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Creation of the Metaphors by Pupils, 8th Grade
Kurincová, Taťána ; Hříbková, Lenka (advisor) ; Chrz, Vladimír (referee)
The scope of this thesis was to track the metaphorical creativity of the 8th grade students. The research took place in three classes: in regular elementary school class, in language elementary school class and in eight years high school class. The main issues I was dealing with were following: Are the 8th grade students able to create metaphoras and if so than what are the main characteristics of their creation. Which factors can help and which can hinder such their ability. Can we already notice at the age of such students major differences in their language creativity? The structure of my thesis derives from my previous experience connected to the research on knowledge of the metaphoras of elementary school students at first and from a deep analysis of the scientific literature on the creativity at second. I have decided after a detailed study to give two materials to different students which are focused on the affirmation of their verbal expression and on their ability to understand metaphoras and hence the ability to create them. The research itself took place in the following way: first the students were given the material on the orientative affirmation of their verbal expression and after a one-week break material on their ability to understand and to create metaphoras. One school lesson during...
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Psychological intervention for mothers of premature newborns
Matoušová, Milada ; Šulová, Lenka (advisor) ; Horáková Hoskovcová, Simona (referee) ; Hříbková, Lenka (referee)
The disertation thesis focuses on the problem of premature delivery and the effect of a premature newborn on his parents' mental state and feelings. In particular, mothers of premature infants usually experience premature delivery in a very negative way. It is a difficult life situation, which increases demands on both parents, respectively on the whole family. The level of immaturity and medical condition of the premature child significantly affect and violate the natural contact and the early parent-child interaction, which in turn affects the development of their relationship. The consequences of the premature birth for parents and children may last very long, because the immaturity at birth carries a risk of health problems for the whole life. Medical care of premature newborns in the Czech Republic is at the high level and statistical indicators of this specialized care are at the top. In order to archive the best results, excelent medical care for premature infants must be completed by specialised psychological support and assistance given to the parents and whole families. Key words: risk pregnancy, premature delivery, prenatal development, limit of viability, premature newborn, early interaction, breastfeeding, child care
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Pupil's assignation of causef of success and failure
Saitlová, Barbora ; Pavelková, Isabella (advisor) ; Hříbková, Lenka (referee)
The attribution process is connected with searching for the causes of the behaviour of the other people or our own behaviour. The effort to interpret and understand the causes of manners of the other people is the human natural tendency, which enables not only to understand the world, but also find its meaning. The attribution process proceeds mostly quite unwittingly and it is not simple. It is influenced, in particular, by lots of information and their veracity, by human ability to process information adequately, by individual's needs and interests and, of course, by individual's emotions. As we have lack of information in the given moment and we need to make decision how to behave, we have to not only search for the causes of the events but also atribute them. Thus cognitive information elaboration vicariously influence our behaviour and our motivation, too. However, a man attributes causes not only to the behaviour of the other people, but also to his own behaviour. It is a process, which precedes own behaviour outcome expectance and it is one of substantial components of cognitive motivation. The attribution process follows outcome (achievement or failure) and it is a part of evaluation. In the first part of my dissertation I deal with theoretical questions of causal attributions - Weiner's attribution...
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Solving Problems with Primary School Pupils (with a View to the Strategy "Guessing the Answers")
Říhová, Miroslava ; Hříbková, Lenka (advisor) ; Chrz, Vladimír (referee)
The goal of this diplima thesis is deseription and analysis of guessing stratégy at school during teaching. It is focused on the reasons of using this stratégy and its influence by a teacher. The text has two passages - the theoretical one and the empirie one. The theoretical part is done in context with the empirie data. We are mostly interested in the research, but the theory is important for understanding the context. The guessing stratégy here is compared with "Trial and error" stratégy, heuristic of "Generate and try" and "Heuristic exploration" and Bruneťs stratégy of "Focus gambling". The result of comparison these strategies with the guessing stratégy is our own defenition - producing some answers in problém situation involving schoolwork. The problém situation is construed as a necessity of making some performance. Empirie research is divided into three parts. Experimental data are from the elementary school. All these parts are particularly based on observetion of a contexts where the guessing stratégy was used. Some data were obtained by a quasiexperiment and by a short questinoary for teachers.
