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Attitudes of Czechia and Slovakia towards the forced sterilization of Roma women in comparative perspective
Slaninová, Lucie ; Klípa, Ondřej (advisor) ; Kolenovská, Daniela (referee)
The bachelor thesis is a comparative two-cases study that compares approaches of Czechia and Slovakia towards forced sterilizations of Roma women that was taking place on their territory during several decades. Sterilization is a medical intervention disabling a human reproduction. Sterilizations were set in the seventies in the former Czechoslovakia in accordance with an eugenics ideology of controlling public reproduction and influencing quality of the society. Ongoing differencies between major society and Roma people lasted for centuries in spite of many attempts to assimilate Roma people and that is the reason why Roma women were the target. However, controlling reproduction of population is violation of human rights. For this reason, both countries had to accept apropriate restrictions. The sterilization policy was ignored for a long time, although complaints and activities of victims started to appear at the beginning of this century. All the speaking victims together with many nongovernmental organizations tried to obtain a compensation for victims of this unlawful policy of forced sterilizations. Therefore, state authorities of both countries started to act. First of all, Slovakia started interrogation as a consequence of a report "Body and Soul" in 2003. A new act of health care providing...
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Master and Margarita: A Journey to a Soviet Library
Andresková, Rút ; Kolenovská, Daniela (advisor) ; Svoboda, Karel (referee)
This bachelor thesis deals with the novel Master and Margarita (1967) and the life of its author, Russian writer Mikhail Bulgakov (1891-1940). The thesis follows the process of acceptance of the novel by the Soviet society. By taking into consideration its creation and Bulgakov's life it identifies the factors, which lead to the book's final acceptance. It also deals with literary authorship, relation between the book and the author, and changeability of this relation during different phases of the acceptance. The thesis assumes the existence of the relation; therefore, it uses the concept of the death of the author and the literary theory of the "real" author. The thesis is based on content analysis of the novel and literature describing Bulgakov's life and the Soviet cultural policy. It uses social and historical analyses of Soviet or Russian society and analyses of the novel. The research follows the part of Bulgakov's life, which he had dedicated to the novel, it analyses the novel and follows its publication and acceptance by the society. It discovers that the unofficial acceptance was influenced by double factors - the outer factors resulted from the Soviet literary policy and the inner factors came out of the society. The most influential factor was the fact that the novel was different from...
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Legitimization Strategies of the Authoritarian Regime in Belarus
Osterrothová, Sára ; Šír, Jan (advisor) ; Kolenovská, Daniela (referee)
This bachelor's thesis analyses the legitimization strategies of the authoritarian regime in Belarus during the period 1994-2020. The typology of legitimization strategies by Christian von Soest and Julia Grauvogel serves as the theoretical framework of the thesis. This thesis not only identifies which strategies were used by the Lukashenko regime but above all analyses how they manifested themselves. This allows the topic to be examined comprehensively and the evolution of these strategies to be taken into account. Attention is first of all paid to the persona of Alexander Lukashenko and his role as "batka" (i.e. father in Belarusian), the protector of the collective memory of veterans, the guarantor of the country's "economic stability", and the defender of Belarusian sovereignty. The importance of the formal existence of elections in Lukashenko's rhetoric is also addressed. The thesis examines the formation of Belarusian state ideology, which is based on the official understanding of "Belarusianness", and the ideologization of the so-called Great Patriotic War. Last but not least, the thesis examines Lukashenko's social contract as well as how the regime refers to its role on the international stage and how it uses the rhetoric of external threats. The main finding of the thesis is that the...
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Russia's Idea After the Dissolution of the USSR. The changes of V. Putin's geopolitical thought
Martinek, Jan ; Kolenovská, Daniela (advisor) ; Svoboda, Karel (referee)
In this thesis, I examine how geopolitical ideas about the future development of the Russian Federation changed after the collapse of the Soviet Union, and how the Vladimir Putin regime has subsequently built on this debate. Using Russian political and geopolitical thought, I demonstrate that the key questions to which the Russian elite (whether intellectuals or members of the ruling class) have attempted to find answers over the past two hundred years remain relevant and continue to shape social discurs: For example, the question of how open Russia should be to foreign influences, whether it represents a European, Asian, or unique civilization, and whether the Russian nation has an exceptional, messianic mission to which it must subordinate its existence. Different schools of geopolitics have successively offered different - mutually contradictory - answers to these questions. Thus, I first present the history of the search for the Russian idea, and then, using speeches and articles delivered and written by Vladimir Putin in particular, I argue that none of these geopolitical conceptions alone fully explains the direction in which today's Russia is heading, but that in their summary they can in some way explaining the gradual changes in Putin's rhetoric and policies. Whereas earlier geopolitical...
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Cute Cats on a Rescue Mission: An Obituary to YouTube in Russia?
