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Distribution and genetic variation of invasive crayfish of the genus Orconectes
Filipová, Lenka ; Petrusek, Adam (advisor) ; Kozák, Pavel (referee)
Crayfish are an important part of European fauna, but since the 19th century native crayfish species have been largely influenced by biological invasions, when large number of their populations was dramatically reduced due to the introduction of the pathogen of the crayfish plague (oomycete Aphanomyces astaci) to Europe. Several North American crayfish species were then brought to the European continent to substitute lost populations of native crayfish, the most widespread being the spiny-cheek crayfish (Orconectes limosus), the signal crayfish (Pacifastacus leniusculus) and the red swamp crayfish (Procambarus clarkii). However, these crayfish can carry pathogen of the crayfish plague and therefore represent a serious threat to the native species. My work focused mostly on the spiny-cheek crayfish (O. limosus). Available literature data suggest that the species was brought to Europe only once, and all European individuals may be descendants of the founder population. However, other cases of introduction may not have been documented, and cannot be ruled out. The first aim of my thesis was to evaluate the haplotype variation of the spiny-cheek crayfish populations from Europe and North America. Mitochondrial gene for cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (COI) of selected O. limosus individuals from several...
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Spatial distribution of the European catfish Silurus glanis influenced by familiarity
Fořt, Martin ; Slavík, Ondřej (advisor) ; Kozák, Pavel (referee)
One of the key elements of animal social behaviour is the recognition of individuals on the basis of previous experience. This relationship is called familiarity and affects individual's behaviour. We know many examples of familiarity-based behaviour among fish. Many results show that familiarity is advantageous. Familiar individuals are less aggressive, forage more, make more cohesive shoals and grow faster. We tested the influence of the familiarity on the spatial distribution of juvenile wels catfish Silurus glanis from two unfamiliar groups, which were held in separate tanks. In a laboratory experiment was the spatial distribution of individuals monitored in the artificial stream by using passive integrated transponders. Shelters, which were occupied by individuals, were placed in the stream. Two groups of fish were subsequently added into the experiment under conditions of limited or unlimited shelters. These groups came from the same tank (so they were familiar) or from different tanks (so they were unfamiliar). 1080 individuals were used in this experiment and over three million individual fish positions were recorded. We discovered changing levels of activity under different conditions. When we compared activity of original and additional individuals, we measured higher level of activity in...
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Spatial distribution of the European catfish Silurus glanis influenced by familiarity
Fořt, Martin ; Slavík, Ondřej (advisor) ; Kozák, Pavel (referee)
One of the key elements of animal social behaviour is the recognition of individuals on the basis of previous experience. This relationship is called familiarity and affects individual's behaviour. We know many examples of familiarity-based behaviour among fish. Many results show that familiarity is advantageous. Familiar individuals are less aggressive, forage more, make more cohesive shoals and grow faster. We tested the influence of the familiarity on the spatial distribution of juvenile wels catfish Silurus glanis from two unfamiliar groups, which were held in separate tanks. In a laboratory experiment was the spatial distribution of individuals monitored in the artificial stream by using passive integrated transponders. Shelters, which were occupied by individuals, were placed in the stream. Two groups of fish were subsequently added into the experiment under conditions of limited or unlimited shelters. These groups came from the same tank (so they were familiar) or from different tanks (so they were unfamiliar). 1080 individuals were used in this experiment and over three million individual fish positions were recorded. We discovered changing levels of activity under different conditions. When we compared activity of original and additional individuals, we measured higher level of activity in...
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Distribution and genetic variation of invasive crayfish of the genus Orconectes
Filipová, Lenka ; Petrusek, Adam (advisor) ; Kozák, Pavel (referee)
Crayfish are an important part of European fauna, but since the 19th century native crayfish species have been largely influenced by biological invasions, when large number of their populations was dramatically reduced due to the introduction of the pathogen of the crayfish plague (oomycete Aphanomyces astaci) to Europe. Several North American crayfish species were then brought to the European continent to substitute lost populations of native crayfish, the most widespread being the spiny-cheek crayfish (Orconectes limosus), the signal crayfish (Pacifastacus leniusculus) and the red swamp crayfish (Procambarus clarkii). However, these crayfish can carry pathogen of the crayfish plague and therefore represent a serious threat to the native species. My work focused mostly on the spiny-cheek crayfish (O. limosus). Available literature data suggest that the species was brought to Europe only once, and all European individuals may be descendants of the founder population. However, other cases of introduction may not have been documented, and cannot be ruled out. The first aim of my thesis was to evaluate the haplotype variation of the spiny-cheek crayfish populations from Europe and North America. Mitochondrial gene for cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (COI) of selected O. limosus individuals from several...
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Taxation of financial institutions
Kozák, Pavel ; Láchová, Lenka (advisor) ; Matějka, Václav (referee)
The submitted diploma thesis deals with the taxation of financial institutions, focusing on current trends in this field. Its aim is to analyze and compare implemented forms of taxation of financial institutions in selected countries. The first chapter provides the analysis of taxation of financial institutions in the Czech Republic and focuses on the specifics related to corporate income tax and value added tax. The second chapter discusses the approach to the taxation of financial institutions in selected countries where the focus is on the financial stability contribution, financial activities tax and financial transaction tax. The third chapter deals with the development of the implementation of the financial transaction tax in the European Union. Moreover, briefly describes the process of these discussions and examines the current proposal for a Council Directive implementing enhanced cooperation in the area of financial transaction tax. The thesis also contains an approximate prediction of tax revenues in case that the Czech Republic implemented the European financial transaction tax.
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Comparison of the rules of tax incentives for research and development in selected OECD countries
Kozák, Pavel ; Říhová, Lucie (advisor) ; Doležalová, Ivana (referee)
Bachelor thesis deals with questions about tax incentives for research and development realized in the business sector. Its aim is to analyze and compare the rules of tax incentives for research and development. The subjects of analysis and comparison are systems of tax incentives for research and development used in 10 selected OECD countries (including the Czech Republic). The first part defines research and development according to Frascati manual and describes the commonly used tools to support research and development. In the second part there is carried out analysis of tax incentive systems for supporting research and development in selected OECD countries. The second part also deals with the comparison of approaches for tax incentives for research and development among selected countries. In conclusion, there are several possible recommendations for Czech tax policy in area of research and development.
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