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The role of history in nation-centred social scientists texts from the end of the 19th and beginning of the 20th century: Masaryk, Unamuno, Dmowski, Gökalp
Scholz, Milan ; Klusáková, Luďa (advisor) ; Řezník, Miloš (referee)
The thesis deals with the comparative analysis of the role of history in four nation - centred works from the end of the 19th and the beginning of the 20th century. The complex of analyzed works includes three texts of T. G. Masaryk concerning the so called 'Czech question' - Ceská otázka [Czech Question], Naše nynejší krize [Our Contemporary Crisis], Jan Hus [Jan Hus], Unamuno's book En torno al casticismo, Dmowski's Mysli nowoczesnego Polaka [Thoughts of Modern Pole] and Gökalp's Türkçülüün esaslar [The Foundations of Turkism]. The structural and thematic similarity was the main criterion for the choice of these texts. All texts deal with the problem of 'national existence', combine the features of works in social sciences with the ideological element and use history and historical examples for the construction of national programme. The thesis looks for the similarities and differences in the use of history and in the role of history in constructing national programmes in the analysed texts, and tries to define their typology. Furthermore the treatise examines the relation between the degree of modernization and the political position of respective society (dominant, non - dominant) on one hand and the way of using historical examples on the other. The thesis is divided in five chapters. The first...
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Large cities in the 19th and the 20th centuries - crossroads of transformations. Urbanistic strategies in the comparative perspective
Janata, Michal ; Štaif, Jiří (advisor) ; Klusáková, Luďa (referee)
The primary aim of this work is to formulate the question, whether one can assume that is possible from the concrete historical context of some European cities in 19th century and 20th century taking account of the cities from another cultural territories to deduce typology of policies of urban dynamics of the European large cities in the 19th century and 20th century. Despite of title this work don't keep to select large cities strictly only - London, Paris, Berlin, Vienna. The work begins in Introduction by delineating historic method and topic. Subject of this work can be resume like this: urbanisation as primary meaning of 19th century, chronotop of cities in the 19th century and emergence of urbanism and town planning, i. e. idea that cities require particular diagnostic tools and conceptual language, modernization and industrialization founding origins of industrial cities, the most important infrastructure networks - electricity and sewage -as multiple impacts on urban forms and practices, appeareance of cities in the 20th century and at long last postmodernist epilogue. The focal point of this work is comparison of four urban strategies: haussmannization of Paris, redevelopment of London, the road to Great Berlin a building of Ringstrasse in Vienna. In broad terms, urban theory constitutes a series...
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The role of history in nation-centred social scientists texts from the end of the 19th and beginning of the 20th century: Masaryk, Unamuno, Dmowski, Gökalp
Scholz, Milan ; Řezník, Miloš (referee) ; Klusáková, Luďa (advisor)
The thesis deals with the comparative analysis of the role of history in four nation - centred works from the end of the 19th and the beginning of the 20th century. The complex of analyzed works includes three texts of T. G. Masaryk concerning the so called 'Czech question' - Česká otázka [Czech Question], Naše nynější krize [Our Contemporary Crisis], Jan Hus [Jan Hus], Unamuno's book En torno al casticismo, Dmowski's Myśli nowoczesnego Polaka [Thoughts of Modern Pole] and Gökalp's Türkçülüün esaslar [The Foundations of Turkism]. The structural and thematic similarity was the main criterion for the choice of these texts. All texts deal with the problem of 'national existence', combine the features of works in social sciences with the ideological element and use history and historical examples for the construction of national programme. The thesis looks for the similarities and differences in the use of history and in the role of history in constructing national programmes in the analysed texts, and tries to define their typology. Furthermore the treatise examines the relation between the degree of modernization and the political position of respective society (dominant, non - dominant) on one hand and the way of using historical examples on the other. The thesis is divided in five chapters. The first...
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Picture of Japan in Czech society of 2nd half of the 19th century
Kvasnička, Jiří ; Klusáková, Luďa (advisor) ; Kubiš, Karel (referee)
This thesis intends to capture the image of Japan in Czech society, which was formed in the second half of 19th century. Japan, a country previously almost unknown for European people, had transformed itself from a faraway, mysterious Far Eastem country into a world power during fifty years, which naturally resulted in change of its image in Europe. Reconstruction of historical image in certain society is dependent on sources, which had the greatest influence on view of the world of people of that time. In this thesis, those sources are divided into two categories, "image-creating" and "image-forming". The first one is historical school textbooks of geography, which had the most significant impact on students' way of creating image of the world in their mind. In the second category, there are newspapers, magazines, caricatures and encyclopedias, which helped those students form images in their adult life.
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Places of memory and cultural heritage. On the example of Kutná Hora
Kovářová, Linda ; Randák, Jan (referee) ; Klusáková, Luďa (advisor)
At the beginning of the research there was an interest in the monuments, above all in the monuments registered on the UNESCO's World Heritage List. In my thesis the monuments are perceived as places of memory. According to Pierre Nora places of memory are the places where the sources of our collective memory are grounded, concreted and expressed. The study of places of memory lies on the diffusion of two levels - the first states a certain tradition of memory, the other one describes them in the terms of historiographical documents. Therefore there is introduced also the matter of the monument preservation. As an example of examining the issues in field a strategy of designing a case study of a selected place of memory was chosen. A closer examination of the Czech town of Kutná Hora allows for a more detailed look at the processes through which the meaning attributed to World Heritage takes shape. A case study of Kutná Hora sheds light on the interpretation of World Heritage in the context of a small town and on the problem of the construction of the memory of the place. In 1995, Kutná Hora was picked for the World Heritage List, and thus by definition became a part of a heritage of "outstanding universal value and interest". In the nomination document the emphasis was especially put on the interpretation...
