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Interactions of catechins with copper ions
Řihošková, Petra ; Karlíčková, Jana (advisor) ; Jahodář, Luděk (referee)
Charles University in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmaceutical botanic and ecology Candidate: Mgr. Petra Řihošková Supervisor: PharmDr. Jana Karlíčková, Ph.D. Title of Thesis: Interactions of catechins with copper ions Keywords: catechins, chelating activity, copper, bathocuproine, hematoxylin, antioxidants Flavonoids are a class of plant polyphenols with significant antioxidant activity, which positively affects human health. Flavonoids are able to chelate metal ions (e.g. iron and copper) which participates in the formation of oxygen free radicals, or they directly react with enzymes whose activity increases oxidative stress. Their effect is influenced by the chemical structure, especially by the number and position of substituents and molecular size. Catechins belong to the group of flavonoids found in various types of food, e.g. in tea, chocolate, fruit, or red wine. Catechins exhibit a broad spectrum of biological effects, therefore they are often studied. Their antioxidant effect is mainly manifested by uptaking or quenching of free radicals and the chelation of iron and copper. Copper is one of the trace elements and is necessary for the proper function of the body. In the human body copper is part of enzymes and affects many metabolic processes. Copper...
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Evaluation of alkaloids using in vivo tests with Artemia salina II.
Bystrońová, Beáta ; Vytlačilová, Jitka (advisor) ; Jahodář, Luděk (referee)
1 ABSTRACT Charles University in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmaceutical Botany and Ecology Candidate: Beáta Bystrońová Consultant: RNDr. Jitka Vytlačilová, Ph.D. Title of diploma thesis: The evaluation of alkaloids using in vivo tests with Artemia salina II. The most common cause of dementia in the elderly is probably Alzheimer's disease (AD). The prevalence of this disease increases considerably. Nowadays only acetylcholinesterase inhibitors are being used for the treatment of AD, they can relieve symptoms of AD, but can't stop progression of the disease. Consequently there is a need for therapeutic agents against AD, which act on various pathological levels. More intensive recent studies are being carried out on natural substances that could pharmacologically affect AD neurodegenerative processes. Our aim was to carry out the toxicological screening for each tested substance. For the purpose of this work we have used Artemia salina in the experiment which seems to be suitable organism for evaluating acute toxicity. The experiment was conducted in a miniature environment. Four substances which belong to isoquinoline alkaloids: stylopine, tetrahydropalmatine, canadine and scoulerine were tested. The greatest toxicity showed stylopine, slightly lower tetrahydropalmatine and...
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Biological Active Plant Metabolites I. Alkaloids of Corydalis cava (L.) Schweigg. & Körte (Fumariaceae) and Screening of Their Biological Properties
Sekula, Marek ; Cahlíková, Lucie (advisor) ; Jahodář, Luděk (referee)
Sekula, M.: Biological Active Plant Metabolites I. Alkaloids of Corydalis cava (L.) Schweigg. & Körte (Fumariaceae) and Screening of Their Biological Properties. Rigorous thesis, Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Department of Pharmaceutical Botany and Ecology, Hradec Králové 2010, 65 p. Within the screening of plants that contains alkaloids inhibiting the activity of the human erythtocytic acetylcholinesterase and human serum butyrylcholinesterase Corydalis cava (L.) Schweigg. & Körte (Fumariaceae) was studied. This work connect to my diploma thesis (2009). The task was to separate mixture of alkaloids from extract "B-chloroform" subfraction F1. This subfraction was prepared within the frame of diploma thesis. From this mixture, using preparative TLC, were isolated two compounds F1-1A and F1-1C in the form of free bases. On the basis of MS, NMR and IR spektroskopy the isolated alkaloid F1-1A was identified as 3-(1-(6,7- dimethoxy-3,4-dihydroisoquinolin-1-yl)ethyl)-2,6-dimethoxy-phenol. It is the first isolation and description of this compound. Structural analysis of compound F1-1C is continuing. The isolated compound F1-1A inhibited the human erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase and human blood serum butyrylcholinesterase with IC50 for AChE (127,6×10-6 M) and with...
