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Interakce v rhizosféře erikoidně mykorhizních rostlin
Vohník, Martin ; Vosátka, Miroslav (advisor) ; Cudlín, Pavel (referee) ; Kavková, Miloslava (referee)
This doctonl dissertation focuses on selected intemctions, which take place in the rhizosphere of ericoid myconhial (ErM) plmts' These include (i) interactions betwren ErM fungi and dark scptate endophýic (DsE) fungi; (ii) intenctions among ericaceous plmts md ErM and EcM fungi, and fungi with yet unresolved myconhial status; (iii) int€nctions among ErM and DSE fungi md soil testate ammbae' Main findings achieved in the frame ofthe doctoral dissertation are: Ericoid mycorrhlza rnd DsE-association simultaneously occur in roots of 8ll screened European Rhotlotkrulron species across the continent. However, their proportlons differ depending mainly on htitude. DsE.coloniation is negrtiv€|y corr€lsted with ErM colonization in roots of rl| screned rbododendrons. DsE fungi form intmcellu|ar structuÍes, which moÍphologicr||y resemble ericoid mycorrhizs. Colonization witb selected DSE stmins has neutral to negative influence on the groMh of ericaceous plants in vitro, whereas th€ eff€ct of the t}?ica| ErM fungus Rhizoscyphus ericae is neutml to positive. Effects of both types of fungi on the grosth of host plrnts are correlated with the |eve| of ErM rnd DsE co|onization. ErM fungi crn r|teÍ the negrtive effect of DSE fungi when presnt in the same root system in vitro. ErM frlngus Oidiodendron n aius...
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Assessment of climate change impacts on selected ecosystem services in the Czech Republic: application of land use scenarios
Lorencová, Eliška ; Vačkářová, Davina Elena (advisor) ; Müller, Karel (referee) ; Cudlín, Pavel (referee)
Doctoral thesis abstract Assessment of climate change impacts on selected ecosystem services in the Czech Republic: Application of land use scenarios MSc Eliška Lorencová Climate and land use change are recognized as the greatest global environmental problems. Both considerably impact delivery of crucial ecosystem services, such as carbon sequestration, water flow regulation, erosion control, and food and fibre production. By combining future projections of ALARM scenarios (for years 2020, 2050 and 2080) with modelling of ecosystem services, the study aims to evaluate climate change impact on selected ecosystem services (carbon storage and sequestration, erosion control and sediment retention) in the Czech Republic. This study provides quantitative as well as spatially explicit analysis of the impacts on selected ecosystem services in the Czech Republic. Performed ecosystem service assessment indicates that spatial distribution of provision of ecosystem services, such as carbon storage and sequestration, sediment retention reflects the projected future land use changes. In case of carbon sequestration, SEDG scenario shows the lowest carbon sequestration rates accounting for 37,029.6 Gg C within the period 2000-2080. Stable vegetation cover is one of the factors that play important role in amount of sediment...
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Development of a layer of selected ecosystem service provision in the area of interest of the cities of Liberec and Děčín.
Cudlín, Pavel ; Pechanec, V. ; Purkyt, Jan ; Štěrbová, Lenka ; Cudlín, Ondřej ; Včeláková, Renata
Most ecosystem services assessment tools attempt to quantify services on a landscape scale using simplified biophysical models or ecological functions. The most commonly used ecosystem classifications are land use / land cover or habitat, which can be combined with other information such as soil type or vegetation biomass. The aim of the study was to quantify selected ecosystem functions in the cities of Liberec and Děčín. For the evaluation of habitat biodiversity in 2003, a complete list of habitat types was prepared for the Czech Republic, which includes habitats processed in preparation of data for the creation of a national design of Natura 2000 sites of European importance (Habitat Catalog of the Czech Republic 2001 and 2010) and detailed description of more antropgenic influenced habitat (Sejak et al., 2003, Sejak et al., 2017). For 21 functional groups of habitat types, their production function, including oxygen production and the ability to minimize temperature fluctuations (to reduce the amount of radiated heat) was estimated to provide support and regulatory services to ecosystems (Seják et al. 2010). According to the assignment of the study, Elaboration of the layer of provision of selected ecosystem functions and services in the area of interest of the cities of Liberec and Děčín, biodiversity values determined according to BVM method, annual biomass, oxygen and evapotranspiration production for the entire cadastral territory of Liberec Kunratická and dam Harcov and for the cadastral area of Děčín.
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Measured and modelled fluxes of tropospheric ozone in mountainous Norway spruce forest
Juráň, Stanislav ; Zapletal, Miloš ; Večeřa, Zbyněk ; Cudlín, Pavel ; Urban, Otmar
Tropospheric ozone fluxes (O3) were measured in Norway spruce forest at Bily Kriz, Czech Republic by eddy covariance technique. Within-canopy concentration gradient was measured by APOA-370 analysers (Horiba, Japan) in 7m, 25m and 30m above ground. Fluxes of O3 were modelled from the concentration gradient by applying Inverse Lagrangian Transport Model (Raupach, 1989). Next, O3 fluxes were modelled on the basis of resistent analogy. Ozone flux measured by eddy covariance technique amounted up to 1.19 nmol m-2 s-1 on daily average and the lowest -0.75 nmol m-2 s-1. Studied forest stand was net sink for ozone in 7.14 mmol m-2 per day (=0.343 g m-2 per day). The highest ozone emission peaked during noon hours, suggesting closure of stomata due to low air temperature and ozone production due to sufficient radiation. Both models proved to be imprecise when compared to measured data in autumn-winter transition period.
