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Teaching the theme human parasites on grammar school.
Houšková, Barbora ; Janštová, Vanda (advisor) ; Havlová, Michaela (referee)
Nowdays, when people travel all around the world and they can become infected with different parasites, teaching about human parasites shouldn't be neglected even in education on primary and grammar schools. In my work, I have mapped the basic knowledge of parasitology and human parasites of students from the selected primary schools and lower grades of grammar schools. For this purpose, I have created a test which examined the knowledge and attitude of the students. The work has also sought to propose a new approach to teaching of the subject in biology lessons. Two different teaching concepts were tested and compared in two paralel classes of the same grammar school. Presented representatives of human parasites, were chosen on the basis of analysis of biology textbooks for basic schools. Final suggestion of teaching at schools, which was teste dat three schools contains powerpoint presentations suitable for use in the lessons and practical exercise taken like didactical games.
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Practical courses and modification of selected tasks from Biology olympiad
Filipová, Jana ; Janštová, Vanda (advisor) ; Hrozinka, Šimon (referee)
The aim of this thesis is to summarize the integration of hands-on activities into biology lessons and to compare them with the requirements in the high-school curriculum. Further it inquires the influence of hands-on activities on the knowledge of students and their interest in the subject, and it summarizes previous findings about this topic. Sources available show that hands-on activities have a positive impact and are benefitial to students. This thesis also gives some examples of chemical tests suitable to be carried out in lessons. These tests can serve as proofs of carbohydrates, lipides and proteins in plants.
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Inquiry-based educational activities in biology
Nedomová, Martina ; Čížková, Věra (advisor) ; Janštová, Vanda (referee)
4 The Abstrakt: The main target of the thesis is to complete and check the materials of inquiry- based education on the topic of 'water in human life'. This thesis has been based on the ESTABLISH project and it is divided into the theoretical and practical part. The theoretical part deals with the characteristics of inquiry-based education, its benefits and history. It introduces us to the national and foreign project and works that treat this type of education. The main passage of the thesis deals with the compilation and verification of materials for the inquiry-based activities within the thematic unit of 'water in human life'. Part of the materials is methodical handbook for teachers and worksheets for individual activities. Further on this thesis includes the results of a questionnaire for students. The feedback reflected verification of the activities and course of materials content and suitability assessment. Consequently, the thesis also includes the application of the questionnaire for educators which evaluated the awareness of the inquiry-based education and its existing usage by biology teacher on Prague grammar schools. Practical part contains the analysis of the exercises focused on water in relation to humans in selected biology and natural science teaching books. The Keywords: Education,...
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Autophagy in the immune system
Vávra, Dan ; Černý, Jan (advisor) ; Janštová, Vanda (referee)
Autophagy is an essential, homeostatic process - survival mechanism that protects cells by various ways: cells break down their own components to recycle nutrients, remodel and dispose unwanted cytoplasmic constituents. Autophagy is involved in the degradation of long-lived proteins and entire organelles, but paradoxically, considering important prosurvival functions, autophagy may be deleterious. It plays an important role during development, tumor suppression, immunity and is required for the adaptation to environmental stresses such as starvation. Recent studies indicate, that autophagy is a central player in the immunological control of bacterial, parasitic and viral infections. The process of autophagy may degrade intracellulal pathogens. This work describes the mechanism of autophagy and highlights the role of autophagy in innate and adaptive imunity, summarizes some advances in understanding the functions of autophagy and its possible roles in the causation and prevention of human deseases.
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Testing the influence of newly created learning materials for the fluorescent microscope on students` knowledge
Filipová, Jana ; Janštová, Vanda (advisor) ; Mourek, Jan (referee)
Among students, interest in Science is decreasing, despite the fact that knowledge of Science can be useful in many real life situations, such as medicine, conservation etc. Science education can also simply help to form a positive attitude towards nature. There are many possibilities of increasing students' interest in Science that could increase their motivation to study. Apart from Inquiry Based Education or Prescribed Practical Activities, working with devices used in research practice is one of the possibilities. If a school doesn't own such devices, there is a possibility to borrow them, or to work with them via the Internet. Possibilities of remote access to these devices are subject to research abroad, and this trend is also starting to appear in the Czech Republic. One example of a device that can be borrowed by schools is a fluorescence microscope at the Department of Didactics and Education of Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague. In my thesis, I was investigating the influence of the presence or absence of this fluorescence microscope on the knowledge of students. Research was carried out in four different classes at two secondary schools in Prague. Students who took part in this research were from the first year of a four year secondary school or from the third...
