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Activity of hydrolytic enzymes in process of prodution of biogas
Kolouchová, Kristýna ; Tesařová, Eva (advisor) ; Kopečný, Jan (referee)
In this work, the activities of hydrolytic enzymes, functioning in the hydrolytic stage of the production of biogas, have been determined. The activities of -amylase, -xylanase, and -glucosidase have been measured in five samples collected from the following steps of biogas production:. cow dung from the adjacent cowshed, cow manure from the homogenization tank for dosing biogas plant, digester sludge from the outside biogas fermenter, degister sludge from the inside biogas fermenter, and sludge of digestate from digestate tank. Samples for measurement of enzyme activities were provided by agricultural biogas station AGRI FAIR in Deštná, which uses for biogas production cow manure and corn silage The activities of hydrolytic enzymes in the production of biogas are crucial, because degradability of feed material is the limiting factor. Activity of a amylase had highest value in cow dung and cow manure due to food containing high levels of starch. In subsequent phases falls evenly. In the indoor digester and digestate is already depleted substrate and the activity is at zero level. Its activity is almost three times higher than - glycosidase in cow dung and cow manure, but in the last three stages of -glycosidase activity exceeds amylase and its value is nearly stable. -xylanase has...
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Effects of microbiota on defense system of earthworms
Dvořák, Jiří ; Bilej, Martin (advisor) ; Kopečný, Jan (referee) ; Horák, Petr (referee)
Earthworms are important soil invertebrate organisms that participate in nutrient cycling in terrestrial ecosystems and in the formation of the soil profile from the physical, chemical and also microbial point of view. Soils are considered the most microbially diverse environments on earth. All invertebrates living in soil therefore need to possess a complex immune system. Earthworms are used as a model organism in immunology for decades. Their simple body plan consists of two main body cavities: true coelom and digestive tube. Both coelomic cavity and digestive tract represent open systems with permanent contact with soil microorganisms. Eisenia andrei species is used as a standard immunological model in our laboratory for many years. E andrei earthworms live in compost, microbially abundant environment, which is reflected in their well-developed immune system. Some new mechanisms of E. andrei defense system are described in this work. Two novel pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), Toll-like receptor (TLR) and lipopolysaccharide binding protein/bactericidal permeability-increasing protein (LBP/BPI) were characterized in earthworms. These molecules are expressed in coelomocytes and their production is upregulated after microbial challenge. Moreover, both receptors were detected in digestive tract...
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Bacteriophage 936 by qPCR quantification in dairy products.
Olša Fliegerová, Kateřina ; Mrázek, Jakub ; Štrosová, Lenka ; Němečková, I. ; Kopečný, Jan
Virulent bacteriophages are still representing significant threat in dairy production even with frequent disinfection and sterilization all the equipment in dairy plants. Therefore a reliable \nmethod of phage monitoring and quantification necessary part of phage prevention. Method is based on qPCR amplification and fluorescent detection of copies number of the phage main\nstructural protein and therefore is independent on the phage cultivation. It is quick, reliable a sensitive enough to estimate phage copy numbers in dairy starters and whey in any phase of dairy production. \n
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Effects of microbiota on defense system of earthworms
Dvořák, Jiří ; Bilej, Martin (advisor) ; Kopečný, Jan (referee) ; Horák, Petr (referee)
Earthworms are important soil invertebrate organisms that participate in nutrient cycling in terrestrial ecosystems and in the formation of the soil profile from the physical, chemical and also microbial point of view. Soils are considered the most microbially diverse environments on earth. All invertebrates living in soil therefore need to possess a complex immune system. Earthworms are used as a model organism in immunology for decades. Their simple body plan consists of two main body cavities: true coelom and digestive tube. Both coelomic cavity and digestive tract represent open systems with permanent contact with soil microorganisms. Eisenia andrei species is used as a standard immunological model in our laboratory for many years. E andrei earthworms live in compost, microbially abundant environment, which is reflected in their well-developed immune system. Some new mechanisms of E. andrei defense system are described in this work. Two novel pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), Toll-like receptor (TLR) and lipopolysaccharide binding protein/bactericidal permeability-increasing protein (LBP/BPI) were characterized in earthworms. These molecules are expressed in coelomocytes and their production is upregulated after microbial challenge. Moreover, both receptors were detected in digestive tract...
