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Phylogenomics, genome size evolution and repeat dynamics in the genus Amomum Roxb. (Zingiberaceae)
Hlavatá, Kristýna ; Fér, Tomáš (advisor) ; Haevermans, Thomas (referee) ; Zedek, František (referee)
Amomum Roxb. s.l. (black cardamom) is a complicated genus in the ginger family Zingiberaceae (subfamily Alpinioideae) that according to some definitions includes groups of species recognized as separate genera, e.g. genus Elettariopsis Baker. Phylogenetic studies have so far failed to elucidate both the position of Amomum within Alpinioideae and the relationship between Amomum and other genera like Elettariopsis. In this work, Amomum was subjected to a detailed morphological analysis of the largest possible sampling, together with a phylogenetic analysis. Amomum was recircumscribed, Amomum s.s. and three new genera were established, three genera were resurrected, and genus Elettariopsis was merged into Amomum. Meanwhile, new species were described and others epitypified. A well-resolved nuclear-gene phylogeny of Amomum s.s. was obtained using next-generation sequencing (Hyb-Seq) and showed the existence of four clades (A, B, C, D) within the genus. Clade D, the former genus Elettariopsis, was further divided into three subclades (D1-D3). A chloroplast DNA-based phylogeny supported this structure, but additional phylogenies based on ribosomal DNA were incongruent with it, indicating that the frequently used ITS marker and other rDNA markers may not be suitable for reconstructing deeper phylogenetic...
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Community law against unfair competition
Hlavatá, Kristýna ; Patěk, Daniel (advisor) ; Čech, Petr (referee)
European Law Against Unfair Competition Resumé This diploma thesis deals with the European (EU) law against unfair competition, or more specifically with the legal regulation of two directives of European Union, which are the ones for the european law against unfair competition most significant, Misleading and Comparative Advertising Directive and Unfair Commercial Practices Directive. The purpose of this thesis is to provide comprehensive and understandable overview of the legal regulation of both above mentioned directives, to analyze selected judicature of the Court of Justice of the European Union related to these directives, to briefly outline interpretation problems arising from the transposition of both directives to the Czech legal order, which were identified by professional literature. The content of this diploma thesis is divided into 5 main chapters. After the Introduction follows the chapter briefly defining the main notions, economic competition, competition law, the law against unfair competition and unfair competition. The second chapter deals with the development of the European Law against unfair competition till the present day. The third chapter provides overview of the legal regulation of Misleading and Comparative Advertising Directive, describes factual basis of the misleading...
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The evolution of Elettariopsis (Zingiberaceae)
Hlavatá, Kristýna ; Fér, Tomáš (advisor) ; Dančák, Martin (referee)
This work attempts to offer an insight into the problematic of the genus Elettariopsis Baker, the last unrevised genus in the subfamily Alpinioideae (Zingiberaceae). Phylogenetic analyses are performed on ITS, matK and DCS sequence data and correlated with absolute genome size and biogeographical distribution of the samples. Elettariopsis as a genus is found to be weakly supported and strongly supported only with the addition of some species of Amomum Roxb., including the type species A. subulatum. The absolute genome size in this group is greater than in the outgroup represented by members of the Zingiberoideae subfamily. The evidence given by sequence data further suggests that Elettariopsis is divided into two well-supported groups, the "E. curtisii" group and the "E. triloba/E. unifolia" group, each of which contains several well-supported clades. In the analysis of absolute genome size it is shown that the absolute genome size in the "E. triloba/E.unifolia" group is higher than in the "E. curtisii" group. These two groups also differ slightly in their biogeographical distribution, the group G being distributed in only in Vietnam, Laos, and Thailand, while members of group H are also occurring in Singapore and Indonesia (Borneo). Keywords: Zingiberaceae, Elettariopsis, South-East Asia, ITS,...
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Community law against unfair competition
Hlavatá, Kristýna ; Patěk, Daniel (advisor) ; Čech, Petr (referee)
European Law Against Unfair Competition Resumé This diploma thesis deals with the European (EU) law against unfair competition, or more specifically with the legal regulation of two directives of European Union, which are the ones for the european law against unfair competition most significant, Misleading and Comparative Advertising Directive and Unfair Commercial Practices Directive. The purpose of this thesis is to provide comprehensive and understandable overview of the legal regulation of both above mentioned directives, to analyze selected judicature of the Court of Justice of the European Union related to these directives, to briefly outline interpretation problems arising from the transposition of both directives to the Czech legal order, which were identified by professional literature. The content of this diploma thesis is divided into 5 main chapters. After the Introduction follows the chapter briefly defining the main notions, economic competition, competition law, the law against unfair competition and unfair competition. The second chapter deals with the development of the European Law against unfair competition till the present day. The third chapter provides overview of the legal regulation of Misleading and Comparative Advertising Directive, describes factual basis of the misleading...
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Biogeografie zázvorovitých z podčeledi Alpinioideae
Hlavatá, Kristýna ; Fér, Tomáš (advisor) ; Záveská, Eliška (referee)
This work aims to summarise the recent knowledge of the distribution of the subfamily Alpinioideae and suggest the possible patterns of distribution and dispersal for individual genera, particularly for South-East Asia, where the majority of genera is found. Alpinioideae is a quite recently established and unresolved group and some of its genera are polyphyletic. The main part of the subfamily is distributed throughout South-East Asia to Australia and Oceania, two genera (Aframomum and Renealmia) are found in Africa and the genus Renealmia has undergone long-distance dispersal to South America. Three genera (Leptosolena, Paramomum and Siamanthus) are monotypic endemics. Alpinioideae is further divided into the tribes Alpinieae and Riedelieae.
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