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Czechoslovakia 1968. Attempt at Socialism with Human Faces
Švarc, Zdeněk ; Tůma, Oldřich (advisor) ; Kocian, Jiří (referee)
This work considers questions, why the prevention of attempt to socialism with a human face in Czechoslovakia took place in 1968. The work sequentially makes a statement on then political mentality in that era as well as it considers the outer influences that led to an army intervention of Warsaw Pact's lands into Czechoslovakia in August 1968. The work should answer the following question, why the break of sub political progress came true that consequently aimed at the normalization orientation.
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Union of Journalists 1945 - 1948
Cebe, Jan ; Köpplová, Barbara (advisor) ; Jiroušek, Bohumil (referee) ; Kocian, Jiří (referee)
This work titled Union of Journalists in 1945-1948 is trying to capture the period of reconstruction and building of journalistic community life since the end of Nazi occupation till the communist coup in February 1948. Although it captures only a very short period of time from the rich history of the Czech journalist associations, we believe that this is a crucial period. The work is divided into nine chapters. The introductory chapter focuses on the preparation of the establishment of a new journalistic organization. The second chapter deals with the process of "cleansing" in which journalists organization examined journalists and punish their activities during the Nazi occupation. The third chapter describes the process of creating of post-war media legislation, particularly the role that a journalistic organization played in this process. The fourth chapter focuses on the most important moments of internal community life. The fifth chapter is devoted to the Association of imprisoned journalists. The sixth chapter deals with the renewed activity of journalistic organizations in the international forum. It focuses in particular on the International Organization of Journalists (IOJ) in Prague in 1947. The seventh chapter examines the financial situation, and especially union activities in acquiring real...
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Collectivization of Agriculture in the district of Nymburk 1948 - 1953
Rajlová, Lucie ; Kocian, Jiří (advisor) ; Cuhra, Jaroslav (referee)
This diploma work entitled Collectivization of Nymburk district 1948 - 1953 is primarily treated as a brief preview of the beginning of collectivization in the Nymburk district, between1948 and1953. The first part is devoted to describing agriculture in Czechoslovakia and its development after World War II. I will remind the reader of some assumptions on which the cooperative farming, Hradecky program and Ïuriša agricultural laws were based. Part of the text is devoted to circumstances of the post-war ban of the Republican party consisting of agricultural and farming people, formerly Agrarian party - in the postwar political reconstruction. There were many farmers in the ranks of the pre-war Agrarian party. Among them were many of those who were affected most during the years of collectivization practices. The thesis deals with the formation and activities of JZD (collective farms) in selected villages of the Nymburk district during that period. The last section is devoted to the most famous Political processes with Nymburk district farmers and their influence on the atmosphere at the time. The annexes attached to the diploma work contain tables and contemporary propaganda materials. The central part of the work has been developed based on the study of the materials from the State District Archives...
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Struggle for Czechoslovak Social Democracy in the Second Half of 1947
Brož, Jan ; Kocian, Jiří (advisor) ; Tůma, Oldřich (referee)
This bachelor thesis is devoted to the Czechoslovak Social Democracy and its relations with the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia and the Czechoslovak National Socialist Party in the second half of 1947. The text mentions important changes in these relations which occurred in this very period and gives an account of tensions within the Social Democracy as well. The main issue which was discussed inside the Social Democratic Party was the question of cooperation between Social Democrats and Communists. These intraparty tensions distinctively showed up in two events. One was the pact of Communist and Social Democratic solidarity, which was signed in September during negotiations on the Millionaires' Tax, the other was the Brno congress of the Social Democratic Party in November, 1947. This thesis also informs about the Communists' view on intraparty feuding within the Social Democratic Party and tactics which they used in approach to the Czechoslovak Social Democracy. Finally, this text also notifies of the National Socialists' thoughts on cooperation with the Social Democracy.
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Ion Iliescu and his role in the forming of the modern romanian democracy
Kocian, Jiří ; Tejchman, Miroslav (advisor) ; Šístek, František (referee)
The problematic of Romanian transition to democracy after the year 1989 was by its major part determined by the form of previous regime. Because of the extreme pressure and control exercised on the opposition and personal dictatorship of the regime of Nicolae Ceaușescu, no major dissent groups or centers existed, bearing the potential to take part in the overthrow of the regime. In the swift and still unclear events of December 1989, National Salvation Front rose to hold the power, being directed by Ion Iliescu. As a formerly top positioned communist apparatchik, who had been swept out from status and power after several conflicts with Ceausescu, he transferred almost complete communist structure to the newly formed regime, including Securitate, the secret service. Deconstruction of the former regime was actually performed by the execution of the former president and his wife and by trials of several Securitate generals. Iliescu concentrated most of the power around NSF and in contradiction with the original proclamation postponed transition to democracy. The new regime, which was led by Ion Iliescu demonstrated in its ideological presentation and exercise of power apparent similarities with the era of communist rule, nevertheless, it worked under formal democratic framework. Because of this fact,...
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Corruption of Democratic System of ‚2nd Republic' and Radicalization of Political Conditions Presented on Case of National Unity Party and National Labour Party
Jetmar, Jakub ; Kocian, Jiří (advisor) ; Rak, Jiří (referee)
The thesis "Corruption of Democratic System of ‚2nd Republic' and Radicalization of Political Conditions Presented on Case of National Unity Party and National Labour Party" deals mainly with deformation of the parliamentary system, with growth of anti-Semitism, and generally even with an aimed destruction of democracy which had accompanied development of Czech political parties in so called Czech-Slovakia of that period. The introduction chapters are focusing to outline the political situation in the period having been succeeded The Munich Agreement. The following parts are focused on the changes that afflicted not only the interior structure of above mentioned political parties but led also to a decline or even to an entire denial of former ideas, inherent to the previous period of ‚1st Republic', of which these parties had been integral elements.Based on interpretation of both the contemporary and present day publications and periodicals, this thesis aims to be one of tributes revealing the period of ‚2nd Republic',which has not been frequently treated by Czech historiography. This thesis makes an effort to reply questions of these sorts, e.g.: Has that period influenced the historical memory of Czech people? Was that régime a product of a pressure of totalitarian great power, with regard to the...
