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Funding of Churches in the Czech Lands in 20th Century
Pustina, Radek ; Tretera, Jiří Rajmund (advisor) ; Horák, Záboj (referee)
Funding of Churces in the Czech Lands in 20th Century The aim of my Master's degrese thesis is to describe the evolution of the system of financing of churches and religious societies in the Czech lands during the 20th century. I have also focused on future possibilities for church financing with regard to the foreign regulation. The thesis is composed of ten chapters. The first chapter deals with various models of the relationship between state and church existing in the world and their implications for raising funds for church activities. The following six chapters focus on the financing of churches in different historical periods. The second chapter concentrates on the situation in the Czech lands as part of the Austrian monarchy. There is described the formation and function of religious funds and the introduction of state subsidies to clergy. The third chapter deals with the First Republic, and mainly land reform and its implications for church finances. The fourth chapter deals with the position of the Church during the Second Republic and the Nazi occupation. The next section describes the occupation of church property by the state, I analyze there disputes about the application of the Benes decrees of confiscation of churches property and new land acts. Replacement the financing of the...
Nazi Occupation of the Czech Frontiers and Czech Lands
Pakandl, Josef ; Tretera, Jiří Rajmund (advisor) ; Horák, Záboj (referee)
The thesis deals with impact of the Nazi occupation on the church administration. The aim is to describe as thoroughly as possible the results of the occupation of the Czech borderland as well as remaining area Bohemia and Moravia for the church administration and also to touch some other questions related to this theme. I chose this topic because of my interest in history. The issues of churches and religion societies are also close to me. During writing Master's degree thesis I studied special literature and I visited bishopric in České Budějovice and National archive. The work is divided into nine chapters. The first chapter deals with the occupation of the Czech borderland by German army and subsequent government at this region. The second chapter describes the impact of the occupation on the Roman Catholic Church administration, namely administration in individual dioceses, commissariats of Wroclaw archdiocese on the Czech territory, attempts to fill the vacancy of diocesan bishops from the part of the Apostolic See and consequences for the structure of congregations. The third chapter outlines German church politics and its impact on the church life in the occupied borderland, especially relationship of believers to the national issue, German steps aimed against churches, persecution of...
The constitutional development of Turkey before 1945
Švanda, Josef ; Seltenreich, Radim (advisor) ; Horák, Záboj (referee)
121 Závěr: zhodnocení úpravy de lege lata a úvahy de lege ferenda Tato rigorózní práce byla s ohledem na svůj název zaměřena především na trestní postih mládeže, jehož rozboru se věnuji především, současně jsem se ale pokusila upozornit na hlavní příčiny a rysy kriminality mládeže, neboť bez jejich znalosti nelze dle mého názoru přesně pochopit účel trestního postihu mládeže ani jej správně uplatňovat. Krátce jsem poukázala také na dlouhý vývoj, kterým právní úprava prošla, než nabyla svojí současné podoby. V úvodu práce jsem si položila otázku, zda byla samostatná úprava soudnictví nad mládeží nutná, zda její dnešní znění a aplikační praxe odpovídá potřebám a specifikům této kategorie pachatelů a cílům, které jsou jejich postihem sledovány. Dospěla jsem k závěru, že samostatná právní úprava soudnictví nad mládeží byla nutností, kterou si specifický charakter kriminality mládeže žádá. Teprve touto novou a samostatnou úpravou je možné se dostatečně věnovat všem aspektům nutně odlišného zacházení s mladistvými oproti dospělým pachatelům. Vzhledem k obsažnosti nové právní úpravy by nebylo vhodné ani přehledné tuto zahrnout do trestního zákona. Navíc základní idea ZSM, a sice že mládež je třeba vychovávat a ne trestat, je odlišná od ducha trestního zákona, zaměřeného více represivně a do minulosti, a také proto...
Changes in canon law after the Second Vatican Council
Surmánek, Miroslav ; Tretera, Jiří Rajmund (advisor) ; Horák, Záboj (referee)
Resumé In my thesis, I tried to focus on the most important aspects of the changes in the Canon law of the Catholic Church after the II Vatican Council. From the very beginning I tried to understand the historical background of the Catholic Church, foundations on which Legal system began to be build. The Canon law of the Catholic Church has changed many times in the history. I tried to follow those changes across the centuries to the beginning of 20th Century when the Canon law was codified. Pope Pius X ordered that work begin on reducing diverse documents into single code, presenting the normative portion in the form of systematic short canons shorn of the preliminary considerations and omitting those parts that had been superseded by later developments. The Code was promulgated in 1917 as Code of Canon law, by his successor, Pope Benedict XV. For the most part, it applied only to the Latin Church except when "it treats of things that, by their nature, apply to the Oriental". Wide reception of normative of Canon law was considered as a "masterpiece of legal work". Social, political and economical changes during 20th Century have had it's consequences also in the field of the Canon law. Some parts of the 1917 Code became obsolete under the new circumstances. In 1959, Pope John XXIII announced together with...
Legal status of diocesan vicariate and parish councils in Roman-Catholic dioceses in Czech Lands
Nejdl, Oldřich ; Horák, Záboj (advisor) ; Tretera, Jiří Rajmund (referee)
A superior in the Catholic Church at times needs the consent or counsel of certain consultative body in order to place a juridic act validly. Legal status of such colleges or groups of persons is regulated by the Code of Canon Law (CIC/1983) and by the statutes approved by the diocesan bishops. This thesis inquires into legal status of the consultative bodies in Roman Catholic diocesis, vicariates and parishes in Czech Lands. Within the diocese the presbyteral council, the college of consultors and the diocesan finance council are required, establishment of the diocesan pastoral council is optional. Mission of the presbyteral council is to assist the diocesan bishop in the governance of the diocese to promote as much as possible the pastoral good of the portion of the people of God entrusted to him. The diocesan bishop is to hear it in affairs of greater importance. Consultation of the presbyteral council is compulsory for example in case of establishment, or supression of parishes, decision to build new church or relegation of a church to profane use. The diocesan bishop needs the consent of the college of consultors especially to place acts of extraordinary administration or to alienate some goods. If the see is impeded, the college is to elect a diocesan administrator. The diocesan finance...
The US Supreme Court, its, formation and first key decisions
Červinková, Zuzana ; Seltenreich, Radim (advisor) ; Horák, Záboj (referee)
These days, the Supreme Court of the United States represents a very important and irreplaceable role in its home land: protection of constitutionality, explanation of federal laws, as well as appellate court of last resort within the framework of American courts. Today there is no doubt about its jurisdiction, but there were doubts. In the beginning of its existence no one was sure if the Court could overcome the initial obstacles which were in the way. This diploma thesis deals with the initial existence of the Supreme Court of the United States, its role within the framework of the US federal power system, and its progressive integration as equal with the legislative branch and executive power - The United States Congress and the President, respectively. The main objective of this thesis is to introduce the federal judiciary of the United States, show its differences from the continental system, and accentuate the importance of precedents. First, I focus on the history of the United States; colonization by British citizens, the American War for Independence, The Declaration of Independence, and the formation of American statehood in the 1780s, which resulted in the acceptance of one of the longest- lasting written constitutions in the world. After the historical excurse, the thesis focuses on...

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18 Horák, Zdeněk
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