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Dopad finančních prostředků EU na konvergenci příjmů: případ zemí střední Evropy
Kim, Joo Hyun ; Slaný, Martin (advisor) ; Chytilová, Helena (referee)
The aim of the paper is to examine the convergence hypothesis as well as whether EU funds positively influence income convergence. Four countries of Central European countries are chosen: Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, and Slovakia, to be compared to EU15 over the period of 1993 to 2015. The original hypothesis states that Poland should show the fastest speed of income convergence; Czech Republic should exhibit the lowest speed according to the convergence hypothesis. Moreover, it is assumed that EU funds have positive influences on income convergence. In order to test the hypothesis, beta convergence and sigma convergence are utilized by running regression models in STATA. The convergence hypothesis is correctly confirmed with the data from the regression models. Furthermore, it is proved that the EU funds brought positive impacts on income convergence based on changes in the income gap in the period of 1993 to 2015. So, EU funds have contributed to the process of income convergence between the four countries towards EU15.
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From Apartheid to Democracy: A Case Study of Education in South Africa
Ammu, Naga Sailaja ; Frömmel, Tomáš (advisor) ; Chytilová, Helena (referee)
This thesis examines the role of education age gender years of education area of living and race in the income earned by citizens of South Africa. The aim of this is to analyse how the income earned is different for the various races present in South Africa. The methods used to analyse these phenomenons are by using STATA and running a linear regression model to prove the hypothesis: that black Africans earn much less than the white race due to the level of education and the past history which has always treated the blacks as inferiors. By regressing models it was discovered that the blacks earn much less than the other races that are in South Africa and especially the females. The information presented in this paper can be useful to future researchers NGOs in South Africa or the ones helping to make things better in that nation.
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Investor jako Homo Oeconomicus nebo Human; Jaké jsou zdroje odchylek od racionality na finančních trzích?
Vacha, Robert ; Chytilová, Helena (advisor) ; Prokop, Jaromír (referee)
The thesis deals with the differences among phenomena of Homo Oeconomicus and Human and their presence in the financial markets. Furthermore, it aims at revealing differences of behavior in alignment with the phenomena among groups of people involved and not involved in the financial markets. To do so we use an experiment with its assessment based on the Anchoring Index. For the purpose of the research of behavior in alignment with the Prospect theory, the thesis defines new index of assessment of human behavior the Human Index upon which it draws conclusions about the two groups. The results show no significant difference in propensity to bias and marginal difference in behavior in alignment with the prospect theory where the group involved in the financial markets reveals less Human behavior. Altogether, the findings are no remarkable difference in behavior among the two groups, i.e. both the group of people involved in the financial markets as well as those not involved are Human at very similar levels.
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Alternative measures of GDP
Alizada, Tamerlan ; Chytilová, Helena (advisor) ; Slaný, Martin (referee)
The findings of the research reveal that GDP has a number of important flaws and shortcomings, and thus fails to serve effectively for the purpose of measuring the economic growth of countries and welfare of their population as of today. Based on the evaluation of the advantages and drawbacks of macroeconomic measures alternative to GDP such as the United Nations Human Development Index, the Social Progress Index, the Environmental Performance Index, the Happy Planet Index, the Legatum Prosperity Index, the OECD Better Life Index, the World Happiness Index, etc., the author comes to a conclusion that despite the growing use of alternative measures, as of today, they are not able to replace GDP, but might complement it quite effectively.
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Argumenty Bubliny Vyššího Vzdělání v USA
Kasanová, Barbora ; Chytilová, Helena (advisor) ; Prokop, Jaromír (referee)
Unsustainable business practices coupled with an illusion of the masses plagues the higher education model in the United States today. It used to hold that college was the key to a successful job for fresh graduates. . . . We are in the midst of a speculative bubble composed of inflated expectations about the university system. This paper aims to analyze that there is indeed a speculative bubble of the US Higher Education system. The increased demand for college, skyrocketing tuition and room & board fees, as well as easier access to loans for funding have contributed to the formation of this bubble.
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When Austerity Didn’t Work: A Case Study of Greece
Stamatiadis, Andreas ; Chytilová, Helena (advisor) ; Prokop, Jaromír (referee)
The aim of this thesis is to evaluate the austerity measures implemented by Greece during the Eurozone sovereign debt crisis. After providing information on the structural deficiencies of the Greek economy and how they created the crisis and affect economic growth, this thesis provides academic literature and empirical research on the austerity effects on the Greek economy and the Greek people. Furthermore, it criticizes austerity and the fallacies of the IMF, while also debating the Keynesian and supply-side approaches. The results show that albeit remarkable achievements in fiscal consolidation, austerity caused an ongoing recession, while failing to tackle existing structural problems of the Greek economy and increasing regional inequalities and deterioration of the Greek peoples physical and mental health.