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Recognition of microbial patterns in earthworms
Škanta, František ; Bilej, Martin (advisor) ; Kopečný, Jan (referee) ; Šimek, Miloslav (referee)
Survival of earthworms in the environment depends on their ability to recognize and eliminate potential pathogens. Two closely related earthworm species Eisenia andrei and Eisenia fetida inhabit different environment with specific microbiota. Both species can be reliably determined using of species-specific primers for cytochrome c oxidase I (COI) and stringent PCR conditions. Whereas, we did not observed any substantial differences in the expression and activity of CCF and lysozyme upon microbial challenge, the expression as well as the hemolytic activity of fetidin/lysenins was considerably higher in E. andrei as compared to E. fetida. Genomic DNA analyses revealed significantly higher level of fetidin/lysenins in E. andrei compared to E. fetida suggesting hypothetical gene duplication. Earthworms live in permanent close contact with microbial environment. Coelom cavity as well as the gut of E. andrei earthvworm differs in the number of bacteria. The number of bacteria in the gut is more than six time higher than in coelomic fluid. High microbial load of E. coli O55, B. subtilis W23, and S. cerevisiae S288 in the earthworm environment, resulted in an increase of microorganisms in both, the coelom and the gut. The changes in mRNA levels of defense molecules (pattern recognition receptors CCF,...
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Activity of hydrolytic enzymes in process of prodution of biogas
Kolouchová, Kristýna ; Tesařová, Eva (advisor) ; Kopečný, Jan (referee)
In this work, the activities of hydrolytic enzymes, functioning in the hydrolytic stage of the production of biogas, have been determined. The activities of -amylase, -xylanase, and -glucosidase have been measured in five samples collected from the following steps of biogas production:. cow dung from the adjacent cowshed, cow manure from the homogenization tank for dosing biogas plant, digester sludge from the outside biogas fermenter, degister sludge from the inside biogas fermenter, and sludge of digestate from digestate tank. Samples for measurement of enzyme activities were provided by agricultural biogas station AGRI FAIR in Deštná, which uses for biogas production cow manure and corn silage The activities of hydrolytic enzymes in the production of biogas are crucial, because degradability of feed material is the limiting factor. Activity of a amylase had highest value in cow dung and cow manure due to food containing high levels of starch. In subsequent phases falls evenly. In the indoor digester and digestate is already depleted substrate and the activity is at zero level. Its activity is almost three times higher than - glycosidase in cow dung and cow manure, but in the last three stages of -glycosidase activity exceeds amylase and its value is nearly stable. -xylanase has...
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CHARAKTERIZACE NOVÝCH DRUHŮ LAKTOBACILŮ A JINÝCH BAKTERIÍ MLÉČNÉHO KVAŠENÍ Z TRÁVICÍHO TRAKTU SAVCŮ A HMYZU
Killer, Jiří ; Kopečný, Jan ; Mrázek, Jakub ; Koppová, Ingrid ; Rada, V. ; Kott, T.
Do skupiny probiotik, která jsou zjednodušeně definována jako „potravní doplňky obsahující přesně definované ţivé mikroorganismy mající prokazatelně pozitivní vliv na zdraví hostitele a zlepšující navíc vyuţívání ţivin“, náleţí především kmeny bifidobakterií, laktobacilů a jiných bakterií mléčného kvašení (druhy r. Lactococcus, Enterococcus, Streptococcus), ale také nepatogenní druhy bacilů (např. Bacillus coagulans), dále nepatogenní Escherichia coli, Propionibacterium freudenreichii a eukaryota v podobě některých druhů kvasinek (Saccharomyces boulardi). Zdá se, ţe výzkum probiotik je v současné době zaměřen na jiţ známé druhy především laktobacilů a bifidobakterií. Vzrůstá tedy význam testování probiotických vlastností jiných druhů bifidobakterií a bakterií mléčného kvašení (dále BMK), stejně tak izolace dosud nepopsaných druhů potenciálně vyuţitelných nejen v humánní medicíně, ale také v chovech hospodářských zvířat a v chovech hospodářsky významného hmyzu (včel a čmeláků).
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