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Learning about social life and institutions in younger school-age in case of mild mental retardation
Vojtíšková, Marika ; Klusák, Miroslav (advisor) ; Hříbková, Lenka (referee)
This bachelor thesis deals with learning about social life and institutions in case of children with mild mental retardation. The authoress summarizes the Jean Piaget's theory of moral development (especially known from studies The Moral Judgment of the Child and La psychologie de l'enfant), anteriorly each stage (anomy; heteronomy; autonomy). This theory is compared to learning about social life and institutions as described in Czech Framework Education Programme (Rámcový vzdělávací program), called Man and His World. The core of this text is using Piaget's and his followers' research methods on a sample of children with mild mental retardation from the Prague practical school named LOPES. The structured interview method examined probands of two age groups understanding three stories containing different types of morally problematic situations (telling untruth, property damage, causing an unpleasant situation). Text also describes pilot study that helps to set method more accurate. The bachelor thesis at its end provides a summary of research results and their reflection by special educational teacher (without knowledge of the sample of children). That verifies the wider validity of conclusions and lays the foundation for further research.
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Social-emotional characteristics of gifted children at preschool age
Bartoňová, Anna ; Hříbková, Lenka (advisor) ; High, Radka (referee)
This thesis deals with the issue of gifted pre-school children. The aim of this work is to identify and describe the socio-emotional characteristics of gifted preschoolers. The theoretical part focuses on general definitions of giftedness and talent, general characteristics of gifted preschoolers and their identifying. It also focuses on the characteristics reported in the literature with a particular emphasis on socio-emotional area. In the empirical part, which uses qualitative methodology, six preschoolers, who were labeled as gifted by their teachers were observed. The main methods included naturalistic observation and structured interviews with teachers of gifted children. Based on my observation I found that some socio-emotional symptoms occured more widely in the observed gifted children. Firstly almost all the observed children held the positions of group leader. They often communicated with authorities more often confidently and without shyness. Most of them had a strong need to inform the teacher about something or to boast about something. Most of the observed children had close friends in the class. For each one of them, a collective game predominates and they divide tasks among their peers or they rebuke them. Most of the observed children had much enthusiasm for activities and during...
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Issues of Gifted Education in the Teacher Training for Primary School
Krčmářová, Tereza ; Spilková, Vladimíra (advisor) ; Tomková, Anna (referee) ; Hříbková, Lenka (referee)
The thesis deals with issues related to implementation of the topic of gifted education into teacher training for primary schools. In the theoretical part of this thesis are prepared on the basis of scientific literature the most important findings concerning the theory and the concept of talent. Main attention is paid to personality of gifted child in preschool and primary school age, their identification, specific forms of behavior and potential problems. Following are summarized basic organizational forms, strategies and models of gifted education. Given the current trend of integration of pupils with special educational needs, the thesis focus on education of gifted students in regular classrooms. In the next section are described the specifics of development and state of the system of care for gifted pupils in the Czech Republic. The final chapter is devoted to issues of personality and teacher education. The aim of the research part of this thesis is in the action research based on the planning, re-implementation and evaluation of actual teaching to create unique design of course focused on issues of highly able pupils as part of teacher training for primary schools at the Faculty of Education, Charles University.
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Social relationships of artistically talented adolescents and their peers
Borovský, Matej ; Hříbková, Lenka (advisor) ; Viktorová, Ida (referee)
This thesis deals with quality of social relationships of artistically talented adolescents and compares it with social relationships of their peers. Researched areas include peer relations and relationships with parents and other authorities. Results of the research are then compared to the information gathered from scientific literature, which deals with adolescent relationships, specifically of those academically talented. Research data was gathered with semi-structured interviews with six respondents in two groups. The first group consisted of three artistically talented adolescents, the second group consisted of three adolescents without artistic interest. Afterwards, the material was analyzed by using thematic analysis. The results of the analysis and the comparison with the literature is described in the final chapters of the thesis. KEYWORDS social relationships, adolescence, artistically talented, thematic analysis, qualitative research
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