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The impossibility of private language
Hnyk, Tomáš ; Kolman, Vojtěch (advisor) ; Dostálová, Ludmila (referee)
Wittgenstein's argument against private language is subjected to scru- tiny in this thesis. Three arguments against private language are found. Private language would be impossible to imagine, would not have a function and would lack any criteria of right or wrong use. Next, several reactions by later philosophers are discussed leading to a better understanding of Wittgenstein's argumentation. Soames's and Ayer's objections help to point out that thought experiments are admissible only when respecting our forms of life. They also empha- size the fact that Wittgenstein was not concerned with truth condi- tions but with assertibility conditions. Last, Kripke's interpretation of Wittgenstein is mentioned briefly.
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The logical analysis and the logical form of the statements "A exists"
Dostálová, Ludmila ; Materna, Pavel (advisor) ; Zouhar, Marián (referee) ; Kolman, Vojtěch (referee)
The thesis investigates the logical form of the statements "so-and-so exists". Firstly, the historical survey was displayed in order to identify the meaning of this sort of statements. Hence starting conditions of the logical analysis were defined as well as the requirements that the background logic of the logical analysis must fulfill in order to be an adequate tool to express their logical form. Consequently, various logical forms of existential statements as they are expressed in different logic systems were compared in order to show to what extent they fulfull the demand. The evaluation criteria were: the equivalency of truth-conditions, fulfillment of intuitions, and the acceptability of the deductive results.
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Plato's Parmenides from a logical point of view
Nalevajková, Nikola ; Vlasáková, Marta (advisor) ; Dostálová, Ludmila (referee)
The main subject of my thesis is the so called "Third Man Argument". It is an objection, which appeared already during Plato's life and was raised against Plato's Theory of forms. As a reaction to this argument, Plato wrote the dialogue Parmenides, to formulate it explicitly, together with other objections which attacked his forms that time as well. After study of the dialogue itself follows a part devoted to three different attitudes to the issue of Third Man Argument, namely by G. Vlastos, E. N. Zalta and F.J. Pelletier and at last by M. S. Cohen. On Last pages are mentioned attitudes, which see Forms as universals and sets.
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The impossibility of private language
Hnyk, Tomáš ; Kolman, Vojtěch (advisor) ; Dostálová, Ludmila (referee)
Wittgenstein's argument against private language is subjected to scru- tiny in this thesis. Three arguments against private language are found. Private language would be impossible to imagine, would not have a function and would lack any criteria of right or wrong use. Next, several reactions by later philosophers are discussed leading to a better understanding of Wittgenstein's argumentation. Soames's and Ayer's objections help to point out that thought experiments are admissible only when respecting our forms of life. They also empha- size the fact that Wittgenstein was not concerned with truth condi- tions but with assertibility conditions. Last, Kripke's interpretation of Wittgenstein is mentioned briefly.
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Impredicativity and paradox
Glivická, Jana ; Kolman, Vojtěch (advisor) ; Dostálová, Ludmila (referee)
In the submitted thesis a role is examined of the concept of impredicativity in solu- tion suggestions for epistemological and logical paradoxes. We focus on the develo- pment of this concept in the way Russell and Poincaré contributed to it in the first stage. An introduction is given to Russell's theory of types based on the exclusion of impredicative principles and definitions, problems are mentioned related with this theory. We continue by offering Ramsey's modification of the theory of types sup- posed to solve the given problems. Connection is examined between impredicativity and diagonal construction and attention is paid to determination of conditions under which diagonal constructions and impredicative definitions are vicious, i.e. leading to contradictions. For this purpose a distinction is offered between out-picking and potentially constructing principles. In the conclusion the axiomatic set theory is mentioned which neutralizes the distinction between predicative and impredicative principles, and whose acceptance lead to disinterest in impredicativity.
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The logical analysis and the logical form of the statements "A exists"
Dostálová, Ludmila ; Materna, Pavel (advisor) ; Zouhar, Marián (referee) ; Kolman, Vojtěch (referee)
The thesis investigates the logical form of the statements "so-and-so exists". Firstly, the historical survey was displayed in order to identify the meaning of this sort of statements. Hence starting conditions of the logical analysis were defined as well as the requirements that the background logic of the logical analysis must fulfill in order to be an adequate tool to express their logical form. Consequently, various logical forms of existential statements as they are expressed in different logic systems were compared in order to show to what extent they fulfull the demand. The evaluation criteria were: the equivalency of truth-conditions, fulfillment of intuitions, and the acceptability of the deductive results.
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