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Evaluation of developmental dyspraxia in children with obesity
Benáková, Lucie ; Kraus, Josef (advisor) ; Dvořáková, Marcela (referee)
Bibliographic identification BENÁKOVÁ, Lucie. Evaluation of Developmental Dyspraxia in Children with Obesity. Prague: Charles University, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Department of Rehabilitation and Sports Medicine, 2013. 88 p. Supervisor MUDr. Josef Kraus, CSc. Abstract: The aim of the study was to evaluate the level of motor skills in children with obesity using a diagnostic test Movement Assessment Battery for Children, second edition. We also wanted to determine whether there is a linear correlation between motor skills and attention in obese children. Attention was assessed using the d2 test of attention. We tested 32 children (13 girls and 19 boys), mean age 13.3 years. We found that the relative frequency of motor skill deficits in obese children were significantly different from the relative frequency of motor skill deficits in the general population. We found statistically significant difference between each motor skills in boys group assessed by MABC-2 test. Furthermore, we confirmed the existence of a statistically significant linear correlation between the level of motor skills in obese boys and percentile of Body Mass Index. In obese girls, this correlation was not demonstrated. We have not shown any significant linear correlation between levels of motor skills and attention. Keywords: motor...
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Stroke in childhood - the selected possibilities of physiotherapy as a part of a comprehensive treatment
Vitvarová, Anna ; Dvořáková, Marcela (advisor) ; Tetřevová, Lenka (referee)
Stroke and cerebrovascular disease are already amongst the top ten causes of death in childhood and are probably increasing in prevalence. This work summarizes available knowledge about development, etiology and prevalence of strokes in childhood, it deals with risk factors, describes disorders associated with ischaemic or haemorrhagic stroke, and focuses on clinical presentation and the differences in the presentation of stroke in adults. The work shortly describes the most common approaches of management in acute strokes. More than a half of the children have residual motor, cognitive or senzitive deficit, so this work is concerned with possibilities of therapeutic rehabilitation, especially with various methods of physiotherapy usable to treat this disease. The thesis is supplemented by three case reports, which show the variability of stroke causes and describe individual course of physiotherapy. The case reports include simple questionnaires about the quality of life.
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The synthesis of stable O-acetyl-adenosine diphosphoribose analogs and inhibitors of sirtuins
Dvořáková, Marcela ; Vaněk, Tomáš (advisor) ; Jindřich, Jindřich (referee) ; Krečmerová, Marcela (referee)
Acetylated adenosine diphosphoribose (OAADPR) is a product of protein deacetylation catalysed by class III of histone deacetylases called sirtuins. Sirtuins deacetylate histones and other proteins by unique mechanism coupled with consumption of stoichiometric amount of NAD+ . Sirtuins and OAADPR are implicated in the regulation of gene transcription, signalling and metabolic pathways and lifespan extension, thus preventing the development of age-related diseases. Even though, sirtuins are well studied, the exact biological role of OAADPR remains mainly unknown. Its further exploration is restricted by OAADPR's proneness to enzymatic hydrolysis. Therefore, non-hydrolysable analogues of OAADPR are needed to establish its biological function. These analogues are also expected to be competitive inhibitors of sirtuins, which may reveal their potential as therapeutic agents. A series of OAADPR analogues in which the acetate moiety was replaced with alkylcarbonate functionality has been synthesized. The studies of alkylcarbonate migration on furanoside scaffold have established the stability of alkylcarbonate vs. acetate under various conditions. Generally, alkylcarbonates are more stable than acetate under acidic or neutral conditions whereas under basic conditions they seem to be less stable....
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THE STUDY OF THE BIOTRANSFORMATION OF MONOTERPENIC MIXTURES BY IN VITRO CULTURES OF HIGHER PLANTS
Dvořáková, Marcela
This study is focused on the biotransformation of monoterpenic mixtures by in vitro cultures of higher plants. The biotransformation of monoterpenes is an area of special interest because oxygenated monoterpenes are often used as flavourings and fragrances, and their anticarcinogenic effects have been investigated. Most biotransformations are carried out by bacteria because of their rapid growth. On the other side, plants have a more complex range of enzymes which might lead to more valuable products. In this study, qualitative composition of biotransformation products of three different monoterpenic mixtures are identified and compared. The main products are myrtenol, trans-pinocarveol, trans-verbenol and verbenone. Their absolute quantitative yields are defined. This study also determines the dependance of the relative quantitative product yields on time (0-20 days), and the way this dependance alters with the changes of the initial concentration of monoterpenic mixtures (0,22 - 8,60 g/l). The enzymes which higher plants may use to transform monoterpenes are discussed. It seems most probable that monoterpenes are transformed by cytochrome P450 monooxygenase enzymes.
