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Influence of Labour Unions on Economic Growth in EU-15 Countries
Krejčí, Jakub ; Špecián, Petr (advisor) ; Brožová, Dagmar (referee)
This thesis analyses a relationship between the trade union density and the growth rate in 10 European countries in years 1960-2010. Using VAR models and Granger causality testing, the outcomes show a cauzality only in case of Italy where the trade union density responds to changes in economic growth rate. In case of other countries there are several signs of reactions to economic impulses, especially during years of crisis, yet not enough significant. The theoretical part introduces reader into the historical background of this relationship observed by many authors, i. e. it defines the labour market viewed from two perspectives, explains the origin and existing models of labour unions and finally, it shows on empirical studies the economic consequences of the influence of labour unions and their presence on the labour market. JEL classification: J51, J81
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The causes of economic immigration from eastern to western European Union
Gasper, Radoslav ; Brožová, Dagmar (advisor) ; Babin, Jan (referee)
The main objective of this thesis is to test the hypothesis that the most important determinant of economic migration from Eastern EU to the three representative countries of Western part of the EU is particularly income differences. Three regression models are provided in the thesis for Germany, Sweden and Italy. All three models are estimated by the method of fixed effects. In models are used other variables such as difference in unemployment rate, or the difference in the corruption perception and more. Models for Germany and Sweden are estimated on data from the years 2004 to 2013 where the main area of focus is the immigration from the EU8 states. Model for Italy is estimated on data from the years 2007 to 2013. Eight countries in this model are still included, but also Bulgaria and Romania are added. All three models demonstrate the significance of the income differences on the basis of which it confirmed my hypothesis
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Is the Amount of Alcohol Consumption Influenced by Unemployment?
Trubák, Marek ; Chytilová, Helena (advisor) ; Brožová, Dagmar (referee)
This bachelor thesis analyzes the relationship between alcohol consumption and unemployment in the Czech Republic. Author estimates 2 econometric models based on time series from the period 1991 - 2012. Models except above mentioned variables also include the impact of GDP, inflation, real wages, state social expenditures and delayed variable of alcohol consumption testing its addictiveness. Primary hypotheses, defined as positive impact of unemployment on alcohol consumption was confirmed and the analysis shows that 1% increase in unemployment rate leads to 1,05 % increase in alcohol consumption. Secondary hypotheses, defined on the contrary as positive impact of alcohol consumption on unemployment was also confirmed and the results show that 1% increase in alcohol consumption leads to unemployment increase by 0,22 %, which affirms the endogenity assumption of these variables as well. No less important is resulting coefficient of GDP which seems to be counter-cyclical in relation to alcohol consumption.
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Impact Analysis of income inequality to emigrate
Šimo, Dominik ; Brožová, Dagmar (advisor) ; Babin, Jan (referee)
The paper analyses relationship between emigration expressed as a number of emigrants per 1000 inhabitants and income inequality expressed by Gini coefficient. Hypothesis that higher income inequality leads to higher rate of emigration is tested. The papers include two models. I use ordinary least square method in the first one and fixed effect method in the second one. In both models I use panel data from 2005 to 2013. A difference between models is that in the first one I use countries of a former Eastern bloc such V4 countries, Baltics countries and Romania, and in the second model I use former Western bloc countries such West, South and North European countries. Negative effect of Gini coefficient on emigration was proved in the first model and positive effect on migration was proved in the second model which is in contrary to the mentioned literature.
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Regional unemployment disparities: The example of the Czech Republic
Nezbeda, Jaroslav ; Slaný, Martin (advisor) ; Brožová, Dagmar (referee)
The thesis analyzes factors, which affect regional unemployment rate in districts of the Czech Republic. It analyzes panel data of fourteen districts of the Czech Republic from years 2000-2012. It works with method of fixed effects. Next thesis covers two alternativ models, first model analyzes impact of the economic crisis between years 2000-2012 on determinants of regional unemployment rate. Second alternativ model compares factors affecting regional unemployment rate in districts of the Slovakia with factors, which have impact on regional unemployment rate in the Czech districts. Variables are devided into two groups, to economic and demographic. By regression was founded that regional unemployment rate of districts of the Czech Republic is mainly affected by economic factors, for example share of employed in the industry, level of education and regional product per capita. All of these factors have positive impact on regional unemployment rate. There is only one demographic factor which affects regional unemployment rate, it is population density, which has negative impact on regional unemployment rate. Next was founded that economic crisis influnced relationship between investment and regional unemployment rate. While before the crisis the foreign direct investment have negativ impact on regional unemployment, after the crisis foreign direct investment affects regional unemployment positively. In districts of Slovakia influence of economic and demographic factors id equal. There are for example share of employed in industry, foreign direct investment, population density and share of women on labour force.
