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Fertility patterns and trends in post-socialist countries contrasted with Sweden and the United States of America
Shermakhanbetuly, Dinmukhamed ; Rychtaříková, Jitka (advisor) ; Kocourková, Jiřina (referee)
The thesis addresses fertility patterns and trends in post-socialist countries of the Czech Republic, the Russian Federation, the Republic of Kazakhstan, the Republic of Latvia and western countries of Sweden and the United States of America during 1999 - 2007 period. Differentials in shifts in fertility behavior including changes in family formation, fertility timing and extramarital childbearing coming from the baby-boom era in western countries and the collapse of state socialist regime in post-socialist countries are described in the thesis. The tendency in changing attitudes to childbearing and the role of the children in the family are obviously seen. After examining the age profile in fertility development for selected countries the role of women according to age group in overall fertility is explained. Share of live births borne outside of marriage in western countries has increased over the past decades. While the vast changes in the proportion of extramarital live births in post-socialist countries observed since entering to the market economy of state management. This is explained by several reasons including less favorable socio-economic conditions during the transition period and changes in social norms in the society. Relationship between the share of extramarital live births and...
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Demographic differentiation of states of the USA
Hájková, Sylva ; Rychtaříková, Jitka (advisor) ; Kocourková, Jiřina (referee)
This thesis deals with differences between individual states of the United States from the demographic point of view, and searches for causes of these differences. United States are composed of several disparate areas, which are different from each other in their location, size, number and composition of the population, and historical evolution. All this affects the demographic characteristics of those territorial units. Probably the main cause of differentiation of individual states is racial composition, since the intensity of demographic events is specific to each race or ethnicity. The states differ in levels of fertility, mortality, marriage or education. To confirm these assumptions, the statistical method canonical correlation was used. Using cluster analysis has revealed that there are groups of states that have similar demographic profile. Most notably, it shows the influence of ethnic and racial composition in the south of the United States, where the highest proportion of populations is composed by black race and hispanic origin. The differentiation of levels of infant mortality and life expectancy are mainly influenced. Key words: United States of America, race, ethnicity, black population, hispanic population, total fertility rate, life expectancy, canonical correlation, cluster analysis
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Analysis of family formation and dissolution processes using multistate demography modelling
Dušek, Zdeněk ; Rychtaříková, Jitka (advisor) ; Kocourková, Jiřina (referee)
The main aim of this thesis is to analyse the development of the processes of family formation and dissolution in the Czech Republic between 1993 and 2008 using multistate demography. By this method, we analyze probability of transition between individual marriage states and events, which characterise these transitions. The first part of the analysis deals with the population as a whole, while the second part analyses only the part of population in fertile ages. LIPRO program was used to create a model of marital status based on data for the Czech Republic as well as for producing a forecast of population divided by marital status for the years of 2019?2023. Other parts of this thesis support the main aim of the thesis. The level of marriage and divorce rate were analysed between 1993 and 2008 as well as potential factors that could influence the level of above mentioned processes. Rising number of cohabitations could be one of those factors and therefore a special attention is paid to the development of this type of coexistence. Socioeconomic development and family and social policy are mentioned as well, because they could also have significant impact on the processes of formation and dissolution of families. The above mentioned factors and their relationship to the marriage rate are analysed using the...
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Induced abortion patterns in the Czech Republic
Mistrová, Aneta ; Kocourková, Jiřina (referee) ; Rychtaříková, Jitka (advisor)
Induced abortion patterns in the Czech Republic One of the objectives of this study is mainly to present trends of induced abortions after 1987, when already the occurence of induced abortions is not influenced (affected) by the restrictive legislative changes. At first, the study is focused on the methodology. Scope in the next part is for induced abortion by age of women, but also according to various differential indicators of abortions. (eg. marital status, education or region). In the end of this chapter is briefly introduced the progression of modern contraceptive immediately related with decrease of intensity of induced abortions. In the next chapter is briefly outlined international comparison, which is difficult due to several circumstances. Another object of this study is to examine attitude of the Czech public towards induced abortions - base on questionnaire. The penultimate chapter is devoted to this topic. There are basic hypothesis given it the introduction of this chapter. In final part is studied public opinion by various criteria (eg. gender, religion or place of residence). In conclusion are summarized the main findings of this study.
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Trends and settings of fertility behaviour in former GDR and FRG
Babková, Eliška ; Kocourková, Jiřina (referee) ; Rychtaříková, Jitka (advisor)
Trends and settings of fertility behaviour in former GDR and FRG Abstract The objective of the study is to analyse fertility trends in the former GDR and FRG after 1952 to the present and to examine the population attitudes towards parenthood. Fertility analysis is concentrated on investigating trends in marital and extramarital live births, total fertility rate, mean age at childbirth and fertility rates by age. Reproductive behaviour in GDR and FRG was different and after unification Germany (3 October 1990) has preserved its specifics. Another part of the study deals with the attitudes of the population of FRG to parenthood and their expectations regarding family policy. The results show that children aren't a major life value for Germans and the demands related to family policy measures are there excessive. The main findings of this study are summarized in the conclusion.
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Nuptiality in Kazakhstan during the period of rapid economic growth
Kozhakhmetova, Aliya ; Kocourková, Jiřina (referee) ; Rychtaříková, Jitka (advisor)
This study primarily addresses nuptiality patterns in Kazakhstan over the period 1999-2007 characterized with rapid economic growth. The data are taken from censuses, vital statistics and other relevant data sources. The data collection is provided by the Agency of Statistics of the Republic of Kazakhstan and the UN Statistics Division. The aim of the thesis is to study marital behavior in the Republic of Kazakhstan, in particular, on differentials by sex, age, nationality and place of residence. During the studied period nuptiality rates arose significantly. Therefore, the question is to what extend the favorable economic development had the impact on positive changes in marital behavior of population. Keywords: Nuptiality, Marriage, Divorce, Kazakhstan, USSR, Economic Growth
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Working age population of Kazakhstan in 1999 - 2007
Karimova, Dinara ; Kocourková, Jiřina (referee) ; Rychtaříková, Jitka (advisor)
The main focus of this master's thesis was the working age population of Kazakhstan during 1999-2007. The size of working age population aged 16-64 rose from 9.6 million people to 10.5 million people during the considered period. We divide the working age population into three main categories such as employed, unemployed and economically inactive population then study these categories of working population by sex, age, educational level, the place of residence and regional dimensions of Kazakhstan. The importance and value of this master's thesis was the calculation of working life tables for the working age population of Kazakhstan. Key words: Kazakhstan, working age population, employed, unemployed, economically inactive population, working life expectancy.
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