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Fungi associated with tree roots
Charvátová, Markéta ; Baldrian, Petr (advisor) ; Gryndler, Milan (referee)
In contrast to the bulk soil environment, plant roots represent a habitat with higher nutrient availability due to the supply of photosynthesis-derived C-containing compounds. The roots thus support the life of various microorganisms that use such compounds, but the root-associated microbes in the same time may face a limitation in N and P availability. Unlike bacteria, many filamentous fungi are able to transport these compounds from soil and their mycelia thus typically extend into this environment. Ectomycorrhizal fungi are a typical example of this nutrition strategy. Tree roots produce exudates, that differ in thein composition for each species and they can also differ among individuals. It causes a high diversity of root-associated fungi. Soil is also inhabited by parasitic and saprotrophic fungi. Composition and activity of microbial communisies in the rhizosphere differ from the bulk soil. This work points at the differences of the rhizosphere and builk soil, the importance mycorrhizal fungi and it presents an overview of fungal species that have been found on the roots of spruce - Picea abies. Key words: fungi, mycorrhiza, soil, rhizosphere, Picea abies
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Specifics of contemporary librarianship of the Russian Federation: selected regions
Charvátová, Markéta ; Drobíková, Barbora (advisor) ; Římanová, Radka (referee)
The bachelor thesis concerns the current librarianship of the Russian Federation. The introduction briefly describes its history, development and legislative framework. The three national libraries of the Russian Federation, the Russian State Library, the Russian National Library and the B. N. Yeltsin Presidential Library, their history and current activities, as well as the newly established National Digital Library are characterized. The thesis further describes the Russian Library Chamber and explains the specifics of the bibliographic description. In the second part of the work, the library networks of the Krasnoyarsk and Stavropol regions are analysed and compared. The work formulates the specifics of libraries of the Russian Federation in the process of their transformation.
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Change of structure and function of a fungal comunnities in the soil environment after the end of the flowassimilates with Norway spruce (Picea abies)
Charvátová, Markéta ; Baldrian, Petr (advisor) ; Mrnka, Libor (referee)
The decomposition of plant biomass is associated with changes of the associated fungal community which is crucial in the process of degradation due to their production of extracellular enzymes. Moreover, fungal communities as well as enzymatic activity are specific for soil microhabitats. This thesis focused on the importance of fungi associated with the roots of Norway spruce (Picea abies) trees. Forest with dominating Norway spruce, located in the School Forest Enterprise Křtiny area in Moravia, was selected for the experiment. The aim of this thesis was to compare the community composition of fungi in the roots, rhizosphere and bulk soil and to describe the gradual development of this community after the death of the roots. The next aim was to isolate, describe and characterize those fungi that decomposed roots 5 and 9 months after tree harvest. Identification of fungal isolates was based on DNA sequencing. Degradation capabilities were determined as the activity of enzymes involved in the degradation of lignocellulose. Composition of fungal communities was described by sequencing of environmental DNA on the Illumina platform. Before the flow of assimilates from the live trees stopped, communities of ectomycorrhizal fungi dominated with 60 % of all sequences. Increased abundance of saprotrophic...
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Fungi associated with tree roots
Charvátová, Markéta ; Baldrian, Petr (advisor) ; Gryndler, Milan (referee)
In contrast to the bulk soil environment, plant roots represent a habitat with higher nutrient availability due to the supply of photosynthesis-derived C-containing compounds. The roots thus support the life of various microorganisms that use such compounds, but the root-associated microbes in the same time may face a limitation in N and P availability. Unlike bacteria, many filamentous fungi are able to transport these compounds from soil and their mycelia thus typically extend into this environment. Ectomycorrhizal fungi are a typical example of this nutrition strategy. Tree roots produce exudates, that differ in thein composition for each species and they can also differ among individuals. It causes a high diversity of root-associated fungi. Soil is also inhabited by parasitic and saprotrophic fungi. Composition and activity of microbial communisies in the rhizosphere differ from the bulk soil. This work points at the differences of the rhizosphere and builk soil, the importance mycorrhizal fungi and it presents an overview of fungal species that have been found on the roots of spruce - Picea abies. Key words: fungi, mycorrhiza, soil, rhizosphere, Picea abies
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Analysis the approaches of identification of individuals in the Czech Republic
Charvátová, Markéta ; Lechner, Tomáš (advisor) ; Pěkná, Jitka (referee)
The main aim of this thesis is to analyze the approaches of identification of individuals in the Czech Republic. The next part of the thesis are the characteristics of personal data protection in the Czech Republic, an overview of legislative changes in the identification of individuals and in particular the analysis of the Regulation No 910/2014 of the European Parliament and of the Council. Based on the characteristics of the legislation identification in the Czech Republic , the analysis of the above mentioned Regulation and compared with the identification systems that are in place in other European Union states and several other countries around the world , is created draft a universal identifier for the Czech Republic as a vision of the future with specific recommended elements and their reasoning . The main contribution of this work is the analysis of legislation in the Czech Republic and its changes following the adoption of new EU legislation, as well as the inclusion of the new legislation in a model for the identification of individuals in the Czech Republic.
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