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THE ETHICAL PROBLEMS OF HOME HELP AND POSSIBILITES OF TREIR SOLUTIONS ACCORDING TO BASIC ETHICAL ATTITUDES
Špaček, Miroslav ; Keřkovský, Pavel (advisor) ; Fischer, Ondřej (referee)
This thesis deals with the theme of ethical problems and dilemmas we can meet when providing day care. The basic ethical norms for solving these problems are presented in the first part. Chosen ethical problems and dilemmas of various cases of day care practice are described in the next part. The attitude of the Law of Social Services as the basic legal norm for providing day care service in the Czech Republic follows each of the cases. Afterwards, each case is considered in the relation to the Ethical Code of social workers in the Czech Republic. This code contains ethical principles and the rules of ethical behaviour of a social worker towards the client, colleagues, employers and society. Then the care is judged from the point of view of some ethical theories. Next, the real solving of the case and its assessment from the point of view of the ethical norms of treatment is presented. The results of solving concrete situations are compared according to different ethical theories in the final part. This thesis does not include a questionnaire because of the individual attitude to the client and the theoretical orientation of this work. KEY WORDS The Law Of Social Services, The Ethical Code Of The Social Workers In The Czech Republic, day care, social worker, health visitor, client, the contract of...
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Ethical problems of the elderly when coming to terms with the imanence of death
Eberson, Arthur Markus ; Keřkovský, Pavel (advisor) ; Halama, Jindřich (referee)
In this thesis we will reflect on the ethical problems faced by seniors in their final phase of life. Old age and the time, when seniors must face the idea of near death, are associated with the whole complex of issues. The objective of this thesis is not only to describe some phenomena observed in this period of life, but it also objects to a comprehensive probe into the final period of the senior's lives. Therefore, at the beginning we will try to describe the various manifestations of aging and approaching the death so that we can monitor their development and changes, especially with regard to the psyche and social contacts. In the following section the ethical problems which the seniors have to face will be described, and we will think about the options of solutions to these ethical issues. Of course, we will also take into consideration the differences in the approaches of the seniors who are and are not believers. We will focus primarily on the ethical issues in terminal stages of the life and the ethical conflicts that are directly related to dying and the death. We won't disregard the question of euthanasia and controlled suicide, brief history of the problem will also be included. Of course, it will be discussed primarily in ethical and theological terms.
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Suicide and Self-Sacrifice
Růžičková, Lucie ; Halama, Jindřich (advisor) ; Keřkovský, Pavel (referee)
Annotation: The topic of my thesis is 'suicide' and 'self-sacrifice'. The main target of the paper is to become familiar with the terms 'suicide' and 'self-sacrifice' and to find a difference between the two terms with reference to the ethical assessment. The paper has two theoretical parts. In the first part I briefly define terms 'suicide' and 'self-sacrifice' based on literature exploding some common myths and I present medical, psychological, sociological and theological knowledge on the subject. I also study historical, as well as cultural development of a suicide classification, methods, forms and means of the suicidal act and its specifics according to age, gender and different motives. The second part of the paper is dedicated to the Jan Palach case. In this part, I am trying to answer the question of whether the Palach's act is to be considered a suicide or self-sacrifice and I am also considering its ethical acceptability. I am examining motives of Palach's act, his life story, conducts and opinions, and I am dealing with responses of contemporary as well as present authors and the church representatives. At the same time, I also carry on my own critical evaluation and I am trying to answer the question whether the Palach's burn-to death act is for me an acceptable form of a ...
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The Relationship of an individual and the state in the Elements of the Philosophy of Right of G. W. F. Hegel
Navrátilová, Olga ; Keřkovský, Pavel (advisor) ; Kranát, Jan (referee)
The motive of this diploma thesis The Relationship of an Individual and the State in the Elements of the Philosophy of Right of G. W. F. Hegel is to cope with the one-sided - but in the Czech Republic widespread - liberal critic of Hegel's political philosophy, which accuses this philosopher of etatism and suppressing the freedom of individual. The first part of the thesis briefly deals with the question of the relation between the citizen and the state in the political philosophies of Hegel's most important modern predecessors: Thomas Hobbes, John Locke, Jean-Jacques Rousseau and Immanuel Kant. The second part introduces the main features of Hegel's political philosophy followed by a look at the connection between Hegel's theory of state and his philosophy of history. The main part of the thesis focuses on presenting the Elements of the Philosophy of Right in view of the theme of thesis. The conclusion tries to summarize the acquired information and to outline the unsolved problems. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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The Natural Law In The Work Of Božena Komárková
Vrátníková, Petra ; Keřkovský, Pavel (advisor) ; Trojan, Jakub (referee)
Božena Komárková put her brain to a natura law/natural justice in her study of human rights. She said that a natural law is unnatural artificial human aftifact. Komárková was influenced by The Bible and a Biblical way of a justice, law and human institutions and orders. They lost their absolute validity/authenticity, they were relative in The Bible. In The Bible is not exist any natural law. There is not only one absolute Decalog - one ordinary code - in the biblical canon There are more of the Decalogs and each of them is contextualized. The Bible helps us to find new dimension (terrestrial-time, corporeality and interpersonal) of ouf being. Komárková find an influence of biblical way of thinking in The Reformation. There is adiscrepancy between a reformation way of law and a natural law. Komárková advised of a fact that Jean Calvin finished the epoch of traditional natural law thinking. Disagreement of Karl Barth with every kind of a natural law in ethical area is just his objective disagreement with a natural theology. Komárková heavy said that a natural law is far away from The Christianity. Komárková see the faith in living God as a barrier against human tendency to absolute all knowledge. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Sanctity of Life - Defence oh Bioetics Principle
Vodová, Jana ; Halama, Jindřich (advisor) ; Keřkovský, Pavel (referee)
The thesis titled "Sanctity of life - defence of bioethics principle" focuses on current ethical issues concerning the human life and medicine. The defence of the Sanctity of life doctrine, whose importance is diminishing due to current social changes and technological advances, will be based on both church and secural arguments. The aim of the thesis is to explain the doctrine and try to prove that it is still valid even beyond the religious field. The focus of the study narrows to the problems of intentional withdrawing treatment causing death, practise of passive and active euthanasia and negative implications connected with such a practise. Further, the principles and opinions of two bioethic doctrines Sanctity of life and Quality of life will be compared for both of which expressions such as dignity, value of human being and quality of life are very important. However, it is necessary to say, that it is the interpretation of these key points and especially the conclusions drawn from them what divides these two principles essentially. Quality of life doctrine represents a theory, that can be easily misused in the medical care area and this thesis attempts to challenge and disprove it, primarily because we can already see the alarming consequences of the doctrine put into practice. Medical oaths and...
