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Risks and problems associated with polypharmacy in older patients - A self-screening tool for identifying risks of pharmacotherapy by patients themselves
Pitrová, Markéta ; Fialová, Daniela (advisor) ; Kostřiba, Jan (referee)
Title: Risks and Problems Associated with Polypharmacy in Older Patients - A Self-Screening Tool for Identifying Risks of Pharmacotherapy by Patients Themselves Author: Markéta Pitrová Department of Social and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Supervisor: Assoc. Prof. Daniela Fialová, PharmD, Ph.D. Department of Social and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové and Department of Geriatrics and Gerontology, 1st Faculty of Medicine and General Teaching Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic BACKGROUND With the increasing number of older adults in the population nowadays, the importance of rational pharmacotherapy - the indication of the most effective, most safe and most cost-effective drug treatments - in older people grows. In order to early assess and resolve the risks of pharmacotherapy in this population, different pharmacotherapy risk assessment and risk management tools have been developed for use by physicians, pharmacists and other health care professionals. As the active involvement of older adults in the process of pharmacotherapy risk assessment and risk management increases, it is crucial to create also patient self- assessment tools in this area. Thus, the aim of the diploma thesis was to develop and test in a pilot study a new patient...
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Analysis of drug administration by nurses in health facility VI
Brandová, Adéla ; Doseděl, Martin (advisor) ; Kostřiba, Jan (referee)
Analysis of drug administration by nurses in health facility VI. Author: Adéla Brandová Tutor: PharmDr. Martin Doseděl, Ph.D. Department of Social and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University in Prague Introduction: The goal of rational pharmacotherapy should consist of the use of efficient, safe, and cost-efficient medication. The achievement of the said goals may be complicated by medication errors. Medication errors originate from human mistakes and intervene in all activities related to drug management, including drug administration. Aim: The aim of this study was to identify and analyze drug administration medication errors in a healthcare facility. Methods: The data was collected from the 29th of September to the 13th of October 2021, in a hospital located in the Hradec Králové region. Three departments were chosen for observation. Those three departments were surgery, internal ward, and follow-up care ward. The morning, midday and evening drug administrations on three consecutive days were monitored in each of the departments. This data collection was performed by direct observation. All of the routes of drug administration were monitored except intravenous drugs. Particular attention was paid to the identification of the patient, hand hygiene of nurses,...
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Osteoporosis management at general practitioners level
Karaščák, Roman ; Vytřísalová, Magda (advisor) ; Kostřiba, Jan (referee)
CHARLES UNIVERSITY IN PRAGUE Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Social and Clinical Pharmacy Candidate: Mgr. Roman Karaščák Title of thesis: Osteoporosis management at general practitioners level Director of studies: PharmDr. Magda Vytřísalová, Ph.D. Consultant of studies: PharmDr. Leoš Fuksa, Ph.D. Osteoporosis, the most prevalent human skeletal metabolism-based disease, is manifested by the weakened bone micro-structure and its lowered endurance against mechanical impacts which results to the higher fracture incidence. Nowadays it is considered to be a lifestyle disease. Contnuous rise of osteoporosis incidence and prevalence may become even more rapid in the future and could overwhelm the public healthcare system. Post-menopausal women and elderly people are threatened by an involutional osteoporosis. In Czech Republic, the principal provider is general practitioner, who ensures comprehensive healthcare for his patients. In order to do so, because of the present limitations, he has an obligation to cooperate with and to adress his patients to certain specialists - osteologists, endocrinologists, internists, orthopedists and gynecologists. We conducted a cross-sectional questionnairy study. Questionnaires were sent to 1 500 random-selected general practitioners in the two-round...
