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Vegetation diversity of abandoned settlements
Poslová, Kateřina ; Vojta, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Kačmar, Martin (referee)
In my bachelor thesis I am concerned with influence of abandoned settlement and historical land use on vegetation. I am interested in settlements of different age and type - from ancient settlements, medieval castles and villages to villages that were abandoned in modern times. I am also concerned in diversity, composition and development of plant communities and with influence on soils. I am also interested in the question of persistence of anthropogenic influence on landscape. Settlement and land use largely influence landscape. They alter diversity of vegetation, quality of soil and relief of landscape. These changes can be lasting or maybe irreversible. Nutrients are acumulated and pH is risen in abandoned settlements. Nitrophilous and ruderal species are also much more frequent than in ancient forests around. Human can enrich diversity of vegetation in landscape by his influence. Mutual comparison of influence between similar types of settlements in landscapes with different climate and sub-soil may be another direction in future research. Key words: abandoned settlements, medieval castles, villages, diversity, vegetation, secondary forest, historical land use, nutrients, pH
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Diversity and management of coppices and coppices with st andards
Fasterová, Zuzana ; Münzbergová, Zuzana (advisor) ; Kačmar, Martin (referee)
This thesis deals with diversity and management of various types of forest manager as coppices and coppices-with-standards. Management is introduced here as the main factor determining the conditions in the undergrowth, especially the amount of light falling on the herb layer, heterogeneity of vegetation and circulation of nutrients. Thanks to active management the diversity of vegetation in these forests is very high. After cessation of coppice management diversity decreases rapidly, which is caused by change of the forest structure and by the absence of light in the ground floor. The undergrowth is also influenced by other factors, such as forest pasture and global environmental changes. In some European countries, the coppice management is reintroduced as a mean to protect biodiversity today.
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Diversity and management of coppices and coppices with st andards
Fasterová, Zuzana ; Münzbergová, Zuzana (advisor) ; Kačmar, Martin (referee)
This thesis deals with diversity and management of various types of forest manager as coppices and coppices-with-standards. Management is introduced here as the main factor determining the conditions in the undergrowth, especially the amount of light falling on the herb layer, heterogeneity of vegetation and circulation of nutrients. Thanks to active management the diversity of vegetation in these forests is very high. After cessation of coppice management diversity decreases rapidly, which is caused by change of the forest structure and by the absence of light in the ground floor. The undergrowth is also influenced by other factors, such as forest pasture and global environmental changes. In some European countries, the coppice management is reintroduced as a mean to protect biodiversity today.
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Vegetation diversity of abandoned settlements
Poslová, Kateřina ; Vojta, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Kačmar, Martin (referee)
In my bachelor thesis I am concerned with influence of abandoned settlement and historical land use on vegetation. I am interested in settlements of different age and type - from ancient settlements, medieval castles and villages to villages that were abandoned in modern times. I am also concerned in diversity, composition and development of plant communities and with influence on soils. I am also interested in the question of persistence of anthropogenic influence on landscape. Settlement and land use largely influence landscape. They alter diversity of vegetation, quality of soil and relief of landscape. These changes can be lasting or maybe irreversible. Nutrients are acumulated and pH is risen in abandoned settlements. Nitrophilous and ruderal species are also much more frequent than in ancient forests around. Human can enrich diversity of vegetation in landscape by his influence. Mutual comparison of influence between similar types of settlements in landscapes with different climate and sub-soil may be another direction in future research. Key words: abandoned settlements, medieval castles, villages, diversity, vegetation, secondary forest, historical land use, nutrients, pH
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Rozšíření tisu červeného v České republice se zřetelem na jeho ekologickou amplitudu‚ vyhodnocení rizikových faktorů a zpracování komplexního návrhu opatření pro záchranu tohoto silně ohroženého druhu
Ústav pro výzkum lesních ekosystémů, s.r.o., Jílové u Prahy ; Kačmar, Martin ; Zatloukal, Vladimír
Základním cílem projektu je zastavení poklesu biologické rozmanitosti ochranou vzácného a ohroženého druhu tisu červeného (taxus baccata). Projekt si klade za cíl zpracovat návrh managementu populací a záchranných programů tisu na základě výzkumu jeho biologie, ekologie a rozšíření včetně návrhu dlouhodobého, udržitelného hospodaření a péče v chráněných územích a v navazujících ekosystémech. Byly vypracovány Metodika managementu populace tisu červeného v přírodní rezervaci V Horách (Terešovské tisy) a v souvisejícím územím se zřetelem na posílení jeho populace v daném území a záchranu genofondu tohoto silně ohroženého druhu a metodiky péče o populaci tisu červeného v CHKO Moravský kras. Jsou uvedeny výsledky rozsáhlého terénního výzkumu, sběru dat, pořizování fotodokumentace. Je připravována databáze o současných populacích tisu, jejich vlastnostech, zdravotním stavu, míře ohrožení a stavu biotopu.
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