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Reading Literacy in Natural History at Primery School
Žižková, Pavlína ; Vojíř, Karel (advisor) ; Hlaváčová, Lucie (referee)
The master's thesis focuses on the research of reading literacy in classes of natural history at primery school. The theoretical part describes reading literacy, its aspects and the development of reading literacy at primary school, including methods for developing reading literacy. This section also introduces the latest results from the PIRLS 2021, TIMSS 2019 and PISA 2015 international surveys. The second part of the thesis introduces the research of reading literacy in natural history among pupils of the 6th grade of primary school, in which three-tier tasks were used. A total of 55 pupils participated in the research. The goal of the research was to find out the students' ability to work with a science text. The second goal was to find out to what extent the pupils are sure of their answers when working with a science text. In the second part, the research methodology, the research sample and the results of the empirical investigation are further described. In the conclusion, the individual goals of the research are commented on and procedures are established that will lead to greater development of reading literacy in natural history lessons. The results showed that less than 80% of the pupils from the research sample can work effectively with a science text and can search for the necessary...
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Opinion and Knowledge Regarding Prevention of Acne Vulgaris among Pupils of Secondary School
Třísková, Veronika ; Hlaváčová, Lucie (advisor) ; Ehler, Edvard (referee)
The diploma thesis is split into a theoretical and a practical part. In the theoretical part, the thesis focuses on basic information about the skin disaese acne. This part includes general knowledge about the skin and skin care, information specifically about acne vulgaris, factors of acne, acne treatment, natural cosmetics and also includes a chapter on the perception of acne in girls and boys in secondary schools. The theoretical section also provides advice on the prevention of the subsequent treatment of acne skin disease. One of the purposes of this thesis is to highlight the issue of acne in adolescents in secondary schools, to familiarize the reader with this common disease, and to provide treatment alternatives as well as prevention. The main objective of the research part is to analyze the awareness of acne among high school students. The practical part of the thesis examines the current information that high school students have about acne, further examines the psychological impact of the disease, and finds out if specifically high school students in the city of Pilsen would be interested in learning about the skin disease acne in schools. This part was prepared by means of a questionnaire survey, which, after its evaluation, shows that out of 84 secondary school respondents, acne has a...
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Science competitions
Táborská, Natálie ; Janštová, Vanda (advisor) ; Hlaváčová, Lucie (referee)
This bachelor thesis is about science competitions. The first part of the thesis focuses on the factors influencing participation in science competition. The factors have been divided into four groups, the first group focuses on the motivation of pupils and students to participate in competitions. The second group focuses on the school environment and the personality of the teacher, the third group includes the factors of leisure activities. The fourth group discusses family environment factors including the socio-economic status of student's family. The second part of the paper discuses the issue of low participation of women in science competitions with possible suggestions to increase the number of female competitors. The third part of the thesis takes a closer look at the implications of participation in science competitions. Participation in a competition can affect a student both positively and negatively, so this chapter has been divided into sub-sections of Benefits and Negative. The fourth part of the thesis focuses on the impact of science competitions on the pupil's future career. Competitions influence a student's choice of college and future career.
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Opinion and Knowledge Regarding Prevention of Acne Vulgaris among Girls of Secondary School
Třísková, Veronika ; Hlaváčová, Lucie (advisor) ; Ehler, Edvard (referee)
The diploma thesis is divided into theoretical and practical parts. In the theoretical part, the thesis deals with basic information about the skin disease acne. This part includes general knowledge about the skin and the skin care, as well as information specifically about acne vulgaris, factors of acne treatment, natural cosmetics and obviously to find out what is actually a perception of the girls in secondary school about acne. The theoretical part also provides advice on the prevention of the disease as well as on the subsequent treatment of acne skin disease.The aim of this is to highlight the issue of acne in secondary schools, to familiarize the reader with this common acne disease and to provide treatment alternatives as well as prevention. The main objective of the research part was to find out what information girls in secondary schools have about acne. The practical part od the diploma thesis deals with the current prevalence of acne in girls in secondary schools, specifically in the city of Pilsen. This part was processed by a questionnaire survey, which after its evaluation shows that out of 94 secondary school respondents, 89 girls in secondary school suffer from acne. Furthermore, the questionnaire showed that 72 respondents thought that acne is an infectious disease. In the...
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Morphology and Mobility of Vertebral Column in Human Biology Lower Secondary School Education
Spáčilová, Šárka ; Ehler, Edvard (advisor) ; Hlaváčová, Lucie (referee)
This master's thesis examines the topic of the structure and mobility of the spine in the teaching of biology in the eighth grade of elementary schools and the third grade of multi-year grammar schools (Gymnasiums). The aim of the thesis is to identify misconceptions held by students within the selected topic. The first part is theoretical. At the start, I analyse curriculum documents and define the term misconception, then I provide a brief description of the anatomy of the spine and trunk and the definition of mobility and in the last section I deal with musculoskeletal disorders, especially the VDT - poor posture and its prevention. The second part of the thesis is practical. Here, I first discuss the methodology of textbook analysis and the questionnaire survey. The aim of the textbook analysis is to determine the scope of the material on the musculoskeletal system in the textbooks, focusing on the topic of spinal structure and mobility. The introductory analysis is followed by a questionnaire compiled to identify students' misconceptions about the given topic. In the second section of the practical part, I evaluate the results of the textbook analysis and the questionnaire survey. The skeletal and muscular system as well as the structure of the spine and disorders of the musculoskeletal system...
