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Development of demographic ageing in Italy and Spain
Illáš, Matej ; Kurtinová, Olga (advisor) ; Fialová, Ludmila (referee)
Development of demographic ageing in Italy and Spain Abstract This paper aims to describe and compare the process of demographic ageing and its components in Italy and Spain from 1960 to the present day. Demographic ageing is analyzed in the paper mainly through the share of the population over 65 years old, the old-age dependency ratio, and the median age. The main data source for this work is the Eurostat database. At the beginning of the observed period, Italy had only marginally higher values of demographic ageing indicators. However, during the observed interval, when both countries aged significantly, a much more significant difference was created between the countries. According to population projections, this difference should probably decrease by 2050, but both countries are expected to continue ageing. Keywords: demographic ageing, population ageing, age structure, Italy, Spain Character count (without spaces): 77 884
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Contemporary education in international perspective
Sochová, Lucie ; Rychtaříková, Jitka (advisor) ; Fialová, Ludmila (referee)
Contemporary education in international perspective Abstract The thesis addresses the topic of contemporary education in European countries with a focus on tertiary education. The first part is devoted to a general overview of education in Europe, the International Classification of Education ISCED, organizations dealing with education and their activities in the form of programs, collection of internationally comparable data or publications. It includes a description of education policies in European countries and a description of education systems in selected countries. The second part analyses data for 2020 provided by the OECD on tertiary graduates, which are considered in terms of international classifications, age or gender. A cluster analysis of bachelor and master graduates, divided by gender, is carried out in order to identify the presence of regions with similar characteristics and to further analyse them to show different trends depending on the gender of the graduates, level or fields of study. Key words: tertiary education, International Classification of Education ISCED, education policy, education system, graduates, cluster analysis
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Standardization of evaluative instrument for verify basic education standard in the branch Physical education
Havel, Rostislav ; Fialová, Ludmila (advisor) ; Řepka, Emil (referee) ; Hřivnová, Michaela (referee)
Title of the work: Standardization of the evaluation tool for verifying the standard of basic education in the field of physical education Author: PhDr. Rostislav Havel The dissertation deals with the knowledge area of the standards of the educational field Physical Education. The main goal was to create a didactic test for verifying the knowledge component of 9th grade elementary school students. The first step was the creation of an item database of 75 test tasks. Subsequently, pre-research (N=669) and pilot study (N=168) were carried out, which were mainly focused on the estimation of reliability, validity and item analysis of tasks. The final (standardization) version of the test was administered to 3 271 9th-grade elementary school students and contains 28 multiple-choice tasks with one correct answer and three distractors. The item response theory (IRT) method was used to analyze the test items, namely a three- parameter model with the values of the discrimination parameter, difficulty and pseudo- guessability parameter. To assess the dimensionality of the test, exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis was chosen as a part of the pilot tests and the final version. Based on expert assessment, content validity was evaluated. Cronbach's alpha coefficient and McDonald's omega value were used...
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Israel's population policy
Benešová, Tereza ; Šťastná, Anna (advisor) ; Fialová, Ludmila (referee)
The thesis deals with the population development of Israel in the context of individual population policy measures between 1948-2022. The basic concepts of population policies and theories are anchored in the literature review. Specific measures that have been taken in Israel are also discussed and the issue is placed in a political and historical context. The literature review is followed by an analytical part that examines indicators of fertility, migration and assisted reproduction in the context of Israel's birth and immigration policy. In the conclusion, space is also devoted to the possible future direction of Israel's population policies. In the results of the thesis, the influence of a specific measure on population development is not clear, but the partial connections between Israel's population policy and population development are primarily pointed out. Keywords Israel, population policy, population development, fertility, migration
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Family Planning in India and Pakistan
Chrtková, Sylvie ; Kocourková, Jiřina (advisor) ; Fialová, Ludmila (referee)
Family planning in India and Pakistan Abstract The world's population continues to grow, and the highest growth rates and population growth are recorded in lower-income countries, mainly in South and Southeast Asia. The key strategy for reducing the rate of growth and birth rate in these countries are family planning programs. Their main goals is the support of women, reproductive health, or the right of couples to freely decide on the number of children and the spacing between them. The aim of the work is therefore a comparison of family planning programs in India and Pakistan, i.e. countries in which family planning programs have been operating for more than 60 years, but their growth rate is still very high. The work compares the population development of the studied countries, the knowledge and use of contraceptive methods by married women aged 15-49 and tries to answer questions regarding the evaluation of the effectiveness of family planning programs in India and Pakistan. Data from the general Demographic and Health Survey and data from the World Bank database are used for the analysis. As part of the analysis, graphic elements and descriptive statistics are used. Binary logistic regression was used to analyze satisfaction with family planning programs. The results of the work showed that the family...
