National Repository of Grey Literature 84 records found  1 - 10nextend  jump to record: Search took 0.00 seconds. 
Bioapatite as an archive of environmental contaminants
Křemečková, Pavla ; Doležalová Weissmannová, Helena (referee) ; Vašinová Galiová, Michaela (advisor)
Increasing environmental contamination has become one of the most globally addressed issues in recent years. Skeletal material, whose main mineral component bioapatite is able to accumulate and retain unwanted elements in its structure, can be used to thoroughly understand the impact of contaminants on different environmental components. In the framework of this bachelor thesis, the elemental distribution in the bones of bones of wildlife originating from both contaminated and non-contaminated areas was studied. Using the LA-ICP-MS method, it was possible to detect elements naturally occurring in the bones as well as selected contaminants that were present in higher contents in the bones of the animal from the contaminated area. Also, different techniques used for bone cleaning from soft tissues were tested and based on the results of the experiments performed, it was concluded that the techniques used had no effect on the elemental distribution in the analyzed bones of wild animals.
Evaluation of the presence of fine and ultrafine particles in the air in an industrial zone
Kysilka, Matěj ; Martincová, Jana Victoria (referee) ; Doležalová Weissmannová, Helena (advisor)
This bachelor thesis deals with the issue of the presence of the fine and ultrafine particles in an industrial zone. At the beginning of the theoretical part, dust particles and their division by size are described. Subsequently, sources of particles, methods of their measurement are mentioned and methods of analysis are described in more detail. Significant part of the research is devoted to health risks related to exposure to particles, the fundamental impact on the environment is also mentioned. The experimental part describes the measurement conditions that took place outdoor near an unnamed industrial zone. At the beginning of the experimental part, the used devices are presented. Subsequently, measured and graphically evaluated data on the concentration of particles in the air are presented. Particles collected on filter were used for analysis of selected metals. Analysis of selected metals was performed also on the samples of soil and plant material. The obtained metal concentration data were evaluated and commented.
Assessment of contamination in selected locations of Valašské Meziříčí
Dunajská, Sabina ; Pavlovský, Jiří (referee) ; Doležalová Weissmannová, Helena (advisor)
This thesis deals with soil contamination caused by heavy metals in the region of Valašské Meziříčí. The metals analysed were cadmium, chromium, copper, iron, mercury, manganese, nickel, lead, zinc. Metals were determined in 34 samples. The analyses were performed using AMA-254 and AAS methods. Contamination indices were used to assess the contaminated sites and health risks were also assessed.
Application of FTIR methods for the determination of microplastics in soils
Vishneuskaya, Ulyana ; Pavlovský, Jiří (referee) ; Doležalová Weissmannová, Helena (advisor)
This bachelor thesis deals with the application of methods of infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) and thermal analysis (py-GC/MS) for the determination of microplastics in soil. Part of the thesis is an analysis of the current state of knowledge in the field of occurrence of microplastics in the terrestrial environment, their transmission in the soil and potential risks. The experimental part includes the preparation of samples of a mixture of model soil and PET of different concentrations and their analysis using ATR-FTIR and further isolation of PET from the samples by density separation and analysis by the py-GC/MS method. Based on the correlation coefficients, which show the ratio between the measured and actual values, it was considered that ATR-FTIR is more suitable for qualitative and quantitative analysis of microplastics in soil, and therefore this method was used to evaluate real soil samples with PET.
Assessment of heavy metal content in agricultural soils of the Moravian-Silesian Region
Skurňová, Eliška Anna ; Doležalová Weissmannová, Helena (referee) ; Komendová, Renata (advisor)
The aim of this bachelor's thesis is evaluation of the concentration levels of selected heavy metals (arsenic, beryllium, cadmium, cobalt, chromium, copper, nickel, lead, vanadium, and zinc) in agriculture soils on 19 sampling points in Moravian-Silesian Region. The Central Institute for Supervising and Testing in Agriculture provided data for this thesis. The samples were collected as part of the Basal Soil Monitoring in sampling cycles 1995, 2001, 2007, 2013 and 2019. The contents of risk elements in soils were determined by the optic inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy after the Aqua regia decomposition in the National Reference Laboratory ÚKZÚZ. Villages Oldřišov, Markvartovice a Nové Sedlice in Opava district were the least contaminated. The most contaminated locality was Město Albrechtice in Bruntál district, here, the legislative preventive value for copper and lead content, and the indicative value for cadmium and zinc, were exceeded. The preventive values for chromium and nickel content were exceeded in the part of the city Žilina in Nový Jičín district. The highest concentration of zinc was found in Marklovice in Karviná district, where the legislative indicative values were exceeded multiple times. It was not possible to determine from the provided sample data if the concentration of heavy metals is increasing in generally long-term perspective.