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The incidence of thyroid in selected regions of the Czech Republic in terms of saturation with iodine
Dvořáková, Marcela ; Zamrazil, Václav (advisor) ; Topolčan, Ondřej (referee) ; Stárka, Luboslav (referee) ; Čáp, Jan (referee)
24 9. SUMMARY 1. Natural sources such as water or soil contain iodine in low amounts in the Czech Republic. 2. Clinical manifestations of iodopenia were severe and occured in certain geographical areas in the past. 3. Iodization of table salt started in the fifties of the last century as a result of extensive epidemiological research and since then it has significantly improved iodine saturation in general. 4. Further steps in iodine prophylaxis in the mid-nineties of the 20th century have improved iodine saturation according to ICCIDD/WHO criteria. 5. Resolution of iodine deficiency does not represent, however, a closed chapter. 6. Individuals at risk, such as pregnant or breastfeeding women and patients on a salt- restricted diet, are worthy of public health concern. 7. There needs to be increased awareness of chronic excess of iodine with respect to an increasing prevalence of autoimmune thyroid disorders. 8. There is a need to continue education of the general population focused on adequate iodine intake from various foods (see products, milk) and to maintain a daily iodine intake in the "optimal ranges". Based on the international criteria, the Czech Republic is iodine sufficient country. This happened due to a multidisciplinary collaboration coordinated by the Regional Iodine Deficiency Council...
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Pathophysiology of primary congenital and early-onset non-autoimmune hypothyroidism
Al Taji, Eva ; Lebl, Jan (advisor) ; Dvořáková, Marcela (referee) ; Jiskra, Jan (referee) ; Stárka, Luboslav (referee)
Background: Thyroid dysgenesis (TD) and thyroid dyshormonogenesis clinically manifest as permanent primary congenital hypothyroidism (CH) and only rarely as non-congenital, postnatal non-autoimmune hypothyroidism. As basic molecular events underlying the regulation of thyroid development, growth and function were clarified in the last decade, molecular pathogenesis of TD and dyshormonogenesis has been intensively studied. Candidate genes for TD and dyshormonogenesis had been described and their mutations were subsequently detected in several patients with non-syndromic and syndromic CH. Nevertheless, no systematic population-based phenotype-focused molecular genetic analysis had been performed and concerning TD, the data regarded only a few individual patients. Aim: The aim of this extensive study was to identify monogenic forms of TD and dyshormonogenesis in a population-based cohort of Czech patients mostly with CH. Systematic mutation screening was based on a detailed clinical information and phenotype description, and thus focused on clinically defined subgroups of patients matching the phenotypes of already known candidate gene mutations.
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Protection against radiation at the out-patients and at the operating theatres - the role of the radiological assistant in safeguarding against radiation
Šimáková, Eva ; Hořák, Jaromír (advisor) ; Dvořáková, Marcela (referee)
The eim of this Bachelor's thesi s is to evaluate the radiation protection in arnbulatory care centers arnbulatory roorns consequences of excessive radiation on the rnolecular and organ level are also reviewed. New legislature, conceming the protection ofwornen is also discussed. The deterrnination in roorns), pararneters rnentioned frorn approximation principles The arnbulatory rooIUS. rneasurernents values frorn 2005. cornprises tab les, selected thesis radi ation ambulatory in comparison to operating rooms. First, the legislature of radiation protection is discussed. Then, different protective tools used in ambulatory care centers and operating rooms are listed. The excessÍve molecular concerning ofwomen Tne determination of effective dose (in ambulatory care centers and operating rooms), data processing, and different apparatus parameters are mentioned in another part. The groups used in this study were divided in respect to the age and diagnose. The data from the measurements can be used for approx.imation of radiation effective dose. The general princi ples of radiological assistant role in radiation protection are discussed consecutively, as well as the possibilities ofradiation reduction. Tne radiation protection is reviewed in respect to differences between ambulatory care centers and operating...
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