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Regional Determinants of Housing Affordability in the Czech Republic
Smolár, Peter ; Hejlová, Hana (advisor) ; Chytilová, Julie (referee)
The main motivation behind this study lays in identification of regional determinants in the Czech Republic. Because of lower manifested heterogeneity of apartment in comparison with houses, housing affordability was measured by a ratio of average buying price of an apartment over average annual disposable income per capita. Regional housing affordability was judged en bloc and was not measured in an attempt to identify subpopulations threatened by high housing costs. The object of interest was the impact of individual dependent variables on the price-to-income ratio. For the purpose of this study, only factors affecting at the same time housing prices and housing income, either directly or indirectly through correlation, are taken into consideration. The estimation of our model suggests that economically and statistically significant are the variables for the relative number of divorces, births or the proportion of urban population. All of the effects, disregarding only one variable, went in the same direction as they were expected to go. Also, it was possible to provide an answer to the question whether inclusion of composite determinants, such as natural population growth, may affect the interpretation of the results. In accordance with empirical studies on regional housing prices determinants, the study...
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Vliv struktury sourozenců na dětskou práci a školní docházku
Korbel, Václav ; Chytilová, Julie (advisor) ; Janotík, Tomáš (referee)
In scholarly literature the impact of sibling structure is commonly examined in connection with child health and school attendance. The aim of my bach- elor thesis is to determine what influence has the particular sibling structure on child labor, which is not studied so often, and the school attendance re- lated to the subject. The first part dwells on models of resource allocation within household and description of basic mechanisms regarding the method in which the structure of siblings influences resource allocation within house- hold. Main emphasis is laid on theoretical model with household production. Hypothesis about effect of sibling structure is then empirically tested using data from two African countries - Sierra Leone and Niger. Based on this analysis, it is possible to conclude that particular structure of siblings do not have fundamental influence on recourse allocation within household. Last but not least, reasons of differences between chosen countries are discussed in the conclusion.
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AIDS and polygamy in Sub-Saharan Africa
Pokorný, Jiří ; Chytilová, Julie (advisor) ; Verchuša, Kateřina (referee)
The objective of this work is to contribute to understanding the relationship between AIDS, polygamy and the economic performance of a country or of an individual by analyzing and discussing some particular questions, and by adding some new ideas to existing theories. The first part is theoretical, largely devoted to AIDS and it's influence on the economy. The second part is a microeconomic statistical analysis, which tries to find what are the characteristics of polygamous men and women, and what is the relationship between polygamy and AIDS. It shows that polygamous households are relatively more wealthy and that the men's motivation to have more wives is probably wanting to have lots of children. Then it was found that polygamy brings higher risk of being infected by AIDS, because of polygamous husbands being more often unfaithful. The conclusion is that families having the best outlook are probably those with a polygamous and faithful husband. Such families will be wealthy and will have many children.
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Relationship of demographic and economic development in Subsahar countries
Havlínová, Jana ; Cahlík, Tomáš (advisor) ; Chytilová, Julie (referee)
This paper deals with the impact of the population growth on the economic performance in the Sub- Saharan countries. This region hasn`t undergone demographic transition and faces high population growth, which is caused by high fertility and relatively low life expectancy. Economic growth is not sufficient enough to deal with this pressure and many countries end up in population traps. The first part of this paper describes the evolution of the population debate since Malthus till the most recent findings and sumarizes key demographic and economics links. Second part analyses demographic development of the region with emphasis on the fertility and mortality. The third part is focused on selected domograpic and economics links. The last part examines economic development of the region on the basis of economic and demographic model and the problem of high population growth is viewed from the broader perspective of development policies. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Finance and Growth Nexus: CEE & Central Asia and Beyond
Enkhbold, Buuruljin ; Horváth, Roman (advisor) ; Chytilová, Julie (referee) ; Korosteleva, Julia (referee)
Buuruljin Enkhbold Finance and Growth Nexus: CEE & Central Asia and Beyond Abstract (English) This thesis investigates the effect of financial development on economic growth using both global sample and regional samples focusing on Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) and Central Asia during the time period 1960-2013. The results of fixed effect panel and system GMM estimators suggest that the effect of private credit on growth had been neutral until 2007 and the effect turns negative if the time period is up to 2013. The negative effect of private credit on growth has been the largest for CEE and Central Asia, particularly for non-EU countries in the region. Stock market capitalisation and lending deposit spread have consistent effects regardless of the choice of time frame which implies that economies benefit from larger stock markets and lower lending deposit spread. Keywords: financial development, credit, stock market, spread, growth, CEE and Central Asia, generalized method of moments (GMM)
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Irrationality in the perception of money
Juhásová, Zuzana ; Chytilová, Julie (advisor) ; Želinský, Tomáš (referee)
Irrationality is a phenomenon that can be seen in every aspect of human life. In many cases people do not behave rationally in terms of economic theory and they often do not even realise it. This thesis aims at problem of irrationality in the perception of money and describes anomalies in rational decision-making. First, it introduces the topics that behavioural economics is concerned with and its place among other sciences. It brings the overview of history of behavioural economics and the most influential people that are responsible for its evolution. Next, it briefly summarizes the most common research methods used. After that, the concept of rationality is described, both from classical economics and behavioural points of view. The core of the thesis is the experiment that is an example of irrationality in the perception of money. Studies that examined this problem are presented. Finally, a conducted survey is presented, which detects the presence of irrational behaviour.
