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Lidskoprávní dimenze zahraniční politiky České republiky a role prezidenta v této politice
HORVÁTH, Roman
The bachelor thesis is analyzing the role of the president within the Czech Republic´s foreign policy with a focus on human rights. The thesis is divided into the theoretical and practical part. First, the theoretical part is focusing on the jurisdiction of the president of the Czech Republic, foreign policies, human rights and the role of the president in this field. Second, practical part presents work and life of three presidents: Havel, Klaus and Zeman. Further, their attitudes and acts related to the foreign policies and human rights are described. Last, the contribution of the three presidents to the human rights agenda within the foreign policy is summarized, compared and evaluated.
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Natural Resources and Economic Growth: A Meta-Analysis
Havránek, Tomáš ; Horváth, Roman ; Zeynalov, Ayaz
An important question in development studies is how natural resource richness affects long-term economic growth. No consensus answer, however, has yet emerged, with approximately 40% of empirical papers finding a negative effect, 40% finding no effect, and 20% finding a positive effect. Does the literature taken together imply the existence of the so-called natural resource curse? In a quantitative survey of 402 estimates reported in 33 studies, we find that the effect of natural resources on growth is very small when potential publication bias and method heterogeneity are taken into account. Our results also suggest that three aspects of study design are especially effective in explaining the differences in results across studies: 1) including an interaction between natural resources and institutional quality, 2) controlling for the level of investment activity, and 3) distinguishing between different types of natural resources.
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Cross-Country Heterogeneity in Intertemporal Substitution
Havránek, Tomáš ; Horváth, Roman ; Iršová, Zuzana ; Rusnák, Marek
We collect 2,735 estimates of the elasticity of intertemporal substitution in consumption from 169 published studies that cover 104 countries during different time periods. The estimates vary substantially from country to country, even after controlling for 30 aspects of study design. Our results suggest that income and asset market participation are the most effective factors in explaining the heterogeneity: households in rich countries and countries with high stock market participation substitute a larger fraction of consumption intertemporally in response to changes in expected asset returns. Micro-level studies that focus on sub-samples of rich households or asset holders also find systematically larger values of the elasticity.
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Financial Development and Economic Growth: A Meta-Analysis
Havránek, Tomáš ; Horváth, Roman ; Valíčková, Petra
We analyze 1334 estimates from 67 studies that examine the effect of financial development on economic growth. Taken together, the studies imply a positive and statistically significant effect, but the individual estimates vary widely. We find that both research design and heterogeneity in the underlying effect play a role in explaining the differences in results. Studies that do not address endogeneity tend to overstate the effect of finance on growth. While the effect seems to be weaker in less developed countries, the effect decreases worldwide after the 1980s. Our results also suggest that studies using stock-market-oriented measures as a proxy for financial development tend to report larger positive effects on growth. We find little evidence of publication bias in the literature.
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How are inflation targets set?
Horváth, Roman ; Matějů, Jakub
This paper contributes to a better understanding of how inflation targets are set. First, writers gather evidence on how inflation targets are set from official central bank and government publications and from a questionnaire of our own design. Second, writers estimate the determinants of the level of the inflation target in 19 inflation-targeting countries using unbalanced panel interval regressions to deal with the issue that targets are typically set as a range rather than as a point.
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