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Cinema services as a market of vertical and horizontal differenciated product
Jakoubek, Jakub ; Koubek, Ivo (advisor) ; Brožová, Dagmar (referee)
This bachelor thesis analyzes cinema market in the Czech Republic. Multiplexes are crushing their competition of regular cinemas in number of spectators and net revenues. The main aim of the thesis is to prove that product differentiation and distance between the competitors are more important than standard relationship: quantity demanded - supplied price. Based on the data from UFD, where can be found information about all cinemas and multiplexes from the years 2006 - 2014, I estimate models using econometric analysis, which examines the effects of the determinants on the cinema demand. The main focus is on distance to the nearest competitor and quality factor. Conclusions of the thesis confirm that vertical differentiation has the biggest effect on the number of spectators and on the other hand, distance to the nearest competitor is not able to explain the damage from a distance. It turns out that the price differential reflects qualitative differences and the distance between the cinemas.
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Factors Affecting the University Choice in the Czech Republic
Macháček, Jan ; Brožová, Dagmar (advisor) ; Mirvald, Michal (referee)
This thesis examines monetary and non-monetary gains from university education and its effect on varying demand for education. It distinguishes individual faculties of public universities. Compared to related papers this study encompasses a wider dataset as well as the number of non-monetary gains. Presumably, it is the first study of its kind applied to the labour market and the educational system of the Czech Republic. The main source of data is the REFLEX 2013 survey, which provides statistics of the graduates´ employability and their social status. On its basis regression models at various time levels were drafted. The hypothesis that the unemployment of graduates has a negative effect on the demand for their field of study as well as the hypothesis about the lagged relationship between dependent and independent variables have been proved. Nevertheless, compared to some US studies the positive influence of the graduates´ salary has not been proved in any regression model.
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Does economic freedom reduce country's suicide rate?
Fabian, Jakub ; Melzochová, Jitka (advisor) ; Brožová, Dagmar (referee)
This paper analyses the relationship between economic freedom and suicide rates in the world. Economic freedom in this study is described by two most respected indexes by Heritage Foundation and Fraser Institute, whose impact on suicideness is examined separately. This study uses cross-sectional data from the year 2012. Analysis suggets ambivalent effect of economic freedom on suicideness. Therefore, this paper divides economic freedom to two aspects: Personal economic freedom and business economic freedom. High personal economic freedom lowers the sucidie rate, while business economic freedom can act in the opposite direction and increase the suicide rate.
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Are married women in the Czech Republic discriminated against single women?
Radicsová, Alena ; Stroukal, Dominik (advisor) ; Brožová, Dagmar (referee)
This paper examines wage discrimination against women in the labor market and the impact of marriage on their earnings. Married women are looking for work which is less time consuming and physically demanding and it is possible to combine childcare and household, leading to lower earnings. The paper used cross-sectional data for the Czech Republic from the web survey WageIndicator for 2011 and 2012. Using the ordinary least squares method is found marriage penalty in the amount of 8 - 10 %. Results of my study suggest that place of work or foreign ownership of companies, where the woman works, significantly influences the level of wages.
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The affect of installation of blue zones of paid parking on price of prague residential real estates
Kohora, Jan ; Brožová, Dagmar (advisor) ; Rod, Aleš (referee)
This thesis is focused on the quantification of the influence of installation of blue zones of paid parking in Prague and other factors (square metres, the distance to centre, kind of a building...) on the offer price of residential real estates. The thesis assumes that installation of blue zones increase a comfort of residents and due to this increase also a price of real estates in this area. Data set consists of 629 observations. The influence of the factors influencing the offer price of real estates is measured by ordinary least squares. The result of regression analysis shows that existence of blue zones nearby the residential real estate increases its price by nearly 7 %. But the result hasn't been confirmed by the method difference in differences. Furthermore, it was found by OLS that in case of brick building, its price is ceteris paribus higher by 19,8 % than if the building is from panel. This result is almost identical with what Galster a Williams (1994) have measured in Ohio. Every next minute from center means decrease of price of residential real estate by 1,2 %. The positive influence of cellar and elevator hasn't been proven.
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