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Immunization strategies in developing countries and its effects
Melichová, Daniela ; Dáňová, Jana (advisor)
Maintaining good health is important for all of us. A primary health service is important, perhaps the most basic and cost effective is childhood immunization. Immunization against diseases such as polio, tetanus, diphtheria and pertussis saves the lives of approximately three million people each year. Immunization also prevents many more millions from suffering debilitating illness and lifelong disability. Lifesaving vaccines is one of the greatest public health achievements of all time. A hundred years ago, infectious diseases were the worlds leading cause of death. Epidemics of smallpox and diphtheria would take the lives of millions of people. Over the last 50 years, medical science has developed vaccines to reduce the spread of many killer diseases. But other infectious diseases for which we still lack effective vaccines, such as HIV/ AIDS, Malaria and tuberculosis, continue to cause illness, disability and death. Scientists are working hard to develop vaccines to protect people from these diseases as well. In this article the focus will be on immunization in developing countries and difficulties in the management, its effects and the perspective of the future. Comparing the vaccination in developing countries with the one in Norway for informational purposes and understanding of the differences in...
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Malaria: the global challenge
Nicholson, Ashley ; Dáňová, Jana (advisor)
More than half the world's population is at risk from malaria, with up to 500 million cases each year and more than one million deaths directly resulting from the disease. Those at highest risk from the disease are people living in endemic areas, travelers to endemic areas, small children and pregnant women. Malaria is a constant risk to the overall health of the global population. Treatment of malaria depends on the species of infecting parasite, the area where the infection was acquired and its drug resistance status, the clinical status of the patient, any co-morbidities, pregnancy, drug allergies or other medications taken by the patient. Proper treatment of malaria will shorten its duration, prevent complications and help to avoid the majority of deaths. Currently the best available treatment is a combination of drugs known as artemisinin-based combination therapies (ACTs). This therapy works rapidly and has little or no resistance to date. In order to protect against the development we must combine drugs with different mechanisms of action against the same stages of the parasite. Malaria prevention includes vector control, chemoprophylaxis use and the future possibility of vaccine use. Vector control is achieved with the use of insecticide treated mosquito nets and indoor residual spraying of...
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Human papillomavirus infection and primary prevention
Al-Talib, Tamara Nadhim ; Dáňová, Jana (advisor)
I chose the theme of my diploma thesis, HPV infections and primary prevention based on its evolving investigations and the importance of its prevention in hopefully reducing the burden of its clinical outcomes including cervical cancer. This review will summarized HPV infections and their role in carcinogenesis as well as the several preventive methods available in the hopes of reducing its incidence.
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Infectious agents causing-cancers
Olos, Tomáš ; Dáňová, Jana (advisor)
Cancer is one of the most serious problems of clinical medicine. At present, the cause of death of every fifth citizen of the CR and the incidence is rising. This civilization disease affects an extra lower age range. Compared to the past, this is mainly due to the fundamentally different composition of food that contains a preponderance of sugars and fats, but also stress and contamination of environmental substances with carcinogenic effect. Unsuitable diet and carcinogens present in the water, air and food cause the forming jednolivých higher number of tumor cells than the natural organism. The immune system may be weakened by stress and pollutants, it is not able to adequately respond to this situation. For the greatest amount of recovered material, I have most dealt with the issue of hepatocellular carcinoma and its relationship to hepatitis B an Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Zoonoses - epidemiologic characteristics in the Czech Republic
Fárová, Magdalena ; Dáňová, Jana (advisor)
The theme of my thesis with natural infections ohniskovostí - epidemiological features in CR I chose because these infections are an urgent problem that may affect the majority of the population of the CR. Natural is a natural focal point with a certain proportion of the wholeflora and fauna, that allow life and permanent presence of the agent, and the animalreservoir vectors [1]. Infections with natural ohniskovostí are infections that occur incertain locations characterized by: -rezervoárovými animals (small rodents) -vector (carrier) that prey on livestock and reservoir transmits the disease to other host -flora and fauna (biota), forming a natural environment for reservoires animals, vectors and intermediate hosts - And that the disease is maintained without the presence of man.This is a link random, mostly blind (final), but some types of infection may be one secondary source of infection and the rise of urban forms of the disease with natural ohniskovostí (yellow fever, dengue, plague).
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