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Covid-19 pandemic and environmental protection from s legal perspective
Homolková, Kateřina ; Damohorský, Milan (advisor) ; Falteisková, Sabina (referee)
Pandemie Covid - 19 a ochrana životního prostředí z právního pohledu Abstrakt Pandemie Covid - 19 zásadním způsobem ovlivnila téměř všechny aspekty života na Zemi, životní prostředí a jeho ochranu nevyjímaje. Cílem této práce je zjistit, jaký vliv měla, má a případně bude mít koronavirová pandemie na jednotlivé složky životní prostředí a jejich ochranu z právního pohledu. Vliv pandemie v oblasti práva životního prostředí můžeme pozorovat ve dvou rovinách. Tou první je její přímý, respektive materiální vliv na jednotlivé složky životního prostředí. Práce se zaměřila na vzduch, vodu a odpady, jakožto složky, jež byly pandemií ovlivněny nejvíce. Materiální vliv pandemie na životní prostředí a jeho složky znamená, že se v přímém důsledku pandemie zlepšila, či zhoršila jejich kvalita, případně kvantita. Druhá rovina vlivu pandemie na jednotlivé složky životního prostředí se projevila nepřímo, a to reakcí práva na změny ve složkách životního prostředí způsobené pandemií Covid-19. V této rovině bylo možné pozorovat, jak pružně, rychle a efektivně zvládlo, nebo nezvládlo právo reagovat na aktuální události. Práce je rozdělena do sedmi kapitol, z nichž nejpodrobnější je druhá z nich, která analyzuje přímý a nepřímý vliv pandemie Covid - 19 na některé vybrané složky životního prostředí. Dále se práce věnuje vlivu...
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Zoological and botanical gardens within their legal framework
Mouchová, Pavlína ; Damohorský, Milan (advisor) ; Derlich, Stanislav (referee)
Zoological and botanical gardens within their legal framework Zoological and botanical gardens date back to antiquity. Their long evolution has seen the relative importance of their functions change. Nowadays, zoological and botanical gardens fulfil a number of significant roles, with their contribution to endangered species protection and biodiversity conversation gradually having gained prominence. With the natural habitats of wild flora and fauna disappearing, it is zoological and botanical gardens that provide pro- tection by means of ex situ conversation, i.e., outside the natural habitat of these organisms. In the Czech Republic, zoos operate within a legal framework that consists primarily of Act No. 162/2003 Coll. on zoo regulation and amended acts, which implements the Coun- cil Directive 1999/22/EC of 29 March 1999 relating to the keeping of wild animals in zoos. The Act has introduced a licensing requirement for zoological gardens. It stipulates that zoos shall only be operated by a holder of a valid license granted in accordance with this Act by the Czech Ministry of the Environment. These days, there is a total of twenty-eight zoological gardens with a valid license. Unlike zoos, botanical gardens in the Czech Republic are, unfortunately, not regulated by a specific law. They operate...
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Microplastics and plastics from a legal perspective
Novák, Adam ; Damohorský, Milan (advisor) ; Fiala, Zdeněk (referee) ; Průchová, Ivana (referee)
Microplastics and plastics from a legal perspective Abstract The dissertation deals with the management of microplastics from a legal point of view, following the ever-increasing pollution of the environment by plastics. The issue of microplastics has not yet been dealt with at this level in the Czech environment. The dissertation is not aiming only at the management of primary microplastics, which is most often dealt with by existing legislation at the level of individual states, but also at the management of secondary microplastics, which have been so far legally dealt with only by indirect regulation (through limiting plastic waste as a source of this type microplastics). The aim of the work is primarily to create an overview of the existing legislation of the management of microplastics at the international and European level (including individual legislation of the EU member states). Based on this overview is made an analysis of this legislation and are formulated proposals and recommendations for improving the management of microplastics, especially to limit their release into the environment. The dissertation is divided into nine chapters: The first chapter is the introduction, in which the grasp of the topic, research questions and the structure of the work, including the methods used, are...
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Global change in climate from a legal point of view
Rydlová, Miroslava ; Damohorský, Milan (advisor) ; Franková, Martina (referee)
Legal view on global climate change It is no exaggeration to say that climate change is one of the most critical issues of the present. It threatens not only the environment but also economic and social stability - global as well as local. Higher temperatures, rising sea levels, more frequent storms, floods, droughts and heat waves are already visible today. The basic principle of so called global warming consists in the fact that greenhouse gases release solar radiation to the ground, while they absorb and emit heat radiated by the Earth, consequently warming up both the lower layer of the atmosphere and the Earth's surface. The significance of the greenhouse gases production from human activities (esp. energy production, industry, transport and agriculture) is subject to ongoing dispute, because there is also the natural greenhouse effect that occurs naturally on Earth. However, current scientific knowledge has proven that human activity does have an impact on the Earth's climate. Given that greenhouse gasses are emitted regardless of the state lines and that the adverse effects of climate change are also global, it's obvious that international cooperation is necessity. In 1992 at the Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) was founded. The...
