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Study of migration of cells affected by sulfur mustard
Mojská, Mária ; Macháček, Miloslav (advisor) ; Fikrová, Petra (referee)
Charles University Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Biochemical Sciences Candidate: Mária Mojská Supervisor: RNDr. Miloslav Macháček, PhD. Consultant: Mgr. Petr Jošt, PhD. Title of diploma thesis: Study of the migration of cells affected by sulfur mustard Sulfur mustard is a highly toxic chemical agent. From the point of view of toxicology, it is classified as a blistering agent, and its use is prohibited by the Chemical Weapons Convention. However, this substance has been used in several armed conflicts and terrorist attacks in the past. When it comes in contact with human skin, it produces typical blisters filled with a yellowish exudate. Sulfur mustard has cytotoxic and cytostatic effects on living tissue, and therefore the treatment of such lesions is extremely difficult. This thesis is focused on the in vitro evaluation of the possibility of employing growth factors IGF, KGF, and EGF in the wounding process of sulfur mustard-damaged tissue. The effect of these growth factors on collective migration of HaCaT keratinocytes and HDFa skin fibroblasts under in vitro conditions was evaluated using the "scratch wound healing assay" method. Our results show that the toxic effects of sulfur mustard inhibit cell migration to such an extent that the positive effect of the growth...
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Ovarian carcinomas - the influence of the Rho kinase family on cell migration
Barešová, Veronika ; Urbánková Rathouská, Jana (advisor) ; Fikrová, Petra (referee)
Author: Veronika Barešová Title: Ovarian carcinomas - the influence of Rho family kinases on cell migration Diploma thesis Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Biological and Medical Sciences Ovarian carcinomas are the deadliest group of gynecological malignancies. This is due to a high rate of metastasis and acquired drug resistance. Metastasis is characterized by a phenotypic change of cells from epithelial to mesenchymal, resulting in the loss of cell-cell and cell-extracellular matrix contacts and subsequent cell movement. This process is called epithelial-mesenchymal transition and has been shown to also play a role in cell resistance to cisplatin. The movement of individual cells is mediated by the Rho GTPase family and can be divided into mesenchymal and amoeboid types. The amoeboid type is characterized by the Rho/ROCK signaling pathway, while mesenchymal movement is mediated by the Rac/Cdc42 pathways. In my thesis, we investigated the differences in expression of selected proteins in both signaling pathways in ovarian carcinoma cells. Initially, we focused on comparing the A2780 and A2780cis cell lines, which are resistant to cisplatin. We monitored markers of amoeboid movement, RhoA and phosphorylated myosin, and markers of mesenchymal movement, Wave-2,...
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Study of migration of cells affected by sulfur mustard
Mojská, Mária ; Macháček, Miloslav (advisor) ; Fikrová, Petra (referee)
Charles University Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Biochemical Sciences Candidate: Mária Mojská Supervisor: RNDr. Miloslav Macháček, PhD. Consultant: Mgr. Petr Jošt, PhD. Title of diploma thesis: Study of the migration of cells affected by sulfur mustard Sulfur mustard is a highly toxic chemical agent. From the point of view of toxicology, it is classified as a blistering agent, and its use is prohibited by the Chemical Weapons Convention. However, this substance has been used in several armed conflicts and terrorist attacks in the past. When it comes in contact with human skin, it produces typical blisters filled with a yellowish exudate. Sulfur mustard has cytotoxic and cytostatic effects on living tissue, and therefore the treatment of such lesions is extremely difficult. This thesis is focused on the in vitro evaluation of the possibility of employing growth factors IGF, KGF, and EGF in the wounding process of sulfur mustard-damaged tissue. The effect of these growth factors on collective migration of HaCaT keratinocytes and HDFa skin fibroblasts under in vitro conditions was evaluated using the "scratch wound healing assay" method. Our results show that the toxic effects of sulfur mustard inhibit cell migration to such an extent that the positive effect of the growth...
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Development of diagnostic method in colorectal cancer
Pešková, Tereza ; Fikrová, Petra (advisor) ; Vašinová, Martina (referee)
The bachelor thesis is a review focused on colorectal cancer (CRC), its incidence, prevention, treatment, but especially on the methods of diagnosis that help to detect this disease. In the first part of the thesis, the colon is anatomically and histologically described. Next is presented the disease of the CRC, its origin, occurrence, symptoms, prevention, and finally treatment options. In the next part, the work focuses on specific methods of diagnosis. One of the most effective method for early detection of cancer is a screening program that uses the methods of examination of occult bleeding into the stool and colonoscopy. Colonoscopy itself is considered to be the gold standard for the diagnosis of CRC. Despite the development of new and more modern methods for diagnosis, colonoscopy is still one of the most widely used and most reliable methods. Furthermore, radiological methods, especially computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), are described. These methods have made a great move towards detecting lesions more accurately and earlier. These methods are also still often combined with colonoscopy to provide a more comprehensive and detailed picture for diagnosis. These new methods, such as virtual colonoscopy, positron emission tomography combined with CT (PET/CT), or...