Development of the simultaneous analysis methods on the HR-CS-ET-AAS device and their use in environmental analysis
Jurnečka, Roman ; Doležalová Weissmannová, Helena (referee) ; Komendová, Renata (advisor)
This thesis deals with the development of simultaneous determination methods using atomic absorption spectrometry with a continuous radiation source and high-resolution monochromator. The determination methods were developed especially with regard to the analysis of environmental matrices. Two methods of simultaneous determination were developed with the application of three types of environmental samples. The first of them was focused on the simultaneous determination of nickel and iron in tea leaves. This method was also applied to soil samples. The second method is the determination of manganese and iron in water. Here I also examined the influence of the modifier. Furthermore, the combination of wavelengths of the already established method of simultaneous determination of cadmium and iron in oat products was taken from the literature. As part of the thesis, this method was optimized to determine these specific elements in tea. The primary advantages of simultaneous analysis include the saving of chemicals, including argon, as well as less time-consuming operation. The developed methods can be put into practice. The output is a design of a laboratory task for the introduction of simultaneous analysis into teaching.
Influence of soil pretreatment on the determination of its properties using thermogravimetry
Ragačová, Lucia ; Doležalová Weissmannová, Helena (referee) ; Kučerík, Jiří (advisor)
This diploma thesis focuses on the influence of soil pretreatment on the determination of its properties by the method of thermogravimetry, which allows the soil sample to be analyzed as a whole. The aim is to clarify how soil preparation affects the results of TG soil analysis. Soil preparation can have a major impact on its quality and thus disrupt the interrelationships of soil components that have been formed as a result of long-term pedogenesis. In this thesis, therefore, the original soils were compared with the soils, which were grinded using a ball mill before the analysis, which represented a very intensive intervention in the soil structure and was therefore a mechanically disturbed soil. A modified method of deriving weight loss has been used to evaluate the issue. The data obtained were divided into 10°C thermal intervals, in-between which the loss of weight of the individual intervals were identified. The impact of soil milling on its determinability in relation to the total carbon and nitrogen content in the soil have been compared through the correlation of data obtained from elemental analysis and TG data. Subsequently, we focused on comparing the interrelationships of the equations of ground and unground soil samples, based on the theoretical equations of the issue. As a final look, we chose autocorrelation of TG data for the obtained ground and unground samples. The results of the examination have shown that even though grinding of samples represents a very intensive intervention into the soil structure and thus the soil is mechanically disturbed, such sample preparation has only a minimal effect on the determinability of soil properties.
Characterization of organic substances in biochar and their release in the soil ecosystem
Bočán, David ; Doležalová Weissmannová, Helena (referee) ; Mravcová, Ludmila (advisor)
The aim of this master’s thesis was to optimize the extraction of 38 PAH and 7 PCB compounds from samples of commercially available biochar and then apply the most suitable extraction method to real samples of biochar and soil. The concentrations of mentioned compounds were determined by using gas chromatography with mass spectrometry detection. Finally, from these concentrations in individual samples, a rate of release of these compounds from biochar to soil was determined. The theoretical part was focused on summarizing the process of biochar production and its properties. The next part deals with compounds that can be present in biochar, their physicochemical properties and effects on organisms and the environment. Also, a most common ways of extracting and determinating these compounds are mentioned. The final part focuses on soil and its characteristics and the changes it undergoes when biochar is applied to it. In the practical part an extensive optimization of extractions using a PSE extractor and thermal desorption extraction was conducted. After determining optimal conditions for both types of extraction methods, these methods were applied to real samples of biochar and soil. Qualitative analysis was carried out using GCxGC-TOF mass spectrometer and quantitative analysis by MRM method on GC-MS2 mass spectrometer.
Interactions between microplastics and heavy metals in the aquatic environment
Ottová, Michaela ; Pavlovský, Jiří (referee) ; Doležalová Weissmannová, Helena (advisor)
This diploma thesis deals with the adsorption of heavy metal ions on the microplastic. Specifically, lead, chromium, zinc, copper, mercury and polyethylene terephthalate was chosen as the plastic representative. Atomic absorption spectrometry (F-AAS, AMA) and FTIR with method ATR were used for the analysis. The aim of this work was to perform selected adsorption experiments, to determine the adsorption kinetics and the maximum amount adsorbed. Subsequently, the most suitable kinetic and isothermal model was determined for each element and the characteristic parameters were calculated.
Application of FTIR methods and the use of chemometry in the field of soil contamination by plastics and microplastics
Dvořáková, Alena ; Pavlovský, Jiří (referee) ; Doležalová Weissmannová, Helena (advisor)
This final thesis deals with application FTIR method and the use of chemometry in the field of the identification of microplastics in soil. A total of 3 FTIR techniques were used, DRIFT and ATR operating in the mid-infrared region and TANGO technique operating in the near-infrared region. Mixtures of model soil and PET of different concentrations were prepared for analysis. In addition, mixtures of real soil samples and PET of different concentrations were prepared. The obtained data were used for interpretation of the infrared spektra, construction of calibration and correlation dependencies of PET and evaluation of validation models using DRIFT, ATR and TANGO methods.

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1 Doležalová, Halina
33 Doležalová, Hana
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