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Interakce v rhizosféře erikoidně mykorhizních rostlin
Vohník, Martin ; Vosátka, Miroslav (advisor) ; Cudlín, Pavel (referee) ; Kavková, Miloslava (referee)
This doctonl dissertation focuses on selected intemctions, which take place in the rhizosphere of ericoid myconhial (ErM) plmts' These include (i) interactions betwren ErM fungi and dark scptate endophýic (DsE) fungi; (ii) intenctions among ericaceous plmts md ErM and EcM fungi, and fungi with yet unresolved myconhial status; (iii) int€nctions among ErM and DSE fungi md soil testate ammbae' Main findings achieved in the frame ofthe doctoral dissertation are: Ericoid mycorrhlza rnd DsE-association simultaneously occur in roots of 8ll screened European Rhotlotkrulron species across the continent. However, their proportlons differ depending mainly on htitude. DsE.coloniation is negrtiv€|y corr€lsted with ErM colonization in roots of rl| screned rbododendrons. DsE fungi form intmcellu|ar structuÍes, which moÍphologicr||y resemble ericoid mycorrhizs. Colonization witb selected DSE stmins has neutral to negative influence on the groMh of ericaceous plants in vitro, whereas th€ eff€ct of the t}?ica| ErM fungus Rhizoscyphus ericae is neutml to positive. Effects of both types of fungi on the grosth of host plrnts are correlated with the |eve| of ErM rnd DsE co|onization. ErM fungi crn r|teÍ the negrtive effect of DSE fungi when presnt in the same root system in vitro. ErM frlngus Oidiodendron n aius...
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Current possibilities for quantification and modeling of recreation services
Pechanec, V. ; Cudlín, Pavel ; Machar, I. ; Kilianová, H.
Ecosystems provide settings for a hugely diverse array of recreational activities. Recreational values are among the most well-recognized of all ecosystem services by the public, and human preferences for recreation have been well-studied by economists and other social scientists. From a spatial perspective, we can map sources of recreational value, sinks of recreational value, users of a particular recreation area for a given activity, and the spatial flow that connects users to specific recreational areas. The text presents two key approaches of modelling tools InVEST and ARIES. Methodological approaches are compared with each other and the requirements for data confronted with national data sources.
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Sustainable use of natural resources in the Krkonoše Mountains National Park under climate change
Jakubínský, Jiří ; Cudlín, Ondřej ; Plch, Radek ; Purkyt, Jan ; Hellerová, S. ; Cudlín, Pavel
The ongoing climate change and anthropogenic activities in the landscape can significantly influence the environmental values of the Krkonoše Mts. landscape and the resulting benefits for the humans. The paper presents selected partial results of the project, focused on the study of processes mentioned and mutual relations on the territory of the Krkonoše Mountains National Park. In particular, current problems and their causes were analysed in several key sectors related to the use of natural resources in the territory of the National Park – specifically agriculture, forestry, water resources, settlement structure and tourism. The topic is addressed using the DPSIR methodological framework whose individual components (socio-economic causes, pressures, state, profits and human responses) are quantified using a set of data available between 1991 and 2015. The development of the monitored indicators is expressed using an index of change, comparing the state at the beginning and the end of the given period. Based on the assessment of the development of individual DPSIR components, then it is possible to describe the trajectory of changes in the sub-sectors and to propose appropriate adaptation measures. The overall situation in water resources utilization can be described as rather positive, with a slightly improving trend. However, from the long-term point of view it will be necessary to realize measures to increasing water retention capacity of the landscape and maintain water consumption of big consumers, especially water for snowmaking of ski slopes.\n\n
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Prediction of changes in landscape and biodiversity development as important factors in maintaining the current state of forest ecosystems
Cudlín, Ondřej ; Pechanec, V. ; Purkyt, Jan ; Štěrbová, Lenka ; Holá, Š. ; Cienciala, E. ; Cudlín, Pavel
We used a combination of several analytical tools to analyse change and predict the land use, carbon storage and biodiversity assessment in the cultural landscape. First, the GIS layer, consisted of Habitat mapping (NCA CR 2014) for 138 natural and close to nature habitats and Corine LC for 54 more anthropically influenced habitats, was created. The Land Change Modeler (scenario type - business as usual, pixel resolution 500 m) was used to predict the development of land cover on the basis of data comparison in several historical periods (Corine LC from 1990, 2000, 2006, 2012). We also did prediction of carbon storage under climate change in model InVEST 3.0 – carbon. Changes in carbon storage were calculated from four carbon pools: above-ground biomass, below-ground biomass, necromass and soil organic carbon. To assess and predict the changes in biodiversity in the \nforest-agriculture landscape we used the model GLOBIO 3, which works with five basic driving forces for biodiversity loss: land use, infrastructure, fragmentation of territory, atmospheric nitrogen deposition and climate change. Last used model Marxan enables us to select up to now unprotected areas with a high degree of biodiversity and naturalness of habitats for environmentally friendly agriculture and forestry management.\n
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