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Bandits and robbers in Central Europe, 18th to 20th century: reality and tradition in a comparative analysis
Votruba, Adam ; Klusáková, Luďa (advisor) ; Maur, Eduard (referee) ; Moravcová, Mirjam (referee)
Za téma své práce jsem si vybral zbojnictví a loupežnictví ve Střední Evropě. Zajímal mě především vztah mezi historickou realitou a ústní tradicí o zbojnících a loupežnících. Snažil jsem se odpovědět na otázku, jakým způsobem a zda vůbec se kulturní a sociální realita tohoto jevu odrážela ve vyprávění a písních venkovského obyvatelstva. Základním předpokladem byla myšlenka, že zbojnictví definované jakožto ,,loupežná činnost venkovského obyvatelstva, která je tolerována či schvalována venkovskou komunitou;· se musela v ústní tradici zobrazit odlišně než jiné typy loupežnictví, kdy je mezi loupežníkem a venkovanem nepřátelství. Samozřejmě jsem nepředpokládal, že tímto odrazem je prostá idealizace loupežníků, kteří podle legendy "bohatým brali a chudým dávali". Především jsem chtěl podrobit kritickému zkoumání předpoklad, který se objevuje v západoslovanské odborné literatuře, že totiž zbojnictví a zbojnická tradice se vyskytují ve Střední Evropě pouze v karpatské oblasti. Je totiž zřejmé, že legendy o dobrých loupežnících se běžně vyskytovaly i mimo tuto oblast. Pokud budeme definovat zbojnickou tradici na základě idealizace loupežníků, pak tedy tato teze neuspěje. Někteří slovenští badatelé se pokoušeli tento rozpor vyřešit tím, že poukazovali na nelidový původ mimokarpatské loupežnické tradice či...
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Ottoman state and society as reflected in rabbinic literature of the 16th-18th centuries
Rubešová, Markéta ; Šedinová, Jiřina (referee) ; Klusáková, Luďa (advisor)
History of Ottoman Jewry is far from being neglected by the modern historiography. On the contrary, one may see unceasing endeavour to deal properly with various aspects of Jewish life amidst the Ottoman society. Nevertheless, these studies vary considerably in the sense of chronology, space and approaches. While some of them focus on certain period and/or region, others wish to present a reader comprehesive synthesis. The aim of my thesis is to grasp mental world of Jewish subjects and to find out how and to what extent these subjects joined day-to-day life in the Ottoman society. For this purpose, Jews are seen as integral element of higly heterogeneous Ottoman society. The thesis is inspired by studies of Yaron Ben-Naeh, who represents the youngest generation of Israeli historians, and whose subject of research is mainly social and cultural history of Jews in the Ottoman empire from 15th to 19th century. In order to make the tensions between society and individual more "legible", we decided to employ the so-called theory of figurations, borrowed from famous sociolog Norbert Elias. The relationship between society (structure) and individual (actor) in historical process is better understood when presented in form of fluid figurations of interdependent people.
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Journeys of Konstantin Jireček and Felix Kanitz around Bulgaria
Beneš, Samuel ; Vojtěchovský, Ondřej (referee) ; Klusáková, Luďa (advisor)
V této práci se budu věnovat analýze cestování, poznávání a následné transformaci viděného do ,,obrazu" Bulharského knížectví a Východní Rumélie1 v 19. století skrze 2 cestopisy, jež patří k zásadním dílům týkajícím se poznávání Balkánu a zejména obrazům, které oba o daných oblastech vytvářejí. Na straně jedné to jsou "Cesty po Bulharsku" českého profesora dějepisu Konstantina Jirečka, klíčové osobnosti středoevropské slavistiky a balkanistiky konce 19. století a jeho nejvýznamnějšího předchůdce Felixe Kanitze, jehož ,, Donau-Bulgarien und der Balkan: Historisch-geographisch-etnograpische Reisestudien aus Jahren 1860-1875" patřila ve své době k stěžejním pracím týkajícím se Balkánského poloostrova.2 Pro mou práci bude nejvýznamnější druhý svazek tohoto celkem trojsvazkového díla, protože právě on je nejvíce věnován cestování. V první kapitole stručně představím Konstantina Jirečka a popíši jeho životní dráhu, která jej zavedla z vídeňského Tereziana3 přes Prahu až do služeb Bulharského knížectví. Obdobně představím i budapešťského rodáka Felixe Filipa Kanitze. V druhé kapitole se budu zabývat cestováním obou těchto středoevropských vědců po území Bulharského knížectví jako takovým, přičemž mým cílem bude rozebrat způsoby a možnosti cestovaní po dané oblasti a poté zejména analyzovat a následně komparovat...
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Perception of Moors in Elizabethan England
Bielková, Andrea ; Klusáková, Luďa (advisor) ; Křížová, Markéta (referee)
The thesis focuses on the perception of African population in Elizabethan England. It attempts to clarify the social context and environment in which the image of an African - a dark-skinned individual - emerged and developed. The main questions the thesis aspires to answer are as follows: what social phenomena had crucial impact on the formation and transformation of the image of the Other, and what form did the image resulting from these took upon; if and how were these factors reflected in the popular culture. The main sources for the analysis are primarily travel literature and theatre production of the Elizabethan period. Key words: Elizabeth I; Moors; Negroes; travel literature; George Best; Richard Hakluyt; Elizabethan drama; Othello; The Merchant of Venice; Battle of Alcazar; Lust's Dominion; Titus Andronicus; Morocco; Berbery
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