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The concept of epidemiological transition: Follow-up approaches
Klicperová, Barbora ; Hulíková Tesárková, Klára (advisor) ; Kašpar, Dan (referee)
The concept of epidemiological transition: Follow-up approaches Abstract The main objective of the Bachelor Thesis is to create an overview of the most important approaches to defining and expanding theory of epidemiological transition. This work is based on the epidemiological transition theory introduced by Abdel R. Omran in 1971 who defined, within this theory, three basic phases, age of pestilence and famine, age of receding pandemics and age of degenerative and man-made diseases, during which infectious and parasitic diseases are gradually displaced by degenerative and man-made diseases. Omran's assumptions of the future development of mortality by causes of death, however, proved to be mistaken. In response to further significant changes in the structure of mortality and morbidity the concept of epidemiological transition was developed. Therefore, the new approaches of the concept of the epidemiological transition were formulated. These approaches regulated or supplemented the original concept of entirely new phases. This work, based on the scientific articles of authors who have dealt with the issue of the epidemiological transition, represents a possible follow-up approaches to epidemiological transition theory which are for better illustration and clarity of succession represented using tables....
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Analysis of morbidity and mortality on diabetes mellitus in selected European countries
Verbíř, Petr ; Burcin, Boris (advisor) ; Kašpar, Dan (referee)
Analysis of morbidity and mortality on diabetes mellitus in selected European countries Abstract The aim of the bachelor thesis was analysis of diabetes mellitus morbidity and mortality in selected European countries. The morbidity of diabetes was analyzed using prevalence of diabetes. For analysis of mortality on diabetes, age-standardized mortality rates for all age groups and age-standardized mortality rates for age group 20-39, 40-64 a 65 and above were calculated between 1995 and 2014. Next, case fatality rate of diabetes was analyzed. Based on results, it was found that morbidity of diabetes increased in most of selected countries. The highest prevalence were in Slovenia, Germany and Spain. Thanks to analysis of mortality was found that intensity of mortality on diabetes for all age groups decreased in majority of selected countries, exceptions were Czechia, Croatia, Latvia, Hungary and Poland. In intensity of mortality on diabetes for all age groups, there was predominance of men in all selected countries but the differences were not great. Mortality on diabetes at age group 65 and above had the most significant impact on intensity of mortality on diabetes for all age groups. The greatest differences in mortality on diabetes between sexes were in age group 40-64. Keywords: diabetes mellitus,...
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Comparison of specific characteristics of mortality in the Czech Republic and Slovakia from time of their independence
Sehnalová, Barbora ; Hulíková Tesárková, Klára (advisor) ; Kašpar, Dan (referee)
Comparison of specific characteristics of mortality in the Czech Republic and Slovakia from time of their independence Abstract The main aim of the thesis is to compare the differences in mortality trends in the Czech Republic and Slovakia during 1993-2013. The development of mortality is analyzed according to age, sex and five causes of death using the life expectancy at birth, life expectancy at age 25 and 65, standardized mortality rate of chosen causes of deaths and age specific mortality rate. Results of the analytical part of the thesis show that mortality trends decreased during 1993- 2013 but the differences among mortality in both selected countries occurred. Mortality in both the analyzed countries differed above all for cardiovascular diseases and neoplasms. Keywords: mortality, Czech Republic, Slovakia, causes of death, age, sex
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Mortality convergence and divergence tendencies in selected European countries
Kašpar, Dan ; Hulíková Tesárková, Klára (advisor) ; Burcin, Boris (referee)
The purpose of this thesis is to introduce theoretical and analytical approaches to mortality convergence and divergence tendencies and assessment of these tendencies in the European area since late 1950s using selected analytical tools. In the considered period fundamental changes in mortality development in Europe were observed. The theoretical part of this study deals with the assumptions of mortality convergence and divergence which are included in significant demographic theories and concepts. In the practical part of this thesis, there are analyzed convergence and divergence tendencies of life expectancy at birth in 28 European countries between the years 1959 and 2009 using selected basic statistical characteristics of variability as well as of indicators that consider state population size. Divergence tendencies of mortality since the 1970s are documented and quantified, the specific development of convergence and divergence from the mortality point of view in post-communist states at the end of the 20th century is observed. Next, possibilities of future convergence of mortality in the Czech Republic to states with more favorable initial mortality conditions on the basis of the development of life expectancy at the exact age of 65 in the period 1990-2009 are evaluated. According to this approach,...
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The concept of epidemiological transition: Follow-up approaches
Klicperová, Barbora ; Hulíková Tesárková, Klára (advisor) ; Kašpar, Dan (referee)
The concept of epidemiological transition: Follow-up approaches Abstract The main objective of the Bachelor Thesis is to create an overview of the most important approaches to defining and expanding theory of epidemiological transition. This work is based on the epidemiological transition theory introduced by Abdel R. Omran in 1971 who defined, within this theory, three basic phases, age of pestilence and famine, age of receding pandemics and age of degenerative and man-made diseases, during which infectious and parasitic diseases are gradually displaced by degenerative and man-made diseases. Omran's assumptions of the future development of mortality by causes of death, however, proved to be mistaken. In response to further significant changes in the structure of mortality and morbidity the concept of epidemiological transition was developed. Therefore, the new approaches of the concept of the epidemiological transition were formulated. These approaches regulated or supplemented the original concept of entirely new phases. This work, based on the scientific articles of authors who have dealt with the issue of the epidemiological transition, represents a possible follow-up approaches to epidemiological transition theory which are for better illustration and clarity of succession represented using tables....
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Selected theoretical and analytical approaches of demography to mortality at the highest age groups: illustration on selected countries
Kašpar, Dan ; Hulíková Tesárková, Klára (advisor) ; Kurtinová, Olga (referee)
Since the beginning of the 20th century the life expectancy, particularly in developed countries has risen at an unprecedented rate in human history. Demographers face the question whether the increase in life expectancy is caused by decreasing mortality at younger age-groups or whether it is also associated with the extension of human longevity. The objective of this work is to introduce theoretical and analytical approaches to mortality at the highest age-groups focused on cohort approach. The theoretical part of the study presents hypotheses that attempt to support the existence of the limit of human life. Groups of thoughts of authors in accordance with the limit of life expectancy they expect are introduced. In the text, there is followed also the discussion of selected authors dealing with methods used for estimation of the trend and potential limit of the life expectancy. For France, Sweden and the Czech Republic the cohort analysis of mortality for ages 80-105 and higher in generations 1866-1896 is analyzed. Results show reduced mortality at the highest age-groups in France and Sweden and its stagnation for the Czech women and rising for the Czech men.
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