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Comparison of the Impact of Education on Economic Growth in Subregions of Europe
Vérosta, Denis ; Chytilová, Helena (advisor) ; Babin, Jan (referee)
This thesis examines the impact of investments in human capital via additional years of schooling on economic growth. The main aim is to verify the hypothesis about expected positive impact of additional year of schooling on economic growth in subregions of Europe and that the impact will be bigger in subregions of Northern and Western Europe. Human capital theory and economic theory of growth are introduced as well as theoretical model of economic growth that developed by author to analyse the impact. In order to investigate the theory on a data, an econometric model is introduced. The model assumes that the real GDP per worker depends on the stock of physical capital per worker and average years of schooling of worker. Data set that is used for the estimation consists of observations for 34 countries from 1955 to 2010 in 5 years intervals. Using OLS and TSLS estimation methods, 10 regressions are then run with two of them for the entire dataset and two of them being run for each subregion apart, for the purpose of comparison. The results of regression for the entire dataset confirm the expected positive impact of additional years of schooling in Europe region, the finding also agrees with the previous empirical literature (Bassanini and Scarpetta 2001, Soto 2009, Barro and Lee 2013) as well as with the theory of human capital and economic growth. In addition to this, the results of regressions that were run for subregions apart suggest that this impact is heavily related to the quality of education, which tends to be better in Northern and Western Europe, where the impact of additional years of schooling was confirmed separately as well. These findings correspond with the previous empirical literature of economic growth of Soto (2009) and Hanushek and Woessmann (2012), where the quality of education turned out to be crucial as well.
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Neuroeconomics: The analysis of consumer behavior and perception of TV spots
Červenka, Petr ; Chytilová, Helena (advisor) ; Máslo, Lukáš (referee)
The thesis deals with the detailed study of two television commercials of an unnamed energy company. The aim of this work is to determine whether people's subjective evaluation is similar or different to values that were detected during the measurement, after viewing each commercial and in subsequent in-depth interviews. A sample of 24 respondents, who participated in the research, represented the composition of the economically active population in the Czech Republic. These were people of various ages, a combination of educational attainment and an evenly balanced gender ratio. Neurological measurement was done through an eye camera, brain responses were measured using electroencephalography (EEG), and changes in heart rate, skin resistance and body temperature were measured by photoplethysmography. The resulting data ispresented in graphs indicating emotional polarity and activity. The results show that respondent's verbal evaluation of their perception of ads is not necessarily identical with the values that are measured by the devices. The thesis concludes by recommending how to successfully target the so-called end user who uses the services of the company.
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Can Salary Allocation Affect Winning Percentage In The National Hockey League?
Holeksa, Zachary Thomas ; Chytilová, Helena (advisor) ; Prokop, Jaromír (referee)
The purpose of this paper is to provide insight into the most efficient allocation of salary in the National Hockey League, with respect to the positional groups of forwards, defensemen, and goaltenders. With the hypothesis that the most efficient method by which to allocate salary is disproportional between the three groups, three different regressions are run. The results of the regressions and subsequent tests confirm the hypothesis that teams should perform better if they do not allocate their available salary proportionally. It is found, holding spending on goaltenders constant, that teams should perform better if they invest more in either forwards or defensemen. The results are in support of previous papers, written by Marchand et al. (2007) and Simmons & Berri (2011), that an egalitarian pay system is not ideal.
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Are people more altruistic towards persons of the same sex?
Bartůněk, Martin ; Chytilová, Helena (advisor) ; Kadeřábková, Božena (referee)
This thesis deals with the differences in the degree of altruism between men and women, with varying degrees of information. In three rounds of the dictator game experiment, the dictators decided how to redistribute the money between themselves and the recipient. The differences in altruism among the sexes were already dealt with, for example in the works by Andreoni, Vesterlund (2001), Dufwenberg, Muren (2004) or Eckel, Grossman (1998), whose experiments served to inspire the creation of the experimentation in this work. However, the differences in behaviour of men and women in all the observed rounds proved to be statictically insignificant, in this work. The results of this work do not support the hypothesis of a higher degree of altruism in the situation when the dictator has the information about the sex of the recipient, compared to the situation where he does not have it. Male dictators, as well as female ones, behaved equally altruistically to female and male and anonymous recipients.
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