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Postmodern Philosophy and its Influence in Russia
Karela, Jan ; Krámský, David (advisor) ; Hogenová, Anna (referee) ; Blažková, Miloslava (referee)
The first part of this thesis describes the development of philosophy in Russia up to the so- called diamat, that is, to the period of Lenin's philosophy of dialectical materialism. In the second part it is described postmodern issues in contemporary Western thought, including the contexts in historical development. The last part deals first with the general features of Russian postmodern thought. Next part of the last chapter deals in more detail with the thought of M. N. Epstein and his view of the development and state of postmodern thought in Russia. Russian thought was marked by a long isolation from Western thought. In an effort to quickly catch up with the West, features of messianism are emerging. Russia is convinced that the West will quickly catch up and has the potential to overtake the West and become the thought leader of Europe. Said leads to the acceptance of the idea of communism and the subsequent further isolation of Russia. Nevertheless, in 1991 is rapidly coming to terms with postmodern thinking. M. N. Epstein concludes from this that there are identical features in communist ideology with postmodern thought, and therefore it was postmodernism in Russia much earlier than in Europe. KEYWORDS Ideology, information explosion, communism, postmodern thought, freedom, Russia, the West.
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The Phenomenon of Responsibility in the Postmodern Era
Jirgl, Sebastian ; Hogenová, Anna (advisor)
The dissertation The Phenomenon of Responsibility in the Postmodern Era discusses the phenomenon of responsibility in the context of the postmodern era. The issue of responsibility is viewed here primarily from a philosophical point of view. At the same time, the dissertation attempts a partial thematic overlap, in connection with the meaning of the selected concept of responsibility, within the ethics and particularly even other related social science disciplines. In the beginning, the basic problematics is set here. This discusses the etymological point of view and responsibility is subsequently given here in the connection of the context of terms such as freedom, response or ambiguity. Furthermore, the basic relationship is presented, in the context of the phenomenon of responsibility, and responsibility is also here confronted with the present. Subsequently, the approaches and theses of an important author of the 20th century, who systematically dealt with the phenomenon of responsibility, the French author Emmanuel Levinas, are particularly emphasized. The main thesis here can be characterized as an attempt to interpret and process the concept of responsibility, especially within the context of philosophical discourse. This is done mainly against the background of the thinking of Emmanuel...
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The Phenomenon of Responsibility in the Postmodern Era
Jirgl, Sebastian ; Hogenová, Anna (advisor) ; Semrádová, Ilona (referee) ; Svobodová, Zuzana (referee)
The dissertation The Phenomenon of Responsibility in the Postmodern Era discusses the phenomenon of responsibility in the context of the postmodern era. The issue of responsibility is viewed here primarily from a philosophical point of view. At the same time, the dissertation attempts a partial thematic overlap, in connection with the meaning of the selected concept of responsibility, within the ethics and particularly even other related social science disciplines. In the beginning, the basic problematics is set here. This discusses the etymological point of view and responsibility is subsequently given here in the connection of the context of terms such as freedom, response or ambiguity. Furthermore, the basic relationship is presented, in the context of the phenomenon of responsibility, and responsibility is also here confronted with the present. Subsequently, the approaches and theses of an important author of the 20th century, who systematically dealt with the phenomenon of responsibility, the French author Emmanuel Levinas, are particularly emphasized. The main thesis here can be characterized as an attempt to interpret and process the concept of responsibility, especially within the context of philosophical discourse. This is done mainly against the background of the thinking of Emmanuel...
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Aristotle's ethics from the position of Anglo-Saxon thought
Kubica, František ; Hogenová, Anna (advisor) ; Blažková, Miloslava (referee)
The thesis deals with the ethical philosophy of ancient thinker Aristotle and with the development of this philosophy in later periods. The thesis is divided into four chapters, in which the author deals first with Aristotle's ethics, next describes how this ethics changed in Epicureanism, Stoicism and Christianity - in the works of Augustin Aurelius and Thomas Aquinas. In the third part the thesis focuses on decline of Aristotelian ethics and rise od I. Kant's ethics. Finally in the last chapter, the thesis deals with the revival of Aristotelian ethics in the works of A. MacIntyre. The thesis is written from the point of view of the Anglo-Saxon thought. That is reflected in its structure and the choose of literature.