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Metabolism of isoflavonoids in human organism
Šramarová, Pavlína ; Karlíčková, Jana (advisor) ; Jahodář, Luděk (referee)
Charles University in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmaceutical Botany and Ecology Candidate: Bc. Pavlína Šramarová Diploma thesis supervisor: PharmDr. Jana Karlíčková, Ph.D. Title of thesis 2015/2016: Metabolism of isoflavonoids in human organism, pp. 54 Isoflavonoids are subgroup of flavonoids, belonging to the phytoestrogenic compounds. These compounds occur especially in leguminous, mainly in soya (Glycine max (L.) Merr). They have a positive impact on human health, especially for its estrogenic effects, due to which are applied in the fight against osteoporosis, cardiovascular diseases, atherosclerosis and for moderation of menopausal symptoms. Furthermore they exhibit antibacterial activity and protect cells against damage of DNA. This thesis deals with their metabolism and action in human and animal organism, also with the influence of intestinal microflora to transform these isoflavonoids into metabolites, as well as the effects of these metabolites. There are also mentioned these isoflavonoids: daidzein, genistein, biochanin A, formononetin, calycosin, prunetin, puerarin, cladrin, tectorigenin and kakkalid. Key words: isoflavonoids, metabolism, human organism
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Analysis of Ginger root extract. II.
Zárubová, Kateřina ; Jahodář, Luděk (advisor) ; Macáková, Kateřina (referee)
Zárubová, K.: Analysis of Ginger root extract. II. [Thesis] Hradec Králové 2010, Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy. The main goal of this work was verification of the declared quality of commercially available dry ginger extract. Having a standard sample is a necessary requirement for its testing in planned preclinical trials. Ethanol extract of the plant Zingiber officinale Rosc. was analyzed. For qualitative evaluation was used TLC method. Elution system was a mixture of ether and n-hexane in the ratio 6 : 4, an adsorbent was silicagel, detection was performed by spraying with solution of 1% vanillin in perchloric acid and sulfuric acid 6N. 6-gingerol was used as a standard. It was confirmed that the analyzed sample contains gingerols. Liquid chromatography for the quantitative evaluation of the extract was performed. The mobile phase was a mixture of acetonitrile and water (acidified with 1 ml of phosphoric acid in 1000 ml of water) and methanol in the ratio 55:44:1, column was Merck Purospher RP-18 endcapped, 5 µm, 250×4 mm. Flow rate of mobile phase was 1.0 ml/min, inject volume 20 ml, UV / VIS detection at 282 nm. As a standard was used 6-gingerol in a concentration of 1 mg / 1 ml.There was determined 5,47 % of gingerols.
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Ecotoxicological screening of antibiotic Augmentin 625® mg
Psohlavcová, Zuzana ; Jahodář, Luděk (advisor) ; Karlíčková, Jana (referee)
Psohlavcová Zuzana, Ecotoxicological screening of the antibiotic Augmentin® 625 mg, rigorous thesis Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Department of Pharmaceutical Botany and Ecology In the years 2005 - 2008 amoxicillin accounted 17% of all consumed antibacterial drugs used in systematic therapy. Usage of this antibiotic has not been reduced over the years and therefore the ecosystems are permanently contaminated. To evaluate the ecotoxicological effect of amoxicillin I used Algaltoxkit (ie. 72hour growth inhibition test of the green algae Selenastrum capricornutum) and Rapidtoxkit (rapid screening test for the crustacean Thamnocephalus platyurus). Next I used a 48hour test of acute toxicity with the ciliate Tetrahymena pyriformis. I tested these organisms in concentrations ranging from 12,5 - 0,044 g/l of the active substance. Green algae reacted with the drug strongly toxic, while the standard from a concentration of 2.83 g/l. For T. platyurus were 30% inhibition of particle uptake for amoxicillin 3,28 g/l and test medicine 1,56 g/l. Ciliate reacted in tests with both substances strongly toxic. The drug Augmentin® 625 mg has been shown more toxic than the standard. Key words: ecotoxicity, Augmentin® 625 mg, amoxicillin, Tetrahymena pyriformis, Selenastrum...