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Ovarian carcinomas - the influence of the Rho kinase family on cell migration
Barešová, Veronika ; Rathouská, Jana (advisor) ; Fikrová, Petra (referee)
Author: Veronika Barešová Title: Ovarian carcinomas - the influence of Rho family kinases on cell migration Diploma thesis Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Biological and Medical Sciences Ovarian carcinomas are the deadliest group of gynecological malignancies. This is due to a high rate of metastasis and acquired drug resistance. Metastasis is characterized by a phenotypic change of cells from epithelial to mesenchymal, resulting in the loss of cell-cell and cell-extracellular matrix contacts and subsequent cell movement. This process is called epithelial-mesenchymal transition and has been shown to also play a role in cell resistance to cisplatin. The movement of individual cells is mediated by the Rho GTPase family and can be divided into mesenchymal and amoeboid types. The amoeboid type is characterized by the Rho/ROCK signaling pathway, while mesenchymal movement is mediated by the Rac/Cdc42 pathways. In my thesis, we investigated the differences in expression of selected proteins in both signaling pathways in ovarian carcinoma cells. Initially, we focused on comparing the A2780 and A2780cis cell lines, which are resistant to cisplatin. We monitored markers of amoeboid movement, RhoA and phosphorylated myosin, and markers of mesenchymal movement, Wave-2,...
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Effect of dapagliflozin on the expression and function of endoglin and related biomarkers of endothelial dysfunction in human diabetic coronary endothelial cells
Vavreková, Valéria ; Tripská, Katarína (advisor) ; Fikrová, Petra (referee)
Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Biological and Medical Sciences Title of Diploma Thesis: Effect of dapagliflozin on the expression and function of endoglin and related biomarkers of endothelial dysfunction in human diabetic coronary artery endothelial cells Author: Valéria Vavreková Supervisor of Diploma Thesis: PharmDr. Katarína Tripská, Ph.D. Aim: The aim of this thesis was to investigate how dapagliflozin affects the expression and function of endoglin (Eng) and related biomarkers of endothelial dysfunction at different times and concentrations in human diabetic cells. Methods: In this thesis, we worked with human diabetic coronary endothelial cells. We premedicated these with dapagliflozin at different times and concentrations, and dimethyl sulfoxide was used as a control. We measured protein expression of Eng and biomarkers of endothelial dysfunction using flow cytometry. We also used flow cytometry to measure the rate of monocyte adhesion to endothelial. Using ELISA, we detected soluble endoglin (sEng) levels. Results: We demonstrated that a 1nM concentration of dapagliflozin during a 12-hour premedication period led to a decrease in protein expression of adhesion molecules. We further showed that protein expression of Eng was also significantly reduced...
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Profile of patiens with pelvic organ prolaps
Šavlová, Lucie ; Kudláčková, Zděnka (advisor) ; Fikrová, Petra (referee)
Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy Hradec Králové Department: Departmen of Biological and Medical Sciences Author: Lucie Šavlová Supervisior: PhDr. Zdeňka Kudláčková, Ph.D. Consultant: MUDr. Dominik Habeš, Mg. Veronika Bernhauerová, Ph.D. Title of Thesis: Profile of patients with pelvic organs prolapse Introduction: Up to half of women over the age of 50 suffer from the pelvic organs prolapse. Although not a life-threatening condition, descending in higher stages reduces the patient's quality of life. Around 11 % of women therefore opt for an operative solution. Unfortunately, operations correcting the descent of the pelvic organs are burdened by a relatively large rate of return (recurrence) of the descent. Aim of the thesis: The aim of this work was a retrospective evaluation of the success of pelvic organ descent surgeries, analysis of risk factors leading to recurrence and finding out the subjective satisfaction of patients with the operation depending on whether they suffered from recurrence or not. The operations were performed at the University Hospital in Hradec Králové. These were always procedures associated with the use of polypropylene MESH implanted vaginally. Methods: In the evaluation of the first half of the experimental part, the examined group contained 241 women...
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Benign prostatic hyperplasia
Hrbáčová, Patricie ; Rathouská, Jana (advisor) ; Fikrová, Petra (referee)
Background: Benign prostatic hyperplasia is a relatively common disease affecting men at a later age. It affects a large number of the population and causes discomfort in everyday life. In order to improve the patient's quality of life, it is essential to know the necessary facts about this disease, its origin and effects on the body. Main findings: Under the influence of various factors, prostate cells proliferate and thus enlarge. The enlarged gland then presses on the urethra and causes difficulty urinating. By early and effective diagnosis, we can distinguish benign prostatic hyperplasia from other diseases and also ensure appropriate therapy. Conclusions: Information was sought on the risk factors that lead to this disease, the development of the disease and its consequences for the male organism. The work also describes methods of diagnosis and treatment options depending on the extent of the disease. Keywords: benign prostatic hyperplasia, pathophysiology, diagnostics, treatment
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Profile of patiens with pelvic organ prolaps
Šavlová, Lucie ; Kudláčková, Zděnka (advisor) ; Fikrová, Petra (referee)
Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy Hradec Králové Department: Departmen of Biological and Medical Sciences Author: Lucie Šavlová Supervisior: PhDr. Zdeňka Kudláčková, Ph.D. Consultant: MUDr. Dominik Habeš, Mg. Veronika Bernhauerová, Ph.D. Title of Thesis: Profile of patients with pelvic organs prolapse Introduction: Up to half of women over the age of 50 suffer from the pelvic organs prolapse. Although not a life-threatening condition, descending in higher stages reduces the patient's quality of life. Around 11 % of women therefore opt for an operative solution. Unfortunately, operations correcting the descent of the pelvic organs are burdened by a relatively large rate of return (recurrence) of the descent. Aim of the thesis: The aim of this work was a retrospective evaluation of the success of pelvic organ descent surgeries, analysis of risk factors leading to recurrence and finding out the subjective satisfaction of patients with the operation depending on whether they suffered from recurrence or not. The operations were performed at the University Hospital in Hradec Králové. These were always procedures associated with the use of polypropylene MESH implanted vaginally. Methods: In the evaluation of the first half of the experimental part, the examined group contained 241 women...
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