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Influence of practical courses on the upper secondary school students' motivation to study biology
Janštová, Vanda ; Pavlasová, Lenka (advisor) ; Čížková, Věra (referee) ; Stuchlíková, Iva (referee)
The reasons for the decline in students' interest in science have been studied for the last decades. The key question is how to stimulate this interest and motivate students and pupils to study science. Part of this thesis was testing the influence of practical courses on upper secondary school students' motivation toward studying biology. To start with, it was found out how many practical courses were taught for each biology topic at Czech upper secondary schools. Molecular biology and genetics emerged as one of the topics with the lowest number of practical courses. Therefore, molecular biology practical courses have been proposed and tested. It was shown that these practical courses can increase students' motivation scores. The possible influece of age, gender and number of practical courses during biology lessons on motivation was tested as well. Motivation of Czech students was compared to motivation of New Zealand students. Younger students and boys were more motivated to study biology in both countries. New Zealand students were more motivated than Czech students. Motivated students like the participants in the Biology Olympiad, Students' Professional Activities, biology summer course and optional biology courses were used to describe the origin of their motivation toward biology.
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Comparison of attractiveness of educational models vs. real mounted zoological specimens for secondary chool pupils
Šibravová, Jitka ; Mourek, Jan (advisor) ; Janštová, Vanda (referee)
This thesis deals with the preference of pupils at secondary schools (gymnasia) for different types of teaching aids in zoology education. The main objective was to determine whether the pupils rate educational models as more attractive than the real zoological preserved specimens and whether their preferences are related to their susceptibility to potentially phobic stimuli, realism of the object or whether preferences differ between the sexes. Selected models included entire animals as well as animal organs. The research was conducted at selected secondary schools (gymnasia) in Prague and Jablonec nad Nisou using a questionnaire and a preference test. Secondary school pupils and their biology teachers participated in this research. The realistic design of each object was assessed by researchers and students from the Faculty of Science Charles University using a scale questionnaire. The results showed that students rated the real zoological preserved specimens as more attractive compared to teaching models, with no dependence on whether the objects were entire or anatomical. Effect of gender on overall preference has not been showed; however, the boys had a tendency to evaluate generally unpopular organisms more positively than girls. No influence of susceptibility to potentially phobic stimuli,...
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Preferences of pupils for different zoological objects in biology lessons
Sailerová, Barbora ; Mourek, Jan (advisor) ; Janštová, Vanda (referee)
The main object of this thesis was to find out whether grammar school students prefer zoological objects in biology lessons presented a) on photo in their natural habitat or b) the real specimen presented in liquid in glass cylinders and burettes. I have chosen these research questions: 1. In which form do pupils prefer zoological objects, the real specimen presented in liquid in glass cylinders or burettes or in their natural habitat on a photograph? 2. How do these preferences differ during the course of their high school study? 3. How do these preferences differ according to gender? 4. Are these preferences influenced by a specific animal? 5. Are these preferences influenced by other factors, e.g. by the appearance and personal experiences with live nature or frequency of using these objects in biology lessons. The research was implemented by using a questionnaire and a preferential test and was given to first and third year students from five Prague high schools. The conclusion of my research study shows that students prefer neither animals on photographs nor the real specimen presented as a liquid preparation. My research did not show that the preferences of the tested students were influenced by any of the tested factors, e.g. type of living, popularity of biology or students' grade in...
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Effectiveness of organism recognition using angiosperms as an example
Bukáčková, Alžběta ; Janštová, Vanda (advisor) ; Novotný, Petr (referee)
Students are less interested in science studies in this time. Yet, it is evolving and indispensable field (medicine, genetics). Various fields of biology students are evaluated differently. Botany is not very popular for students and often even for their teachers. More popular may be, for example, human biology, zoology and emerging fields such as genetics. Studying of plants isn't interesting for pupils, memories of learning about plants for them often spending hours with the botanical atlas without practical training in the field or on an excursion. There is a reason to writing this thesis about identification of angiosperms in high school. The thesis deals with different methods used for teaching identification of angiosperm plants at Prague high schools and their effectiveness. It compares the different methods used by teachers of these schools, focuses on with ways of testing plants cognition and the number of species that pupils should be able to recognize. The high school teachers' expectations are compared with the university teachers' expectations of the knowledge of incoming biology students. Effectiveness of teaching was tested by recognizing the required species. Students were asked to recognise the fresh plants. The success rate of students of teachers who use to teach different...
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