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Medical prescriptions in Greece
Naoum, Panagiotis ; Kotlářová, Jana (advisor) ; Kostřiba, Jan (referee)
MEDICAL PRESCRIPTIONS IN GREECE Author: Naoum I. Panagiotis Tutor: RNDr. Jana Kotlářová, Ph.D. Department of Social and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University in Prague, Czech Republic Aim of diploma thesis: The aim of diploma thesis is: to get current knowledge about medical prescriptions (MP) in Greece and rules of their use; to prepare its basic division according their kinds, formal look, practical handle with them and their payment; to get sample of different MP and finally to describe the current Greek health, pension and insurance system as a secondary aim. Results: In this diploma thesis it has been described the existing model of medical prescriptions in Greece and have been given adequate information about their basic divisions, their kinds, their formal look, and their compensation. Also it is described the course of the prescription, from the doctor to the pharmacist, harmonized with modern electronic prescribing. In the recent years (from 2009), Greece started the pilot implementation of e-prescribing for the modernization of public administration. This reform was established in order to fight against impunity and seemingly anti-ethical actions. The measure was certified by the laws of the Greek State, whereas the first results are starting to show...
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Explant cultures of Higher plants 27
Kostřiba, Jan ; Dušková, Jiřina (advisor) ; Tůmová, Lenka (referee)
Kostřiba J.: In vitro cultures of higher plants XXVII. Diploma Paper, Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Department of Pharmaceutical Botany and Ecology, 2007, p. 61 The work aimed at biotransformation of exogenous precursors of arbutin with in vitro cultures of Centella asiatica (L.). The precursors of arbutin were added into the medium (hydroquinone, tyrosine, p-coumaric acid, hydroxybenzoic acid). The precursors were used in a concentration of 200 mg/l and the period of their action was 6, 12, 24, 48 and 168 hours (1 week). The cultivation of calluses was created by two different ways - by suspension culture and by culture cultivated on the filter-paper bridge. The cultivation was prosecuted on the light. Positive results (both TLC and HPLC analysis) in arbutin production were obtained in all suspension cultures after an addition of hydroquinone. The largest amount of arbutin in callus cultures was measured after a 48 hours cultivation (0,043 %). After a 168 hours cultivation was amount of arbutin only 0,038 %. In this experimental variant arbutin was also released into the medium (0,096 %). Biotransformation experiments with the others precursors of arbutin were not successful. The way of cultivation by the filter-paper bridges was also unsuccessful.
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Entry of New Product on the Pharmaceutical Market
Mašát, Petr ; Kostřiba, Jan (advisor) ; Kotlářová, Jana (referee)
This thesis is focused on a private brand of food supplements called IPC COMPLEX. IPC COMPLEX is produced by company Pharmaceutical Corporaration, a.s., and has been freshly introduced in the Czech market. The paper aims to assess production costs and sales in 2013, to calculate mark-up, margin and total gross profit. A comparison of sales with the rival products in each category follows. The evaluation is also subjected to meet the balance sheet established before entering the market. Moreover, the aims of the management are assessed together with return on investments and presumed positive impact on management of the society. The research focuses on monitoring the private brand. The data - provided exclusively for this research, were collected in 2013 and represent all 42 pharmacies owned by the chain IPC in the Czech Republic. The thesis tries to evaluate economic impacts of private brand on the pharmaceutical market for food supplements. These consequences are compared with impacts of private brands in other fields. Generally, the impact is believed to be positive and to be beneficial for powerful retail chains. Despite the minor failures, this thesis proved that a private brand of food supplements can have the very same positive impact on the Czech pharmaceutical market. The private brand has...
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Internet pharmacies
Hynková, Eliška ; Kotlářová, Jana (advisor) ; Kostřiba, Jan (referee)
84 SUMMARY INTERNET PHARMACIES Author: Hynková Eliška Tutor: RNDr. Jana Kotlářová, Ph.D. Dept. of Social and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University in Prague,Czech Republic Background: We are living in the world of technologies enabling us shopping goods using internet or mobile phone. This way becomes more and more popular and asked with people because of its comfortable and fast use. Aim of study: Process total summery of requirements (legislative, operational, computerized including software) to set up internet pharmacies. Analyse e-pharmacie's individual factors influencing web-based sale. Discuss advantages and disadvantages of this sale. Analyse e-shop's real reaction to potencial product demand. Make sales-research of chosen e-shops based on specific selections. Methods: Working with internet reality, including documentation and realization of concrete samples in www.kapkazdravi.cz. Discussing with experts and using own work experiences in e-pharmacie. To select a product that is limited in internet sale and after that analyse e-shop's reaction. Comparing e-shops firt impression, business conditions, searching for goods and sales for customers. Results: Before starting a new e-pharmacie it is neccessary to know about legislature relating to beginning and...