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The computation of nuclear power plant heat exchanger
Fialová, Ludmila ; Baláš, Marek (referee) ; Milčák, Pavel (advisor)
The theoretical part of my thesis analyses the topic of heat exchangers in nuclear power plants. A summary of each nuclear power plant’s circuit and its main is conducted. Furthermore, the term heat exchanger is introduced. The function and elemental construction of some significant types of heat exchangers is analysed. Their function in nuclear power plants is also described. In the computational part of this thesis, values describing parameters of the heat exchange, the heat balance of the exchanger and its main construction dimensions are calculated for a particular heat exchanger – tube and shell condenser.
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Relationship between projected and adopted curriculum Health education for primary education graduates
Polívka, Tomáš ; Fialová, Ludmila (advisor) ; Řepka, Emil (referee) ; Marádová, Eva (referee)
Title: Relationship between projected and adopted curriculum Health Education for primary education graduates Problem: Curricular reform begins in 2004, and education is transformed into this reform. Schools are gaining more autonomy, so that they can use their conditions more effectively. The educational field of Health Education is newly being introduced in schools. This field of education should pass on knowledge and skills, that will help students maintain a higher level of health in the future. We see the problem in the fact that Health Education is not clearly defined in the system of curricular documents and schools have a relatively large degree of autonomy in its implementation. In addition, no systematic feedback is provided yet. Thus, it is not clear how effective is the teaching of Health Education, how much time is devoted to it, how teachers are educated and what is the interest in studying Health Education at pedagogical faculties, there are also no standardized evaluation tools. Aim of the thesis: The aim of the thesis is to analyse the level of the acquired curriculum of the educational field of Health Education with regard to the model implementation of the designed curriculum and to find out which main organizational form is most effective for meeting the outputs set in the...
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Quality of life and Physical Self in Senior Population
Polívková, Aneta ; Fialová, Ludmila (advisor) ; Hošková, Blanka (referee)
Title: Quality of life and Physical Self in Senior Population Objectives: The main aim of this thesis is to analyze the quality of life of the elderly with respect to the place where they live and the level of physical activities performed in the past and present. Respondents are divided into those living in nursing homes and those who live in their natural environment. In particular, we want to find out whether these two groups differ in the given areas of life or not. Another criterion by which we divide and compare the respondents is the amount of physical activity in the past and present. The aim of this division is to determine the effect of physical activity on the current quality of life of the elderly. Methods: The selected means of obtaining information for our thesis was a paper questionnaire. After analyzing several questionnaires focused on quality of life, the SQUALA questionnaire was selected. We used statistical methods for nonparametric data to evaluate the results. Results: The results confirmed the relationship between physical activity and a higher level of quality of life. On the contrary, we have refuted the expectations of a better quality of life in the health dimension of seniors living at home. Furthermore, we found out that seniors living in nursing homes overall rated...
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Demographic development in Cambodia since the second half of the 20th century
Dušek, Adam ; Hulíková Tesárková, Klára (advisor) ; Fialová, Ludmila (referee)
Demographic development in Cambodia since the second half of the 20th century Abstract This thesis deals with the population development in Cambodia since the second half of the 20th century. The objective of the thesis is to characterize population development in Cambodia during 1950-2020, focusing on the period of the 1970s. A sub-objective is to put demographic development into a historical context. The topic was analyzed through a study of relevant literature and subsequent demographic analysis based on data from the World Population Prospects database, other UN institutions and publications of notable scholars. It has been confirmed that the events that took place in the country during the Khmer Rouge rule from 1975 to 1979 had a significant impact on the population development and direction of the country. Extreme violence and harsh living conditions claimed at least 1.5 million victims. The age-sex structure was fundamentally distorted by the high excess mortality of young men. A period of increased fertility followed, but soon declined. Cambodia's population rose from 4.4 million to 16.7 million during the period under review. However, population growth has been slowing down due to declining fertility and high emigration. Keywords Cambodia, demographic development, Khmer Rouge, excess mortality
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Abortions and stillbirths in the city parish of Linz (Austria) in 1913-1932
Řebíková, Michaela ; Velková, Alice (advisor) ; Fialová, Ludmila (referee)
Abortions and stillbirths in the city parish of Linz (Austria) in 1913-1932 Abstract This bachelor thesis deals with abortions and stillbirths between 1913 and 1932 in the municipal parish of Linz (Linz Stadtpfarre). The main aim is to characterize the development of stillbirths and abortions in this parish and the subsequent deeper analysis of stillbirths and abortions. The data was obtained from the registry books using the data excerption method. The thesis will present the original data sources, the method of their collection and the main characteristics of the dataset outside the analyses themselves. The thesis will deal with the characterization of stillbirths in terms of sex, legitimacy, seasonality or will try to establish the association between the duration of pregnacy and fetal length in centimetres. Keywords: abortions, stillbirth, Linz, registry offices, analysis, 20th century
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