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Influence of agronomical practices and plant biological protection on production of secondary metabolites of Papaver somniferum II.
Cincibuchová, Veronika ; Vytlačilová, Jitka (advisor) ; Jahodář, Luděk (referee)
Cincibuchová, V.: Influence of agronomical practices and plant biological protection on production of secondary metabolites of Papaver somniferum II. Diploma thesis. Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Department of Pharmaceutical Botany and Ecology, Hradec Králové, 2013, 97 pp. The influence of agronomical practices as well as the use of biological plant protection on the production of major secondary metabolites, alkaloids morphine, codeine, papaverine, thebaine and narcotine was studied in four different varieties of the opium poppy, Papaver somniferum L. In the experiment, the seeds of the Lazur, Orbis, Orfeus and OP-P-13 varieties were used, and Pythium oligandrum, the effective microorganism of the fungicide preparation Polyversum, was applied as a biological protection. Each variety was grown in three repetitions using the application of the biofungicide and in three separate repetitions without the use of the biofungicide. Alkaloids were isolated from the poppy through the process of extraction and then analyzed using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The biosynthesis of alkaloids was affected by many external factors, for example, drought and above average temperatures during the vegetation period of the poppy. The biological protection did not...
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Antiprotozoal activity of natural substances
Nechanická, Lenka ; Vytlačilová, Jitka (advisor) ; Jahodář, Luděk (referee)
Charles University in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec králové Department of Pharmaceutical Botany and Ecology Author: Lenka Nechanická Supervisor: RNDr. Jitka Vytlačilová, Ph.D. Title of diploma thesis: Antiprotozoal activity of natural substances The discovery of new active substances and plants with a potential antiprotozoal effect nowadays is the aim of many studies and is required for obtaining more active drugs in a number of protozoal disease. In this study was investigated antiprotozoal activity of extracts obtained from various plant parts Salvia officinalis, Apium graveolens L. var. rapaceum, Evodia rutaecarpa, Coptis chinensis, Zanthoxylum nitidum and Ziziphus jujuba. Effect of the tested extracts was evaluated in a typical unicellular organism Tetrahymena thermophila using MTT method. From the values obtained the percent inhibition was detected Tetrahymena thermophila and for each extract value calculated median inhibitory concentrations IC50. Of the extracts tested had the greatest antiprotozoal activity of the extract of C. chinensis, further extracts activity decreases in the order C. chinensis > Z. nitidum > Z. jujuba > S. officinalis > E. rutaecarpa > A. graveolens L. var. rapaceum Key words: antiprotozoal activity, Tetrahymena thermophila, cytotoxicity, natural substances
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A poisoning in humans by vegetable products
Havlásková, Michaela ; Jahodář, Luděk (advisor) ; Opletal, Lubomír (referee)
1. Abstract A poisoning in humans by vegetable products Michaela Havlásková Faculty of Pharmacy Charles University in Prague Abstract The thesis deals with human poisonings by substances of alkaloid and glycoside types contained in plants. The total of 184 cases was found, of which 171 related to alkaloids and 13 to glycosides. The cases were monitored worldwide in the period of 2001 - 2009. They included both intoxications with the intention of murder or suicide, and without any intention occurred due to negligence or ignorance or poisonings for the purpose of misuse of a plant. Alkaloids and glycosides were divided to individual groups. The highest number of poisonings in the field of alkaloids occurred at the group of tropane alkaloids with the total number of 98 cases, of which 50 were caused by Deadly nightshade (Atropa belladonna L.), 21 by Jimson weed (Datura L.), 23 by Black henbane (Hyoscyamus niger L.) and 1 by Belladona (Scopolia L.). Individual cases provide information on the sex and age of a patient, symptoms and treatment. The highest number of cases of intoxication by glycosides was detected with cardio-active glycosides with the total number of 7 cases, of which 4 were caused by Oleander (Nerium oleander L.), 2 by Yellow oleander (Thevetia neriifolia L.) and 1 by Foxglove (Digitalis lanata...
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