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Prokop Drtina (1900-1980). The life of a Czech democrat
Koutek, Ondřej ; Kuklík, Jan (advisor) ; Rychlík, Jan (referee) ; Kocian, Jiří (referee)
This dissertation is dedicated to a very important Czech official and later politician Prokop Drtina, whose life was closely linked with the development of democracy in Czechoslovakia. The main objective of this thesis is to draw the attention to this unique person and to illustrate the history of Czechoslovakia on his life story. He was bom on 13 April 1900 into a prominent Czech family. His father, František Drtina, was a famous philosopher and a close collaborator of Professor Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk. Drtina's childhood was very inspiring because he grew up surrounded by then Czech intellectual elite. Y oung Prokop Drtina was conducted by his interest in history and politics to a study of the law faculty in Prague. After studying law, Prokop Drtina started his professional career in the Czech Tax Directorate and his public activities date back to the same time. In 1925, he joined the newly established National Labour Party which, however, totally failed and was disbanded after five years of activity. In 1928, he left it and joined the Czechoslovak National Socialist Party where he stayed to the end of his political career. Prokop Drtina also played an important role in the activities of the prestigious debating club "The Present" ("Přítomnost"). After that, he was also one of the editors of "Democratic...
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The National Assembly in 1945-1948
Dobeš, Jan ; Šouša, Jiří (advisor) ; Kuklík jun., Jan (referee) ; Kocian, Jiří (referee)
The thesis deals with the circumstances under which the National Assembly in Czechoslovakia was renewed and under which it functioned till 1948. It points to the general development in the years 1945-1948, the constitutional situation in Czechoslovakia, the professional composition of the National Assembly and the legal status of its members. The study also shows how the expectations towards the Parliament changed after the 2nd World War. The thesis explains what a role the parliament played under the circumstances of a so called People's Democracy. After the liberation of Czechoslovakia a special political regime was established. Its merits lied in the institution ofNational Assembly. This assembly comprised of all political parties that had been permitted to function in Czechoslovakia. There was a special feature of this regime - there were no opposition and no coalition in a common political sense. All permitted politi cal parties composed the government. In the light ofthat it makes no sense to talk about a parliamentary majority and minority. The thesis investigates the extent to which these extraordinary circumstances marked the parliamentary activities. It argues that though the Parliament was expected to be a reliable partner of a govemment, a part of deputies did not accept this passive role. They...
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Subcarpathian Ruthenia within Czechoslovakia in 1933-1939. Autonomy and state forming efforts
Hurný, Róbert ; Doubek, Vratislav (advisor) ; Kocian, Jiří (referee)
Subcarpathian Ruthenia within Czechoslovakia in 1933-1939. Autonomy and stateforming efforts Subcarpathian Ruthenia was an integral part of Czechoslovakia in the interwar period. On the basis of the peace treaty contracted in Saint-Germain-en-Laye (Septem ber 10, 1019) and the Constitution of the Czechoslovak Republic (February 29, 1920), Subcarpathian Ruthenia should have had an autonomous position in the political-juridi cal system of Czechoslovakia, its autonomous council and an autonomous government corresponding to the council. The central government in Prague was hesitating to impo se a real autonomy of Subcarpathian Ruthenia within the republic because it did not demonstrate satisfying political, national, confessional and economic conditions and represented a continual threat of irredentism from various Carpathoruthenian elements and revisionism emerging from the neighbouring states - mainly Hungary. The central government established it only after Munich Agreement which considerably weakened Czechoslovakia as for its power. The government made an effort to consolidate Cze choslovakia by declaring autonomy of Slovakia and Subcarpathian Ruthenia. This had not happened until the moment when Czechoslovakia was on its way to cease. These autonomous tendencies had its place in a compex game...
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The attempts to restore the Czech civil society in 1968. The social democracy, Club of the engaged non-party men and K 231 - Association of former political prisoners
Hoppe, Jiří ; Kubů, Eduard (advisor) ; Kocian, Jiří (referee) ; Jirásek, Zdeněk (referee)
The major subject of this thesis is to follow the activities of the restoring Czech civil society during the Prague Spring era that were aimed at setting up a plurality political system, at the decomposition of one-party government, or at the changes in the self-contained (closed) National Front system as it had emerged, or had been forcibly formed after 1948 February. The Phenomenon of the restoring civic society has been presented here in three specific models, namely the civic and political activation preserving the efforts to restore a traditional political party (namely Social Democratic Party), to be followed by the pre-political and in its substance clubbing activities of the non-party public in formation of Club of Engaged Non- Party Men, a lucidly nondescript organization; finally then, a formally clearly determinate K- 231 club endeavouring the judicial, civic and social rehabilitation of its members. Within the contexts of the Prague Spring events, these are the most fragrant documents of self-formation of the citizens without assistance of the political power; in the final effects, even against it. The attempt to restore the Social Democracy (Social Democratic Party, SDP in further) during the Prague Spring 1968 era could be appreciated as an intuitive effort to impair the dogma on the so-called...
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