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Legal regulation of the renewable energy resources and their use
Makovec, Václav ; Damohorský, Milan (advisor) ; Humlíčková, Petra (referee)
Title: Legislation of renewable energy sources and their use Abstract The presented thesis deals with issues of legal regulation of renewable energy sources with target on legal regulation of system of support in the Czech Republic. The thesis contains the overview of documents and instruments from international enviroment. As a result of the Czech Republic membership in the European Union the thesis presents instruments of union legislation which due to integration of EU member states legislation and due to marking out obligatory goals aims to opened unified and liberal energy market. The thesis describes historical development of this phenomenon from partial legislation to complex and sophisticated legislation and artificially formed systems of support including and puts them into context with social economic aspects of pursued period of time. Due to comparative method the thesis brings not only comparation of legislation in the course of time in Czech and European background but also evaluate them and try to estimate progress and find possible solution. One of the thesis targets is to provide the comprehensive view on legislation of renewable energy sources from businessmen points of view and put this relationship into context with institute of environment protection.
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Legal regulation of special territorial conservation of nature in the Czech Republic and in the State of Israel
Šichmanová, Kateřina ; Stejskal, Vojtěch (advisor) ; Damohorský, Milan (referee)
This diploma thesis deals with the analysis and comparison of the legal regulation of special territorial nature protection in the Czech Republic and the State of Israel. The main aim of the diploma thesis is to provide an overview of the legal regimes pertaining to special territorial nature protection in the compared countries and to confront different legal institutes and thus draw attention to some problematic aspects of the present law. The thesis is divided into 5 chapters. The first chapter provides an introduction and is followed by the second chapter, which deals with the legal regulation of the special territorial nature protection in the Czech Republic and it is divided into five parts. The first part of the second chapter briefly introduces the historical development of establishing specially protected areas and also describes former legal regimes of the special territorial nature protection. Since national and international legal regulation in this field are closely connected, the thesis emphasises the most important international treaties in the sphere of special territorial nature conservation, including the legal framework of the European Union. The third part is concerned with classifications of the specially protected areas in the Czech Republic and the process of their...
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Right to the favourable environment in Czech law and the law of British Columbia
Čechtická, Alena ; Damohorský, Milan (advisor) ; Sobotka, Michal (referee)
- 76 - SUMMARY RIGHT TO A HEALTHY ENVIRONMENT IN CZECH LAW AND IN THE LAW OF BRITISH COLUMBIA Master's degree dissertation compares right to a healthy environment in the Czech Republic and in British Columbia, a Canadian province, and makes this comparison upon a variety of standpoints. The work also broaches the environmental regulation in both these mentioned countries in general, as the regulation gives us the context in which the right in question is applied and enforced. The first part of the work is an introductory part that leads us into the area. The first part of work compares definition of fundamental terms related to the focus of this work between legal systems of the Czech Republic and British Columbia. The comparison shows the term "environment" is defined in both these countries quite similarly, but the term "healthy environment" is in none of these countries defined positively, but rather negatively, by enacting values and conditions under which environment can be declared unhealthy. The following part describes the development of legal regulation of environment and in that scope also the right to a healthy environment. The chapter shows that British Columbia, in its hundred years of modern history of legal protection of environment, developed into a phase where environmental law is basically...
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Movement and hazardous wastes management from the perspective of international law
Diblíková, Anna ; Damohorský, Milan (advisor) ; Sobotka, Michal (referee)
89 Summary Movement and hazardous wastes management from the prespective of International law. The purpose of this thesis is to examine the movement and hazardous wastes management or more precisely the international and European law that regulates it. The movement, particularly the transboundary movement, and the management belong to high risky activities considering the protection of human life and the environment. Hand in hand with the management of radioactive waste and chemical substances, they fall under the subject matter of International Environmental Law (IEL). Most of the sources of IEL are not binding "soft law" due to the delicacy of the subject matter on which is hard to get a global consent. In the centre of the attention is the Basel Convention on the Control of Transboundary movements of Hazardous Wastes and their Disposal. Unfortunately it can not be described as a global convention, because the contracting parties are virtually only states of the Euro-American region. On the other side stands the Bamako Convention which was prepared by the Organization of African Unity and which placed the total ban on imports of hazardous wastes to the African continent. International law is to be considered just one layer of the analysed legislation. Second one is the European law. Europe Union regulates...
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Legal aspects of brown coal exploitation limits
Beňasová, Kateřina ; Sobotka, Michal (advisor) ; Damohorský, Milan (referee)
The thesis aims to provide an analysis of the legal limits imposed on brown coal exploitation in the Czech Republic, including an assessment of how these limits enter into particular stages of coal mining. The first chapter summarizes the applicable mining law legislation. The second chapter deals with restrictions set out by protection of the environment rules. Furthermore, the following chapter focuses on specific topic of so called ecological limits of exploitation. The fourth chapter points out the limits laid by the right of ownership. Finally, the thesis comprises a summary of contained conclusions.
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