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Ethical approach to hospitalized patients during a pandemic
Ryšavá, Kateřina ; Hogenová, Anna (advisor) ; Blažková, Miloslava (referee)
Úvod Hospitalizovaným pacientům se ve zdravotnických zařízeních věnují odborníci z řad zdravotnického personálu současně zástupci sociálního sektoru. Náplně jejich činností jsou odlišné. Nicméně je spojuje to nejdůležitější. Všichni se intenzívně podílejí na uzdravení pacienta, zmírnění projevů jeho nemoci, zlepšení kvality života pacienta nebo se snaží napomoci umírajícímu k důstojnému odchodu ze života, pokud možno bez bolestných útrap. Veškeré jejich konání nese požadavek etického přístupu k pacientovi. Nedávno svět zasáhla pandemie nemoci covid -19. Mezi impulsy vedoucími k sepsání této práce bylo zamyšlení nad etickým přístupem k pacientovi v pandemickém období vycházející i z osobní zkušenosti se zdravotnickou a sociální péčí o hospitalizovaného pacienta. Cílem této práce je odpovědět na otázku, zda je zapotřebí podrobit etické přístupy těchto profesí k pacientům dalšímu zkoumání ve světle dopadů pandemického období, zda je třeba v těchto přístupech zohledňovat nastalou specifickou situaci.
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Teaching staff burnout syndrome in secondary schools of education"
Oubrechtová, Veronika ; Hogenová, Anna (advisor) ; Pelcová, Naděžda (referee)
The work deals with the issue of burnout syndrome among teachers at secondary pedagogical schools. The work is divided into a theoretical and a practical part. The theoretical part is devoted to the definition of the burnout syndrome according to various authors, the symptoms of the burnout syndrome and the description of the groups that may be affected by the burnout syndrome. Furthermore, in the theoretical part, the problem of stress and the description of the struggle with it are reflected. Emphasis is placed on assertiveness as a method of combating stress. Supervision and mental hygiene are further reflected in the thesis as methods of preventing the occurrence of burnout syndrome. The pilot part of the practical part is qualitative research. (semi-structured interviews with teachers at secondary pedagogical schools). The sample consists of 16 teachers from four secondary pedagogical schools from Prague and Central Bohemia. The goal of the research is to find out whether teachers of specialized or general education subjects are more prone to burnout and to map the most common methods of preventing burnout and the most common methods of applying mental hygiene to these teachers. Grounded theory was used as a method of evaluating the results of qualitative research. The results indicated that...
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The Philosophical Topics in Selected Works by Milan Kundera
Veselá, Jana ; Hogenová, Anna (advisor) ; Blažková, Miloslava (referee)
This philosophical-literary diploma thesis entitled "Philosophical Topics from Selected Literary Works of Milan Kundera" deals in the first part with the literary, historical and philosophical context. It then discusses the life and work of the writer Milan Kundera. The second part focuses on four prose works by Milan Kundera, namely on Laughable Loves, The Unbearable Lightness of Being, Immortality and Ignorance. In these works, the author aims to draw reader's attention to the ideas of various philosophers that influenced the literary work of the writer Milan Kundera. Author compares the texts of important philosophers with the texts of Milan Kundera. It shows the great themes of human life as treated by the writer Milan Kundera. The work includes opinions of many literary scholars as well as the author's own perspective. The thesis can be of particular interest especially to those readers who want to delve into the depth of ideas contained in literary works of Milan Kundera.
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Two Approaches to the Relation Between Science, Art and Human Nature. Aristotle and Jean - Jacques Rousseau.
Krutská, Ivana ; Blažková, Miloslava (advisor) ; Hogenová, Anna (referee)
1 Abstract This diploma thesis deals with philosophical thoughts of Aristotle and Jean-Jacques Rousseau and their views about science and art. It attempts to answer the question whether, from their perspectives, science and art proceed from human nature or not. Their opinions are very different. According to Aristotle science is a part of human nature because it comes out of natural human desire to understand. In the same way he considered art as integral to humans because it is derived from natural human ability to imitate. But according to Jean- Jacques Rousseau science and art make human nature worse. He claimed that we can't learn about human nature by observing people around us, but only after we understand how humans lived before they were changed by progress. He didn't include science and art in his description of the original human way of life because every new discover is, in his opinion, a part of destructive process of loosing simplicity of past times. The difference between Aristotle's and Rousseau's perception of human nature consisted, in my opinion, also in the fact that Aristotle made his convictions on the basis of his observations of the world unlike Rousseau who created the idea of the original human nature in his mind first and then critisized the world for it's differences from his...
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