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The Precautionary Principle and Risk-Management in Environmental Decision-Making
Flegler, Anna ; Calda, Miloš (advisor) ; Přikryl, Pavel (referee)
Alaska, more than any other state in the US, has a history of natural resource dependency that is unequalled in any other state. This dependency on raw natural resources as the main driver for the economy has persisted to current times. In addition to the economic importance of natural resources, usage of the ecosystem and the benefits it provides are an important part of the survival, culture and economic well-being of the rural population. Bristol Bay has a special role in Alaska based on its abundance of salmon, which bring tourists and industry to the region and provide its main source of income. Recently, the mining industry has taken an interest in the region and its numerous natural resources. Concern has been expressed by both the existing fishing and tourism industries as well as the general population of the region as to the effects that mining activities would have on the region's ecosystem and fish and wildlife populations on which they are dependant. The current permitting system has been criticized for being too lenient and biased in favor of the mining companies. This has been attributed to changes in the competences assigned to different agencies from 2002-2005. The large mine permit team has the job of analyzing the data funded by the Pebble Partnership associated with the various state...
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Impact of the Operation Gatekeeper on the number of illegal immigrants into the USA
Ochmannová, Kristýna ; Kozák, Kryštof (advisor) ; Calda, Miloš (referee)
Bachelor thesis The Impact of the Operation Gatekeeper on the number of illegal immigrants into the United States deals with the effort of the United States of America to improve the border protection against the entry of illegal aliens, mostly from Mexico. The paper initially focus on the history of border enforcement and Border Patrols on the U.S.-Mexico boundary. Another chapter is devoted to historical and territorial context of the area between the U.S. city of San Diego and Mexican city of Tijuana. Consequently, the paper attempts to explain the reasons why the United States had to increase border control and devised programs to improve defense but also the promotion to the floor of Congress and the general public. Operation Gatekeeper was a part of the program, which included the area on the west coast, in the San Diego sector. The paper also stated what was involved during the operation, what was part of it. Attention is paid to the impacts that were associated with the topic of Gatekeeper . These include reducing the number of illegal crossings in the San Diego, but illegal immigrants attempt trying in another territory , as well as an increased risk for illegal immigrants in less accessible areas or the development of professional smugglers. In conclusion, the paper try to explain the...
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Campaign Finance in the U.S. : McCain-Feingold Reform
Vydra, Pavel ; Sehnálková, Jana (advisor) ; Calda, Miloš (referee)
The United States has a long history of political campaigns. The Bipartizan Campaign Reform Act of 2002, also known as McCain-Feingold, was the last attempt to regulate the campaign finance. Being enacted in order to cover the loopholes that occurred in the Federal Election Campaign Act, this act banned the "soft money", it modified the rules for the pre- electional broadcasting, and it brought special restrictions for self-financing candidates. These changes succeeded to be enacted by both chambers of Congress, were signed by the President and upheld by the Supreme Court in the McConnell v. FEC landmark decision. However, the impact of the reform didn't quite meet the expectations of its supporters.
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The Causes of Origin of the Cold War
Červenka, Jaroslav ; Calda, Miloš (advisor) ; Litera, Bohuslav (referee)
This bachelor's work deals with the reasons of the genesis of the Cold War. The work analyzes the reasons of the conflict during World War Two and the first years after. It's written about the first steps in the conflict, the diplomatic negotiations between the Soviet Union and western countries during the time of the problems at the end of the world war two, especially conferences of the Big Three, problems in Greece, Turkey and Iran. I analyze the steps to the cold war like the Truman doctrine and Marshall plan. The Soviet Union guilt is undeniable, but there is a lot of new information that shows blame of western countries, especially the United States. This is the reason why I write this work, this theme is absolutely not ended and slowly opening archives show a lot of new details about the start of the conflict. I want to compare the policy of both sides during world war two and first years after the end of the world conflict and find the problematic decisions of the western countries. I recognized that instead of the common opinion of the only guilt of the Soviet Union, we can find many problematic decisions from the Unite States contributed the beginning of the Cold War. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Giuliani's Zero Tolerance Policy and Its Effectiveness
Tršová, Andrea ; Kozák, Kryštof (advisor) ; Calda, Miloš (referee)
The topic of this thesis is the zero tolerance policing which was established in New York in the second half of the 1990s. Authors of this police approach were New York City Mayor Rudolph Giuliani and Police Commissioner William Bratton. They took their offices in 1994, when there were very high crime rates in New York. Crime rates increased mainly in the 1980s but the situation was still very serious in the beginning of the 1990s. Under Bratton, who had a political support from mayor Giuliani, the New York Police Department adopted a strict law enforcement strategy, which is also called the zero tolerance. In the following years the crime rates went down indeed, and Giuliani and Bratton claimed credit for this crime drop. However, a lot of criticism of their police approach appeared soon and many studies explained falling crime rates as a result of other factors. This paper focuses on the description of changes that took place in the New York Police Department and on the discussion about factors that might have caused the crime drop. The purpose of this paper it to explain what the zero tolerance policing is, to analyze different factors that might have had caused declining of crime rates and to consider the effect of zero tolerance on crime rates.
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Liberal Democracy and Chinese Political Culture: American Perspectives and Perceptions
Hornát, Jan ; Bečka, Jan (advisor) ; Calda, Miloš (referee)
In the case of China, a rising great power, the question of adopting a democratic political system is not just a domestic issue, but has much broader implications for China's relations with the outside world, especially the United States. Whether Washington and Beijing continue to cohabitate without major conflict will depend in large part on the specific form of the regime that evolves in China and on the American perception of this regime. The research hypothesis of this paper proposes that in the event of a democratic transition, China will not adopt a liberal democracy, but a variation of democracy that will include meritocratic and communitarian aspects, due to the strong role of Confucian ethics and morals in influencing Chinese political culture. In an extreme case, China's "non-liberal" democracy may be perceived by the United States as a wholly undemocratic regime and hence, the presumed benign effects of democracy on state-to-state relations, such as "democratic peace", will become void. Yet, if China adopts a "non-liberal" democratic government that primarily strives to ensure "good governance" and if the United States is prepared to accept China as a "non-liberal" democracy, mutually beneficial and peaceful relations can be maintained. The first part of the paper focuses on defining the...
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Rational Irrationality in the USA
Kleňha, Jan ; Kozák, Kryštof (advisor) ; Calda, Miloš (referee)
In this thesis, the theory of rational irrationality is used to explore the incentives behind seemingly irrational beliefs held by a large part of the contemporary American society towards anthropogenic climate change. Applying causal analysis, three questions are answered: "is it rationally irrational for people to be indifferent towards climate change?" "Are Americans inherently more likely than others to hold irrational beliefs about global issues such as climate change?" If so, "is this phenomenon rooted in certain values that constitute the American identity?" The author focuses on specific "American values" and uses statistics and recent empirical studies to find correlations and causality between those values and the exhibited behavior of individuals, while discussing its possible causes and implications. The study concludes that the root cause of irresponsibility of the American citizen towards climate change is a lack of social mechanisms rewarding individuals for holding epistemologically accurate beliefs. The author then proposes a set of general measures to be prioritized in order to improve social reward mechanisms in the American society. If implemented, those measures should be able to effectively enforce epistemic rationality in the U.S. political debate, which is desirable...
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