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Spirituality in Seriously Ill and Dying Patients
Špaček, Martin ; Lachman, Jan (advisor) ; Keřkovský, Pavel (referee)
This thesis focuses on spirituality particularly in relation to dying and death. It aims to provide an introduction to spirituality for health care professionals - especially physicians - as well as to discuss possible ways of addressing spiritual concerns in complex care of patients. The secularization of modern society and technological advance in medicine have extensively marginalized death and dying. However, hospice movement and palliative care reintroduced a new model of "good death" and revived interest and recognition of spirituality of seriously ill and dying patients. Despite multiple official recommendations including World Health Organization statements spirituality has a low profile both in our society and health care system, spiritual issues are generally not considered in medical education or in training of allied professions. Spirituality - as well as religion - is a complex phenomenon and may be discovered and expressed in wide variety of ways, depending on cultural and religious traditions. Medical staff should be able to identify and address spiritual issues of importance to their patients, not only in the end-of-life issues but also during the course of treatment. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Christianity and Environmentalism, The Historical Roots of Ecological Crisis
Kameník, Pavel ; Halama, Jindřich (advisor) ; Keřkovský, Pavel (referee)
Man should not look for a single center or program in ecosystems, much less for subjective experiences. Instead, one should look for a matrix, for interconnections between centers of science for creative stimulus and open their potential. Humans have more understanding than ever of the natural world they inhabit, of the speciating processes, more predictive power to foresee the intended and unintended results of their actions, and more power to reverse the undesirable consequences. Several billion years worth of creative toil, several million species of teeming life, have been handed over to the care of this late-coming species in which mind has flowered and morals have Fortunately, it is often evident that human welfare depends on ecosystemic support, and in this sense all our legislation about clean air, clean water, soil conservation and so forth is concerned about ecosystem level processes. One of the levels is environmental ethics of naturalism and Christian responsibility. It seems to be one of historical roots of our ecological crisis. That is why we have to learn to listen to the Earth and find our new response or revert to our initial function. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Guilty conscience as a way to Goodness
Gallasová Pilecká, Kristýna ; Trojan, Jakub (referee) ; Keřkovský, Pavel (advisor)
The intention of my thesis is to explain the issue of guilt as a natural part of a human life. I try to consider different approaches to quilt as they have passed during the centuries until now. I also briefly consider the psychological insight into dealing with our own quilt. Starting point to my understanding of guilty conscience as a way to goodness is Jasper's conception of guilt. Jasper's division of guilt into four elements is fundamental for my recognition of four levels of guilt in biblical events of the Old and New Testament. However Jasper's recognition of guilt can not be fully compared to biblical events, it can be considered as a pattern that is actual to current times. My intention is to point out guilty conscience that forms and outlines human determination, gives knowledge of faith that is necessary for dealing with quilt. Guilty conscience that opens a horizon of faith is illustrated especially in biblical events that create pattern situations either for a human of the 21st century. Guilty conscience is actually of future characteristics since it opens a level of life that is formed by religious or transcendence faith. My thesis tries to consider quilt as a dynamics of life for such knowledge refers to the past but particularly shows the way to the future. Last but not least guilty...
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Humility as the Premise of the Perfect Following of Christ
Jirsová, Barbora ; Halama, Jindřich (advisor) ; Keřkovský, Pavel (referee)
This work on a field of Theological Ethics concerns the subject of humility, an important Christian virtue, and researches its significance for Christian practice and spiritual life in general. According to Biblical studies humility as a willing self-humiliation belongs to the essential characteristic of God's incarnation of Christ to the world and of the whole of Jesus' life, his death on the cross included. From this point of view humility as self-transcendence proves to be the premise of the ideal of following Christ. The author therefore perceives the issue of humility as a challenge for daily Christian practice. The work also points out the universal value of humility and it offers the authors' own view on humility as one of the most important aspects of interfaith and intercultural dialogue - and of dialogue per se. The theme embodies a discourse on psychology, which allows an interdisciplinary discussion. Besides the Bible the main sources of this presented thesis are writings of Christian mystics, especially Thomas A Kempis, and works of theologians - Augustine of Hippo, Martin Luther, Dietrich Bonhoeffer and Jan Heller. Emphasizing the universal feature of humility, concrete examples of "living humility" are approached through the life and writings of personalities from four different spiritual...
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