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Evaluation of potentially inappropriate drugs and drug procedures in the old age (I.)
Krivošová, Michaela ; Fialová, Daniela (advisor) ; Kostřiba, Jan (referee)
Introduction: Proportion of the population over the age of 65 is continuously increasing in the European Union, and therefore, the number of polymorbid patients with polypharmacy, limited functional capacities and syndrome of geriatric frailty is rising every year as well. In order to support the quality of geriatric prescribing and to lower possible adverse drug events, explicit criteria for potentially inappropriate drugs and drug procedures for elderly have been created. The aim of the diploma thesis was to evaluate how many potentially inappropriate medications (PIMs) for elderly out of 22 explicit criteria were registered in 6 countries (Czech Republic, Hungary, Portugal, Serbia, Spain and Turkey) participating at the 1st phase of the EU COST Action IS1402 initiative and which criterion or what group of regional criteria (European, American, Asian) would be the most specific and most suitable in individual countries for prospective international study following the quality of PIM prescribing. Methods: Of 22 explicit criteria of drugs/drug procedures potentially inappropriate in the old age, validated and published in peer-review journals and journals with the impact factor by 2015 year, a list of all until now known 345 PIMs was created (disregarding the dosage scheme, interval of use or...
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Pharmacovigilance: Drug regulation development and legislation overview.
Manišová, Michaela ; Kostřiba, Jan (advisor) ; Zimčíková, Eva (referee)
Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Social and Clinical Pharmacy Candidate Mgr. Michaela Manišová Consultant PharmDr. Jan Kostřiba, Ph.D. Title of Thesis Pharmacovigilance: Drug regulation development and legislation overview. Introduction: Pharmacovigilance is a scientific discipline relating to the detection and evaluation of adverse drug reactions and other risks associated with the use of the medicinal products after marketing authorisation and implementation of the risk minimisation measures. Objectives: To analyze the legislation requirements in the area of pharmacovigilance for the medicinal products for human use in the European Union and their implementation in practice. Trends in adverse drug reactions reporting in the various pharmacovigilance systems (United States, Czech Republic, European Union), evaluation of the factors affecting reporting and the main benefits of spontaneous reporting. Methods: The legal requirements of the European Union, the Czech Republic and the United States was used as the source of information, followed by the official website of the Drug Regulatory Authorities, the best practices guidelines prepared by the European Medicines Agency and by the Food and Drug Administration, the harmonization guidelines issued by...
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Analysis of Counterfeit Medicines from the Perspective of Medicines Policy
Boltnarová, Barbora ; Kostřiba, Jan (advisor) ; Zubrová, Julie (referee)
Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove Department of Social and Clinical Pharmacy Author Barbora Boltnarová Supervisor PharmDr. Jan Kostriba, Ph.D. Title of Diploma Thesis Analysis of Counterfeit Medicines from the Perspective of Medicines Policy Objectives: The aim of the theoretical part of this diploma thesis was the analysis of the counterfeiting of medicinal products and a summary of the most critical topics and issues related to this illegal activity. Another purpose of the theoretical part was the mapping of trends in counterfeiting of medicinal products on the domestic and world scale and to compile a summary of the instruments used to combat counterfeiting of medicinal products. The aim of the practical part was the analysis of the reports of falsified medicinal products and to compare the obtained results with hypotheses based on theoretical knowledge. Methods: The data was obtained by analyzing the reports of counterfeit medicinal products published by State Institute for Drug Control in the period from 2nd March 2006 to 14th November 2017. Altogether, 115 reports from the Czech Republic and from abroad were analyzed. Results: The results of the analysis show that the situation regarding counterfeiting of medicinal products in the Czech Republic is relatively safe...
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