Polheim, Annemarie Elisabeth ; Kolenovská, Daniela (advisor) ; Svoboda, Karel (referee)
Bibliographic note POLHEIM, Annemarie. 2022. Cute Cats on a Resue Mission: An Obituary to YouTube in Russia? 67 p. Master thesis. Charles University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Institute of International Studies. Supervisor Mgr. Daniela Kolenovská, Ph.D. Abstract Russia's 2022 invasion of Ukraine has accelerated internet regulation and cutbacks on free expression in Russia. YouTube is one of the most established hybrid media platforms and an important source of information in the country. It is likely that the platform may be banned by Roskomnadzor at any time, as it blocks Russian state channels. The aim of this thesis is to outline the characteristics of the Russian YouTube landscape and to contribute to the understanding of current transformations of the Russian media system. Two datasets of YouTube channel networks, retrieved on January 6 and March 14, 2022, are analysed and compared. The data consists of YouTube channels of the Russian political spectrum and surrounding channels, as well as their links to each other (subscriptions, recommendations). A significant increase in the English-language clusters and the Russian-language educational cluster between January and March, and a decrease in the Russian-language entertainment and political clusters was observed. The findings, however, did not allow a...
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Gender Role Represented in Official Media: Communist Legacies and the Gap between Rhetoric and Reality
He, Jiarong ; Kolenovská, Daniela (advisor) ; Svoboda, Karel (referee) ; Kubal, Agnieszka Maria (referee)
The question addressed in this paper is how the mainstream media reproduced and participated in reshaping gender discourse before and after the transformation in Russia and the Peoples Republic of China, selecting People's Daily and Rabotnitsa from 1980 to 2000 as research objects and conducting both quantitative and qualitative analysis. In general, both countries have gone through the centralised state market economy reforms and suffered the impact of free market consumerism and commercialization with these. As a result, women's aesthetic is more diversified, but it also strengthens the sexual gaze of women's bodies. There are more new occupations, but women also face great challenges when a depression or labour surplus occurs. Meanwhile, the legacies inherited by the two countries also differed to some extent. Russia experienced a more violent and comprehensive onslaught of ideas, where consumerism and commercialization were more directly reflected in the mass media, and the social gender order took on a state of tug-of-war between the traditional, communist and emerging identities, while China's reform has eroded the legacies in a more insidious and slow manner. Semiotics management remains in the hands of the Party, but economic and social liberalization are not only influencing people's...
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The League of Nations and collective security: Reactions to Munich and the Winter War
Linhart, Kryštof ; Švec, Luboš (advisor) ; Kolenovská, Daniela (referee)
The bachelor thesis deals with the reaction of the League of Nations to the key events of Czechoslovak and Finnish history, Munich and the Winter War. The thesis examines the events from the perspective of the League of Nations in order to determine what factors influenced the League response, taking into account the form of the Pact itself and the wording of the individual articles dealing with collective security. The thesis offers insights into the formation of the League of Nations itself, the resulting form of the Pact, and the most important interwar initiatives for the peaceful settlement of disputes. The main focus of the thesis is to examine the response of the League of Nations to Munich and the Winter War, with each of the chapters devoted to a given issue presenting the situation in which the League of Nations found itself in a given year (spring-summer 1938, autumn 1939), as well as focusing on the factors that influenced the operation of this peace-keeping international organization and affected its response to the events under examination. These include the failure to resolve previous crises of the 1930s (Abyssinia), the submission or non-submission of disputes for negotiation, and the influence of the Great Powers, particularly Great Britain and France. The subsequent comparison of...
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The war in Donbass and its social effects on the local population
Radchenko, Alona ; Kolenovská, Daniela (advisor) ; Šír, Jan (referee)
The bachelor's thesis is devoted to the analysis of the changes that pre-war inhabitants have been facing daily due to the military conflict in the Donbass since 2014. Various spheres of the Donbass people life, experiencing difficulties caused by the war are described. The work is based on the theory of migration explaining the importance of making a decision to leave the region. In order to achieve the aim of the research, non-standardized interviews were conducted using the sociological snowball sampling in the autumn of 2021. The survey involved14 pre- war inhabitants of the region. Subsequently, the respondents were divided into two groups depending on whether they remained in the occupied Donbass or left their homes. The research shows that most often the respondents face problems in the economic and social spheres while determining their future life strategy. The war also had an impact on the mental health. Also, it changed the respondents' understanding of life priorities. In this consideration, the thesis also captures a minority of changes, which were defined by the respondents as positive.
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Ogaden War in the Soviet Foreign Policy
Balazh, Evelina ; Horák, Slavomír (advisor) ; Kolenovská, Daniela (referee)
Thesis "Ogaden War in the Soviet Foreign Policy" aims to describe the dynamic development of Soviet foreign policy in the Horn of Africa. Its main focus is placed on the events preceding the Ogaden War between Ethiopia and Somalia as well as the war itself while attempting to clarify the circumstances that lead to the realignment of USSR's alliance from one African country to the other. Moscow's mutual relations with both governments had been complicated by various factors and therefore it had attempted to seek balance between the two adversaries. The Ogaden War itself represented a shift in the Kremlin policy towards this region. As such, this thesis seeks to explore the circumstances that had caused Moscow's support to be reoriented from a long-term ally of Somalia towards Ethiopia. In analyzing the Soviet behavior a wider context will be presented in regards to its policy in the Third World during the 1970's in the larger framework of Cold War and détente.
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