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Pupils' Opinions on Using Teaching Methods and Forms of Teaching in Science Lessons
Hošková, Michaela ; Hlaváčová, Lucie (advisor) ; Nejedlý, Adam (referee)
The theoretical part of the thesis includes an introduction to concepts such as teacher learning, teacher typologies, and the transmissive and constructivist conceptions of teaching. It also describes pupil learning, pupil typologies and their learning styles and strategies. The next part of the theoretical section is concerned with teaching methods and forms of teaching. The history of teaching methods and forms and their different classifications are described. Examples of selected teaching methods (explanation, discussion, didactic games, project-based learning, critical thinking methods and brainstorming) are also included along with a basic description and evaluation of the positives and negatives of using them in teaching. In the practical part, the research is presented in the form of a questionnaire survey, in which a total of 270 respondents from primary schools and grammar schools from 9 regions participated. The results are processed into graphs and tables with labels and evaluated using Welch's t - test, Mann - Whitney statistical test and two relative frequencies test. The questionnaire includes questions related to the frequency of use of different methods and forms of teaching and to determine the pupils' opinions about each method and form from several aspects. The results showed...
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Activating programs for long-term hospitalized patients
HLAVÁČOVÁ, Lucie
In general, it is very important for a human being to stay active. During any kind of hospitalization, activities that anyone is used to from their home environment or lifestyle may get interrupted or halted completely. It is crucial to return these activities back to the life and activation programs were designed to help us with this task. The aim of this paper is to map the current usage of activation programs and the needs of any individual patient. The paper further focuses on the benefits of these programs and also on the general requirements of possible providers of activation programs. The research used qualitative methodology and information was obtained via semi-structured interviews. These interviews were conducted with ten nurses working at the Long-term Care Department of a hospital located in South Bohemian region and with ten selected patients from the same department. Research shows that activation programs are rarely used in every day operations. Currently, this issue is even more accented due to the world-wide epidemiological situation. The hospital is unable to offer all the special activation programs the patients need. The research itself provides comprehensive overview of the advantages stemming from using activation programs for both patients and the nursing staff. The final result of our research is a new concept of activation techniques. This concept would take into consideration patients' own interest an his/her physical strengths to allow them to select an appropriate activity. These would be offered by the nursing staff who would participate in any selected activity with the patient. All exercises would be simple enough and with low physical requirements for the nurse to be able to add these activities to the regular working schedule. We would suggested the following examples of activities: targeted conversations on a specific topic favored by the patient, reading, watching television, singing, painting and drawing, simple crafting and short strolls. The nurse would be properly trained and educated in providing support during the activity. Example information brochure with possible activation techniques is attached in the appendices section of this written work. The brochure will also be presented to the head nursing staff of the Long-term Care Department.
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Suggestions for Teaching the Topic Water at Lower-secondary School
Vávra, Vojtěch ; Pavlasová, Lenka (advisor) ; Hlaváčová, Lucie (referee)
The work deals with current trends in the didactics of the educational field of Man and Nature, especially project-based teaching and the integration of science subjects. The goal of the thesis is to design and evaluate teaching that is devoted to the topic of Water in various thematic areas of the cross-cutting topic of Environmental Education, using different teaching methods. The evaluation takes place on the basis of reflections from pupils and other pedagogues and, in addition to suggestions for methods, forms and organization of teaching, monitors the fulfillment of cognitive and affective goals. The results show that the educational goals were fulfilled with the help of this lesson. At the end, specific proposals are formulated for improving and streamlining the entire teaching.
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Biology Textbooks Evaluation from the Perspectives of Teachers
Šindelářová, Kateřina ; Hlaváčová, Lucie (advisor) ; Svobodová, Silvie (referee)
This diploma thesis focuses on selected textbooks used for teaching natural history and their evaluation by teachers who work with them. The work aims to find out teachers opinions on the quality and practical use of natural history textbooks from the publishing house "Fraus, Nová škola - Duha and SPN". The work is divided into two parts. In the theoretical part, the basic concepts related to textbooks are explained, and attention is paid to their evaluation and use possibilities. The research uses a questionnaire survey method to evaluate selected natural history textbooks by teachers. It focuses on specific work with a textbook, on topics that, according to the respondents, are not appropriately treated, and topics that are entirely missing or need not be in the book. The subsequent analysis of the collected data shows teachers' different approaches to using the textbook; some share only selected topics with their students, and homework assignments may also vary. In addition, most teachers think that not all topics are handled correctly, nor are they all genuinely essential. KEYWORDS textbook, natural history, topic, use, Fraus, Nová škola - Duha, SPN
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