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Overview of Foreign Aid in the Balkan Countries: Selected problems
Mullaj, Genta ; Baxa, Jaromír (advisor) ; Chytilová, Julie (referee)
This study attempts to ascertain the role of the World Bank and its problematical issues in Balkan countries. The foreign aid holds a key impact in these economies, but on the other hand it embraces a controversial aspect. The contradictory role of the World Bank lies in aid ineffectiveness at reducing poverty and sustaining economic growth. The foreign aid inflows did not manage to fulfill its objectives efficiently, since they created income inequalities in the region favoring distinctive economies. Corruption and bad-governmental management would expand the controversially further. Additionally, the study analyzes the impact of aid on economic growth empirically using a panel data set comprising of five Balkan economies during 2000-2010 period. We find negative and significant evidence of aid impact on growth. Moreover, the relation between governance and growth resulted positive. Results display a clear framework of aid ineffectively across the region. The Balkan countries should therefore focus on a better effective management of the World Bank aid to reduce poverty, income inequality and to achieve the economic growth.
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Children and cheating: A field experiment with individuals and teams
Korbel, Václav ; Chytilová, Julie (advisor) ; Mlčoch, Lubomír (referee)
This thesis presents a field experiment drawing interferences on the lying be- havioural patterns among grammar school students. Students were filling in non-related questionnaire for which they were rewarded. They rolled a dice and for a corresponding number on a dice they obtained a certain number of sweets. Students were not controlled therefore they could choose what num- ber to report. The experiment included one treatment for individuals and two treatments for groups. The analysis shows that a certain fraction of students cheated but they often did not exploit the possibility of cheating maximally. Older students cheated more in comparison with younger students and younger students deceived more in groups. Last but not least, dishonesty in groups may also hinge on the family background, namely on the number of siblings. The model of self-concept maintenance explains the cheating patterns observed in our experiment best among all discussed models. 1
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Evaluating the Effectiveness of Interventions to Promote the Education of Girls in Rural Cambodia
Hrabik, Brittney ; Cingl, Lubomír (advisor) ; Chytilová, Julie (referee)
0 Abstract The use of educational interventions to increase female educational attainment in developing countries has the potential to both provide women with more advantageous economic opportunities and contribute to economic growth. Achieving gender equality in education is an important first step towards achieving gender equality in the labor market. This thesis examines educational intervention programs that promote female education in rural Cambodia, and focuses in particular on conditional cash transfers. One such conditional cash transfer program in Cambodia is examined in more detail to determine its effectiveness. A qualitative evaluation was conducted in the form of focus groups and interviews with students, parents, and community members in the villages where the program was implemented. While the results of the study confirm the effectiveness of conditional cash transfers in increasing female attendance in school, the evaluation also revealed other factors that influence girls to stay in school. The study concluded that increasing the number of university-educated females in a girl's life through a mentoring program could have a positive effect on female educational attainment. Though further quantitative study is needed to investigate the effectiveness of such an intervention, this approach...
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Fertility and education: the case of Ghana
Timbilla, Rahinatu ; Pertold-Gebicka, Barbara (advisor) ; Chytilová, Julie (referee)
The study attempts to find the relationship between education and fertility in Ghana, as Ghana wants to reduce its fertility rates from 4.0 to 3.0 replacement levels which will help to move the country into middle income status. A country that has a stable population growth is able to plan and allocate resources to its populace more effectively. High fertility rates have consequences for food security, social & economic opportunities and overall economic wellbeing of the population. The study sets outs to investigate the linkages or factors that help in reducing fertility rates, education is one major factor that has been found be to be inversely related to fertility. Does this relationship exist in Ghana? Has education in any way contributed to the recent fertility declines in Ghana? And by how much did education contribute. Finally, are there other factors that have contributed to the recent fertility decline in Ghana? To answer the questions, the study takes advantage of an educational reform program in 1987/88 that saw mass construction of schools, training of teachers and provision of study materials to estimate the impact of education on fertility. Using difference-in-difference approach and 2SLS, the study finds that the National Education Reform program lead to reductions in early births...
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