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Key barriers, opportunities and good practices for entrepreneurship and innovation
Křížková, Alena ; Marková Volejníčková, Romana ; Pospíšilová, Marie ; Vohlídalová, Marta
The report is focused on barriers, opportunities and good practices for gender-sensitive innovations and entrepreneurship. It is based on the analysis of 36 interviews with experts from the health, green and digital fields and the target groups defined in the quadruple helix of academia, citizens, industry, and government. The interviews were collected by 12 GILL partners in the 10 consortium countries in 2023. Gender stereotypical cultural beliefs and norms, masculine bias, gender segregation, lack of funding, lack of policies to support work-life balance and lack of political will and empirical evidence to remove these barriers are the main problems identified. The opportunities reflected largely correspond to these barriers and highlight the role of key actors, such as the EU, in setting standards. Projects focusing on fixing the number of women under-represented in certain fields and occupations and management positions predominate among good practices.
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Performance of children in rural and urban schools in athletics
Křížková, Amálie ; Kašpar, Ladislav (advisor) ; Bunc, Václav (referee)
The theoretical part of this bachelor's thesis includes a critique of resources which were used. The history of athletics is summarized, the selected athletic disciplines (which are more analysed in the practical part), as well as movement skills (dexterity-coordination, strength, speed and endurance) are characterized. Older school age is defined including mental, motor and social features. This part also describes the sports equipment of primary schools. The research part focuses on selected urban and rural schools in Louny district. It analyses its basic equipment suitable for athletics. It also processes the measured data obtained in particular schools and offers descriptive statistics. The achievements of boys and girls are analysed and compared. The chosen research tool was the measurement of individual athletic disciplines: 60 m run, long jump, high jump and 1000 m run. The thesis also suggests how to use the obtained data in teaching practice.
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Českou veřejnost trápí nerovnosti v odměňování žen a mužů i diskriminace. Tisková zpráva
Křížková, Alena ; Zachariášová, L. ; Havlíková, P.
Společná tisková zpráva Sociologického ústavu AV ČR, v.v.i., Otevřené společnosti a NESEHNUTÍ ze dne 5. února 2018.\nZnevýhodnění v odměňování mezi muži a ženami, nedostatečný postup žen na vyšší pozice či překážky při přijímacích pohovorech představují nejzásadnější problémy, které odhalil reprezentativní průzkum Sociologického ústavu AV ČR, v.v.i. Minimálně jednou za svůj život se s těmito překážkami setkalo téměř 60 % žen a 39 % mužů. Dotazy na soukromý a rodinný život jsou pro ženy stále běžnou součástí přijímacích pohovorů do zaměstnání. Nejčastěji se s nimi setkávají ženy, které již mají děti, a ženy ve věkové skupině 30–44 let. Celkem je ale potvrzuje 58 % žen a 24,6 % mužů.
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Extension of Working Lives in the Czech Republic: Employee Situation. Policy brief DAISIE project
Křížková, Alena ; Dudová, Radka ; Pospíšilová, Marie ; Heřmanová, Marie
This policy brief summarises research project results examining ageing conditions across three sectors: transport, healthcare and banking. It aims to respond to the still insufficient discussion on the needs and opportunities of women and men of pre-retirement age and in the process of retirement in the Czech labour market. Gender and age inequalities accumulate over the life course resulting in significantly lower pensions for women compared to men or making it impossible to retire with a decent pension. Uniform retirement ages does not suit everyone equally. The organisation of work in specific occupations has specific negative effects on the health of older women and men. Changes in profession, position or working time in pre-retirement age is not easily obtainable. The policy brief suggests recommendations for state and policy makers, employers as well as good practice examples. Also published in Czech: https://www.soc.cas.cz/sites/default/files/publikace/daisie_policy_brief_cz.pdf
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Marginal Abatement Costs of Greenhouse Gas Emissions: A Meta-Analysis
Křížková, Alžběta ; Havránek, Tomáš (advisor) ; Ščasný, Milan (referee)
This thesis uses up-to-date meta-analysis methods to produce a systematic summary of the literature on marginal abatement costs (MAC) of greenhouse gas emissions. It collects 242 MAC estimates for 2030 and 2050 from 59 studies. Besides the usual tests for publication bias, the study employs several modern non-linear tests, such as the TOP 10, the Kink method, the Stem method, and others. Subsequently, Bayesian model averaging is performed for the first time in MAC literature to reveal a mild negative publication bias for the MAC in 2050. The thesis reveals that newer studies provide higher estimates of MAC. Other factors influencing MAC estimation are the size of stabilisation targets, emissions baseline, utilising the LEAP model, the inclusion of other greenhouse gases besides carbon dioxide, and considering the long-run decision making. Several robustness checks are conducted along the way to confirm the selection of the dataset and the robustness of the BMA analysis (using weighted BMA, FMA, OLS). The true value of MAC in 2030 corrected for publication bias is around 32 EUR/tCO2-eq, while for 2050, it is 59 EUR/tCO2-eq. 1
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