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British Logic in the 19th Century
Joachim, Jiří ; Holeček, Tomáš (advisor) ; Šebela, Karel (referee)
According to American philosopher W. W. Bartley, the transition from tradi- tional Aristotelian to Boolean logic is a revolutionary milestone in the history of logic. The work of George Boole which was followed by a developement of a mathematicaly oriented logic brings a shift of paradigm. In my thesis I follow the period in which the shift is said to have happened. I explicate the elements of syllogistic and its main conceptions as expounded in a textbook The Rudiments of Logic written by Henry Aldrich. Furthermore I demon- strate logical systems of three authors: Archbishop Richard Whately, George Boole and Lewis Carroll. I accent the connection of those systems and the practical aspect of logic. With this in mind I consider Bartley's statement and estimate the role of the rules in the systems and its possible use in three domains circumscribed in Aldriches book: simple apprehension, judgement and discourse. 1
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Possibilistic logic and the philosophy of David Hume
Vondráčková, Lucie ; Holeček, Tomáš (advisor) ; Kolman, Vojtěch (referee)
This paper presents an enquiry in to possibilistic logic and Hume's philosophy ofAn Enquiry Concerning Hwnan Understanding. As far as being a tool for reasoning under uncertainty possibilistic logic seems to be an appropriate model for empirie theory of tt·utlL However, as we sec the possibilistic conscquence as customary transition, the possibilistic logic's ability to claim that classical flrst-order closed formula cannot be proved ceases to exist. Moreover, the possibilistic semantics coping with inconsistency becomes from this point of view senseless.
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Sociology and Existentialism. Question of "Purpose" from an Existentialist Viewpoint
Hlaváček, Karel ; Balon, Jan (advisor) ; Holeček, Tomáš (referee)
Diploma thesis Sociology and Existentialism. Question of "Purpose" from an Existentialist Viewpoint deals with the problem of aim and purpose of sociology. First we want to doubt what we grasp as nonproblematic reception of attitudes on what sociology actually is, which is to be found especially in common sociological discourse. We want to accomplish this by challenging sociology to defend itself against what existentialism perceives as ultimate concern of human beings and by suggesting that in order to comply with this challenge sociology should become religious in Tillich's and Fromm's sense. Second we aim to conceptualize what purposeful sociology would mean and analyze how sociology has been loosing purpose. Third we aim to hint at what sociology should do in order to stay purposeful.
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