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Composition of stygobiotic communities in selected set of springs in Lusatian mountains
Sobotová, Jana ; Bílý, Michal (advisor) ; Hořická, Zuzana (referee)
From August to December 2016, ten selected springs in the Lusatian Mountains were three times sampled in order to study underground water fauna. The sampling method was based on filtration of rising water for several hours.
The organisms were determined at higher-taxonomic level. Six taxa were found in the underground water: ostracods (class Ostracoda), oligochaetes (class Oligochaeta), copepods of order Harpacticoida and Cyclopoida, arachnids of the subclass Acari and amphipod crustaceans of the family Niphargidae. The majority of specimens belonged to the order Harpacticoida.
The highest number of specimens was found in the spring No. 5 Čtvrtý propustek. Representatives of all taxa were found only in spring No. 3 U oplocenky. On the other hand, in the spring No. 9 Nad pasekou no specimen of underground fauna was found.
Next part of research included measurements of physical and chemical characteristics of the spring waters. It was found out that these waters are clean and they comply with chemical parameters for drinking water. The spring No. 10 Pod Kulichem differed strikingly in SO42- concentration, pH and conductivity from the others. The water from spring No. 7 U smrku exceeded the natural background concentration of F- ions.
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Bioaccumulation of heavy metals in macroinvertebrates: relationship between concentrations and organism size
Hanzlíková, Lenka ; Dočkalová, Kateřina (advisor) ; Hořická, Zuzana (referee)
The size of benthic organisms is one of many possible factors affecting resultant concentrations of metals accumulated in organisms from surrounding water environment. Partial information is presented in research publications which state this dependency with different conclusions. So far the dependence was not unequivocally interpreted. Relationship between concentration and body size may differ among various metals and also between individual species of macroinvertebrates. This bachelor thesis is a research of professional literature and its result is analysis of existing knowledge of types of this dependancy and comparison of individual representatives of aquatic invertebrates and individual metals. Significance of the trend of dependence as a factor having the influence on the final interpretation of data on the concentrations of monitored substances, especially heavy metals is to be assessed. Result of this work should facilitate the interpretation of data for future analysis of heavymetals in aquatic invertebrate organisms. Keywords: bioaccumulation, heavy metals, macroinvertebrates
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Impact of urban drainage on heavy metal concentration in aquatic ecosystems
Darmovzalová, Marie ; Komínková, Dana (advisor) ; Hořická, Zuzana (referee)
Urban streams are influenced by number of human activities. Diploma thesis discusses the impact of urban drainage (specifically storm water drains) on toxic metal concentrations, of, in one of Prague's minor creeks - Zátišský Creek. Zátišský Creek flows from the right side to the Vltava River. The creek is 3080 m long with a natural flow 1.9 m3 /s. The creek is affected by seven storm water drains and three rain settling tanks. The creek was monitored from April 2009 to June 2010 during this period six sampling campaign was conducted. The samples were collected from seven remote sampling points, located both upstream and downstream from the storm water drains and rain settling tanks. The impact of storm water drains was assessed based on monitoring of toxic metals content in different parts of the aquatic environments, samples of water, sediment and aquatic biota (benthic organisms and attached algae) were collected and analyzed. The sediment samples and organisms were dried by lyophilisation (freeze dry), and digested in a microwave oven using a solution of nitric acid and hydrogen peroxide. Metal concentrations were determined by Atomic Absorption Spectrometry utilizing instrument Solaar S. Overall nine metals were identified: cadmium, lead, nickel, chromium, copper, zinc, aluminum, manganese...
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Al forms in acidified surface waters - toxicity and trends
Šimková, Petra ; Hruška, Jakub (advisor) ; Hořická, Zuzana (referee)
This thesis deals with forms of aluminium occurring in acidified surface waters. Special attention is paid to inorganic monomeric aluminium, fraction, which has toxic effect on some species of aquatic and terrestrial biota. The thesis primarily focuses on the analysis of surface water, groundwater and soil water chemistry in the year-round and long-term monitoring. The practical took place on an experimental mountain basin Uhlířská, which is drained by river Černá Nisa. Uhlířská basin is located in the Jizera Mountains and represents the area which was significantly exposed to the acid atmospheric deposition in the second half of the 20th century. Long-term exposure to acid precipitation caused the acidification of soil and watercourses, forest degradation and deforestation of large parts of the basin. Decrease in pH and an increase in concentration of toxic aluminium also caused species depletion of aquatic ecosystems. Monomeric forms of aluminium were determined spectrophotometrically, the concentration of total aluminium was determined by the method of flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS), in case of low concentration electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry (ETAAS) was used. Five forms of aluminium were obtained - Altot, AlAS, Alm, Alo and potentially toxic Ali. Appart from...
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The mechanisms of specific polutants impact on aquatic communities.
Vaněčková, Hana ; Fuksa, Josef (advisor) ; Hořická, Zuzana (referee)
With a decrease of classic pollution of water ecosystems the importance of PPCP (pharmaceutics and personal care products) increases. Their amount is increasing due to human consumption and thus the input into municipal wastewater and consequently into the surface water, eventually into the ground water increases as well. This bachelor work is a review of scientific literature in the field of PPCP water load. The goal is resuming the results of the studies of the influence of these substances on freshwater aquatic communities. In the beginning the sources of the variability (in time and space) of the concentrations of these substances in rivers are resumed. But the rate of affection of the aquatic communities depends even on the length of exposure, which is longterm with regard to the continuous flow of substances from wastewater treatment plants. That is why the effect of long-term incidence on aquatic communities is intensively studied. The emphasis is put on the incidence of endocrine disruptors (substances disrupting the endocrine system), which affect e.g. the oestral cycle of some kind of exposed populations. There are observed changes in the way of perception of a predator by his prey whereas the escape reactions of the prey happen to be affected. The additive effect of ixtures of...
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Fish and benthos of the Černá Nisa stream and their contamination by metals in the period of recovery from acidification
Burdová, Lucie ; Hořická, Zuzana (advisor) ; Slavík, Ondřej (referee)
The aims of the thesis were to compare chemistry of the Černá Nisa stream in the Jizera Mountains (Northern Bohemia, Czech Republic) at the end of the era of strong anthropogenic acidification (in the mid-1990s) and in the period of the recent intensive chemical and biological recovery from acidification, and to study the present biota of the stream. During the year 2008, physical and chemical parameters of the water were studied, the species and age composition of ichthyofauna, and the quality and quantity of macrozoobenthos - the main component of the food for fish. Special attention was paid to the content of toxic metals (Be, Al, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Cd, Pb, Hg) in the water, main representatives of benthic organisms, and in selected tissues of brook charr. The comparison of the water chemistry with results from the years 1994, 1996, and 1997 showed a decrease in acidification, despite the unstable chemical climate during the seasons, and sulphate and nitrate concentrations still high. Since the mid 1990s, the stream has been inhabited by a stable population of brook charr (Salvelinus fontinalis), a non-native, highly acid-tolerant species, which is now dominating there. At present, also a stable population of a native species, common minnow (Phoxinus phoxinus), occurs in the stream....
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