification of verbal periphrasis with an emphasis on the terminative and resultative ones. Included with the theoretical description there is also a subchapter about the situation in the Czech language which mainly discusses the question of verbal aspect. Subsequently, the theoretical results are compared in the second part of this work which is dedicated to a corpus analysis. We outline the frequency of chosen periphrasis in corpus in different types of documents but also the Czech translations. For this purpose, we were working with a parallel corpus InterCorp, more precisely Spanish and Portuguese subcorpus, but also with monolingual Spanish corpus CREA and monolingual Portuguese corpus Corpus do Português. In this part we have chosen the following periphrasis for the analysis: tener + participle, llevar + participle, estar + participle and salir + participle in Spanish and ter + participle, ficar + participle and sair + participle in Portuguese. In both languages we have chosen both active and passive resultative periphrasis.
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Spanish and Czech Phraseology and Idioms Considering Journalistic Texts
Bernáthová, Dominika ; Čermák, Petr (advisor) ; Kratochvílová, Dana (referee)
This thesis is focused on the analysis of phrasemes and idioms in Spanish and Czech journalistic texts. In its theoretical part, we discuss the definition of phraseology and idioms as linguistic disciplines within Czech and Spanish linguistics. The practical part contains a sample corpus of phrases and idioms based on selected excerpts from newspaper articles during a specific time period. These linguistic units are divided into thematic groups by their base words, their meaning is explained and formal and substantive similarities between Czech and Spanish are observed. We do not aim at presenting a set of idioms of the language, only to point out the currently used idioms in journalistic texts. Key words phraseology, set phrase, idiom, Czech language, Spanish language, journalism, semantics, equivalent
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