National Repository of Grey Literature 99 records found  1 - 10nextend  jump to record: Search took 0.01 seconds. 
Mongolian Nomads: Prohibitions and Natural Cults. Tabu phenomena and Their Language Expressions
Muhič Vobořilová, Jana ; Vrhel, František (advisor) ; Komárek, Stanislav (referee) ; Skupnik, Jaroslav (referee)
MONGOLIAN NOMADS: PROHIBITIONS AND NATURAL CULTS Taboo Phenomena and Their Language Expressions This dissertation has been created on the interface of the three disciplines: ethnology, linguistic and Mongolian studies. It studies tabooed areas of life of Mongolian shepherds, related mainly to worshiping of the natural cults and to some significant cognitive models applied across the culture. The core of this work is the analysis of data collected repeatedly during field researches based on recording the language expressions of speakers and on a participative observing of the author. Prohibitions (taboos) which play role in the everyday life of the shepherds in the Mongolian steppe emanate primarily from the relation of humans with the nature which surrounds them. The aim of the work is to shed light on the question how the systematic nature of prohibitions (ceeriin yos) is anchored in the conceptual framework. In this the context of the Mongolian shepherd culture as a whole has been emphasised. Cognitive-linguistic approach represents a significant component of methodology, a systematic analysis of expressions which are understood as metaphors. Descriptions of particular events, recorded in the field research diary, enable an understanding of some linkages of conceptual structures and also depicting of the...
On the limits of inexspressible with C.G. Jung
Ryška Vajdová, Ivana ; Komárek, Stanislav (advisor) ; Pokorný, Vít (referee) ; Daněk, Tomáš (referee)
C. G. Jung (1875-1961) was one of the representatives of Depth psychology of the 20th century. In recent years, more attention has been paid to this direction thanks to Jung, or rather new archival discoveries of his work and his new publications. However, the historical and ideological context of Jung's work still remains relatively unknown. This work aims to map Jung's formative years and early work, which I date from The Zofingia Lectures (1896-1899) to the publication of Psychological Types (1921), in which I try to show how significantly he was influenced by philosophical ideas, especially Immanuel Kant (1724-1804), who, according to Jung himself, had the greatest influence on the analytical psychology he created. Since Kant's work has not become the subject of any of Jung's writings, this text works with passages across collected writings and letters in which Jung refers to Kant, while seeking a more general grasp of the way Kant's philosophical ideas are implemented in psychological theory. We will also touch on other philosophers to whom Jung is directly connected, such as Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz (1646-1716), Arthur Schopenhauer (1788-1860), Carl Gustav Carus (1789-1869) and Eduard von Hartmann (1842-1906). I try to show that Jung uses already existing philosophical ideas in his...
The Theory of Self-Domestication in German Anthropology and Biology till 1945.
Stella, Marco ; Komárek, Stanislav (advisor) ; Sklenička, Petr (referee)
Concerned with the theory of self-domestication, claiming that humans have morphological, anatomical, physiological, behavioural or psychological traits typical for domestic animals, this master's thesis attempts to describe how anthropological and biological stories speaks to people and how people are shaped by them. Has given rise to eugenics and racial hygiene, the idea implicit to this theory that the practice of animals domestication and cultivation can be applied to humans, is still relevant when speaking of genetic engineering.
Tumours in historical and social context in the modern period
Hrudka, Jan ; Komárek, Stanislav (advisor) ; Tinková, Daniela (referee) ; Stingl, Josef (referee)
Univerzita Karlova v Praze Přírodovědecká fakulta Studijní program: Filosofie a dějiny přírodních věd MUDr. Jan Hrudka Nádory v dějinném a kulturním kontextu v novověku Tumours in historical and social context in the modern period Disertační práce Školitel / Supervisor: Prof. RNDr. Stanislav Komárek, Dr. Praha, 2017 SUMMARY: The PhD thesis called Tumours in historical and social context in the modern period is an attempt to describe a change of medical thinking in modern period; science and medicine turns from antique humoral pathology, explaining all diseases as an imbalance of the four body humours, to pathological anatomy and experimental physiology. In the point of view of pathological anatomy, the viscera of diseased person are no more "screen" or "mirror" of the disease, but it becomes directly the "stage" or "theatre" of the acting disease. This shift in the thought may be labelled as movement from humoralism to localism or ontologism; the disease isn't just abnormal amount of some natural juice any more, but becomes new original entity. This change undergoes the understanding of tumours and cancerous disease as well. Instead of antique understanding tumours as precipitates of black bile, the cell theory occurs in the 19th century. This theory explains tumours as a mass of cells undergoing excessive...
Genetic basis of phenotypic variability in domesticated animals
Majerová, Veronika ; Reifová, Radka (advisor) ; Komárek, Stanislav (referee)
Understanding the mechanisms responsible for the origin of morphological variability among different species of animals represents an important goal in evolutionary biology. Origin and changes of the phenotypic variability during the evolution is possible to study in domesticated animals. The domesticated species of animals represent a brilliant model for studying the molecular mechanisms responsible for origin of new phenotypes due to enormous morphological variability of different domesticated breeds, effortless breeding in captivity and frequent knowledge of the genomic sequence. The aim of this bachelor work is to summarize actual findings about concrete mutations which are responsible for the origination of the new morphological characters in the domesticated animals. These findings can help us to clarify how the evolution functions on the molecular level.
Cerebral laterality in birds and mammals, its behavioral correlation and evolutionary significance
Tureček, Petr ; Komárek, Stanislav (advisor) ; Němec, Pavel (referee)
Lateralization of brain is ubiquitous quality of vertebrate brain. In this paper we rewiev examples of brain lateralization in birds and mammals and it's behavioral impacts. Than we discuss possible evolutionary origins of these asymmetries and their evolutionary significance. We try to explain individual as well as population level lateralization. We propose, that population level lateralization can, in principle, arise just on the genofondal basis, if the organism itself contributes to the enviroment with the lateralized behavior. Lateralized sensory input on the other hand should stand on the advantages of synchronizing with other individuals due to the disatvantage of predictability of lateralized population. Keywords: Lateralization; laterality; population level lateralization; asymmetry; evolutionary significance
Factors influencing worldwide zoo collections of lizards, snakes, turtles and crocodiles: effect of conservation status, body size and their attractiveness to humans
Janovcová, Markéta ; Landová, Eva (advisor) ; Komárek, Stanislav (referee)
There is a large number of species existing in the world; each year, however, the number of the endangered ones rapidly increases. Nowadays, captive breeding becomes an option for their survival in refugees. Sufficient population with satisfactory breeding management gives hope for survival to the endangered species (in mid-term) or even possible future reintroduction to their natural habitat. WAZA is currently the world's leading association of worldwide zoos and similar breeding facilities. Because these institutions operate as a network to facilitate the exchange of reared individuals, for conservation purposes, their captive populations may be seen as one large population characterized by its size, i.e., the total number of individuals. Such view is currently recognized by many conservationists as the so-called concept of Noah's Ark. The space on the Ark is limited, therefore it is needed to heed the characteristics of the species aboard to maximize the conservation potential. Many factors influence the presence of species in zoological gardens. Following previous studies we selected some factors that may be important, i.e., body lenght, taxonomy, and IUCN status. Analysis of these factors among the main reptile clades shall reveal the pattern of reptile composition in worldwide zoos. One of the factors...

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